diff --git a/cpp/cmake_modules/FindBrotliAlt.cmake b/cpp/cmake_modules/FindBrotliAlt.cmake
index 3c90329be9651..aa7495664861f 100644
--- a/cpp/cmake_modules/FindBrotliAlt.cmake
+++ b/cpp/cmake_modules/FindBrotliAlt.cmake
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ if(BrotliAlt_FOUND)
   return()
 endif()
 
-if(ARROW_PACKAGE_KIND STREQUAL "vcpkg" OR ARROW_PACKAGE_KIND STREQUAL "conan")
+if(ARROW_VCPKG OR ARROW_PACKAGE_KIND STREQUAL "conan")
   set(find_package_args "")
   if(BrotliAlt_FIND_VERSION)
     list(APPEND find_package_args ${BrotliAlt_FIND_VERSION})
@@ -32,14 +32,14 @@ if(ARROW_PACKAGE_KIND STREQUAL "vcpkg" OR ARROW_PACKAGE_KIND STREQUAL "conan")
   if(BrotliAlt_FIND_REQUIRED)
     list(APPEND find_package_args REQUIRED)
   endif()
-  if(ARROW_PACKAGE_KIND STREQUAL "vcpkg")
+  if(ARROW_VCPKG)
     find_package(BrotliAlt NAMES unofficial-brotli ${find_package_args})
   else()
     find_package(BrotliAlt NAMES brotli ${find_package_args})
   endif()
   set(Brotli_FOUND ${BrotliAlt_FOUND})
   if(BrotliAlt_FOUND)
-    if(ARROW_PACKAGE_KIND STREQUAL "vcpkg")
+    if(ARROW_VCPKG)
       add_library(Brotli::brotlicommon ALIAS unofficial::brotli::brotlicommon)
       add_library(Brotli::brotlienc ALIAS unofficial::brotli::brotlienc)
       add_library(Brotli::brotlidec ALIAS unofficial::brotli::brotlidec)
diff --git a/cpp/cmake_modules/Findutf8proc.cmake b/cpp/cmake_modules/Findutf8proc.cmake
index 9721f76f0631b..75d459d0ec74e 100644
--- a/cpp/cmake_modules/Findutf8proc.cmake
+++ b/cpp/cmake_modules/Findutf8proc.cmake
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ if(utf8proc_FOUND)
   return()
 endif()
 
-if(ARROW_PACKAGE_KIND STREQUAL "vcpkg" OR VCPKG_TOOLCHAIN)
+if(ARROW_VCPKG)
   set(find_package_args "")
   if(utf8proc_FIND_VERSION)
     list(APPEND find_package_args ${utf8proc_FIND_VERSION})
diff --git a/cpp/cmake_modules/ThirdpartyToolchain.cmake b/cpp/cmake_modules/ThirdpartyToolchain.cmake
index 2cca9cd4b400b..355d2e14481ef 100644
--- a/cpp/cmake_modules/ThirdpartyToolchain.cmake
+++ b/cpp/cmake_modules/ThirdpartyToolchain.cmake
@@ -2906,7 +2906,7 @@ endmacro()
 
 if(ARROW_WITH_UTF8PROC)
   set(utf8proc_resolve_dependency_args utf8proc PC_PACKAGE_NAMES libutf8proc)
-  if(NOT VCPKG_TOOLCHAIN)
+  if(NOT ARROW_VCPKG)
     # utf8proc in vcpkg doesn't provide version information:
     # https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg/issues/39176
     list(APPEND utf8proc_resolve_dependency_args REQUIRED_VERSION "2.2.0")