feat!: add Rego Virtual Machine (RVM) implementation (microsoft#495)

* feat!: add Rego Virtual Machine (RVM) implementation

This commit introduces a register-based virtual machine for executing Rego
policies with bytecode-style instructions. Unlike the existing tree-walking
interpreter, the RVM compiles policies into instruction sequences that operate
on virtual registers, offering better performance and optimization potential.

Core Components:

Instruction Set Architecture:
- Define instruction types for data operations, control flow, and builtins
- Implement instruction parameter encoding and display formatting
- Add instruction parser with comprehensive test coverage

Virtual Machine Engine:
- Register-based execution model with program counter management
- Loop execution supporting iterators, comprehensions, and quantifiers
- Function call handling with argument evaluation and context management
- Rule evaluation with default value resolution and virtual data support
- Arithmetic and comparison operation implementations

Program Representation:
- Program listing builder with instruction sequencing
- Rule tree construction for organizing policy rules
- Binary and JSON serialization for compiled programs
- Recompilation support for program modification

Testing Infrastructure:
- Extensive YAML test suites covering all VM features
- Rust unit tests for VM execution and instruction parsing
- Test suites for loops, comprehensions, builtins, and control flow

BREAKING CHANGE: Introduces new VM execution path alongside interpreter

Signed-off-by: Anand Krishnamoorthi <anakrish@microsoft.com>

* docs: add detailed RVM architecture references

Introduce architecture.md explaining program artifacts, serialization, and runtime subsystems.
Document the full opcode catalog in instruction-set.md, including operands, parameter tables, and outcomes.
Walk through execution flow, stacks, and operational guidance in vm-runtime.md, tying the runtime to the new architecture docs.

Signed-off-by: Anand Krishnamoorthi <anakrish@microsoft.com>

---------

Signed-off-by: Anand Krishnamoorthi <anakrish@microsoft.com>

Author: anakrish

Cargo.lock

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ keywords = ["interpreter", "no_std", "opa", "policy-as-code", "rego"]
 doctest = false
 
 [features]
-default = ["full-opa", "arc"]
+default = ["full-opa", "arc", "rvm"]
 
 arc = ["scientific/arc"]
 ast = []
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ net = ["dep:ipnet"]
 no_std = ["lazy_static/spin_no_std"]
 opa-runtime = []
 regex = ["dep:regex"]
+rvm = ["dep:bincode", "dep:indexmap"]
 semver = ["dep:semver"]
 std = ["rand/std", "rand/std_rng", "serde_json/std", "msvc_spectre_libs" ]
 time = ["dep:chrono", "dep:chrono-tz"]
@@ -99,7 +100,7 @@ lazy_static =  { version = "1.4.0", default-features = false }
 thiserror = { version = "2.0", default-features = false }
 
 data-encoding = { version = "2.8.0", optional = true, default-features=false, features = ["alloc"] }
-scientific = { version = "0.5.3" }
+scientific = { version = "0.5.3", default-features = false }
 
 globset = { version = "0.4.16", features = ["simd-accel"], default-features = false, optional = true }
 regex = {version = "1.11.1", optional = true, default-features = false }
@@ -120,6 +121,10 @@ msvc_spectre_libs = { version = "0.1", features = ["error"], optional = true }
 dashmap = { version = "6.1", default-features = false, optional = true }
 mimalloc = { path = "mimalloc", optional = true }
 
+# rvm related deps
+indexmap = { version = "2.12.0", default-features = false, features = ["serde"], optional = true }
+bincode = { version = "2.0.1", default-features = false, features = ["alloc", "serde"], optional = true }
+
 [dev-dependencies]
 anyhow = "1.0.45"
 cfg-if = "1.0.0"