Mathjax rendering issue after recent iOS update

[abdnh]

I updated my iPad to iPadOS 26.2 yesterday, and ever since then the MathJax formulas are no longer rendering properly.
Here’s a screenshot of one such case:

It renders properly on Anki 25.02.5 for MacOS and AnkiMobile on iOS 18.7.3:

This is not just limited to subscripts, though it seems like it’s always some upper portion of symbols that is missing.

Originally reported on https://forums.ankiweb.net/t/mathjax-not-rendering-properly-on-ipados-26/68321