[FLINK-38906] Pass transform parser in context and polish built-in functions #1901

Job	Run time
License Check	4m 19s
Pipeline E2E Tests (1-Parallelism) / test (11, 1.20.3, pipeline_e2e)	1h 12m 43s
Source Unit Tests / test (11, generic, oracle, sqlserver)	47m 3s
Source E2E Tests / test (11, 1.20.3, source_e2e)	22m 4s
Pipeline Unit Tests / test (11, generic, doris, elasticsearch, fluss, hudi, iceberg, kafka, maxcompute, mysql-pipeline,...	35m 20s
Source Unit Tests / test (11, generic, db2, mongodb)	42m 47s
Pipeline E2E Tests (1-Parallelism) / test (11, 1.19.3, pipeline_e2e)	1h 15m 25s
Common Unit Tests / test (11, generic, core)	13m 5s
Source Unit Tests / test (11, generic, mysql-source)	52m 10s
Source E2E Tests / test (11, 1.19.3, source_e2e)	21m 58s
Pipeline E2E Tests (4-Parallelism) / test (11, 1.20.3, pipeline_e2e)	1h 8m 13s
Source Unit Tests / test (11, generic, postgres-source, oceanbase-source, tidb, vitess)	36m 19s
Pipeline E2E Tests (4-Parallelism) / test (11, 1.19.3, pipeline_e2e)	1h 13m 16s
	9h 24m 42s

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