diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/StringUtils.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/StringUtils.java
index 91cde23bfec..92477e8a8b2 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/StringUtils.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/StringUtils.java
@@ -3930,11 +3930,13 @@ public static String join(final boolean[] array, final char delimiter, final int
         if (endIndex - startIndex <= 0) {
             return EMPTY;
         }
-        final StringJoiner joiner = newStringJoiner(delimiter);
+        final StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(array.length * 5 + array.length - 1);
         for (int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
-            joiner.add(String.valueOf(array[i]));
+            stringBuilder
+                    .append(array[i])
+                    .append(delimiter);
         }
-        return joiner.toString();
+        return stringBuilder.substring(0, stringBuilder.length() - 1);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -4007,11 +4009,13 @@ public static String join(final byte[] array, final char delimiter, final int st
         if (endIndex - startIndex <= 0) {
             return EMPTY;
         }
-        final StringJoiner joiner = newStringJoiner(delimiter);
+        final StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
         for (int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
-            joiner.add(String.valueOf(array[i]));
+            stringBuilder
+                    .append(array[i])
+                    .append(delimiter);
         }
-        return joiner.toString();
+        return stringBuilder.substring(0, stringBuilder.length() - 1);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -4084,11 +4088,13 @@ public static String join(final char[] array, final char delimiter, final int st
         if (endIndex - startIndex <= 0) {
             return EMPTY;
         }
-        final StringJoiner joiner = newStringJoiner(delimiter);
+        final StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(array.length * 2 - 1);
         for (int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
-            joiner.add(String.valueOf(array[i]));
+            stringBuilder
+                    .append(array[i])
+                    .append(delimiter);
         }
-        return joiner.toString();
+        return stringBuilder.substring(0, stringBuilder.length() - 1);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -4161,11 +4167,13 @@ public static String join(final double[] array, final char delimiter, final int
         if (endIndex - startIndex <= 0) {
             return EMPTY;
         }
-        final StringJoiner joiner = newStringJoiner(delimiter);
+        final StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
         for (int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
-            joiner.add(String.valueOf(array[i]));
+            stringBuilder
+                    .append(array[i])
+                    .append(delimiter);
         }
-        return joiner.toString();
+        return stringBuilder.substring(0, stringBuilder.length() - 1);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -4238,11 +4246,13 @@ public static String join(final float[] array, final char delimiter, final int s
         if (endIndex - startIndex <= 0) {
             return EMPTY;
         }
-        final StringJoiner joiner = newStringJoiner(delimiter);
+        final StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
         for (int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
-            joiner.add(String.valueOf(array[i]));
+            stringBuilder
+                    .append(array[i])
+                    .append(delimiter);
         }
-        return joiner.toString();
+        return stringBuilder.substring(0, stringBuilder.length() - 1);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -4315,11 +4325,13 @@ public static String join(final int[] array, final char delimiter, final int sta
         if (endIndex - startIndex <= 0) {
             return EMPTY;
         }
-        final StringJoiner joiner = newStringJoiner(delimiter);
+        final StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
         for (int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
-            joiner.add(String.valueOf(array[i]));
+            stringBuilder
+                    .append(array[i])
+                    .append(delimiter);
         }
-        return joiner.toString();
+        return stringBuilder.substring(0, stringBuilder.length() - 1);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -4601,11 +4613,13 @@ public static String join(final long[] array, final char delimiter, final int st
         if (endIndex - startIndex <= 0) {
             return EMPTY;
         }
-        final StringJoiner joiner = newStringJoiner(delimiter);
+        final StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
         for (int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
-            joiner.add(String.valueOf(array[i]));
+            stringBuilder
+                    .append(array[i])
+                    .append(delimiter);
         }
-        return joiner.toString();
+        return stringBuilder.substring(0, stringBuilder.length() - 1);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -4664,17 +4678,7 @@ public static String join(final Object[] array, final char delimiter) {
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static String join(final Object[] array, final char delimiter, final int startIndex, final int endIndex) {
-        if (array == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        if (endIndex - startIndex <= 0) {
-            return EMPTY;
-        }
-        final StringJoiner joiner = newStringJoiner(delimiter);
-        for (int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
-            joiner.add(toStringOrEmpty(array[i]));
-        }
-        return joiner.toString();
+        return join(array, String.valueOf(delimiter), startIndex, endIndex);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -4826,11 +4830,13 @@ public static String join(final short[] array, final char delimiter, final int s
         if (endIndex - startIndex <= 0) {
             return EMPTY;
         }
-        final StringJoiner joiner = newStringJoiner(delimiter);
+        final StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
         for (int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
-            joiner.add(String.valueOf(array[i]));
+            stringBuilder
+                    .append(array[i])
+                    .append(delimiter);
         }
-        return joiner.toString();
+        return stringBuilder.substring(0, stringBuilder.length() - 1);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -5522,10 +5528,6 @@ public static String mid(final String str, int pos, final int len) {
         return str.substring(pos, pos + len);
     }
 
-    private static StringJoiner newStringJoiner(final char delimiter) {
-        return new StringJoiner(String.valueOf(delimiter));
-    }
-
     /**
      * <p>
      * Similar to <a