[SETUP] Use #!/usr/bin/env bash instead of #!/bin/bash in scripts (#11778)

Replace all #!/bin/bash shebangs with #!/usr/bin/env bash in project-owned shell scripts.
Third-party dependencies and documentation code blocks are left unchanged.

Some operating systems (e.g. NixOS) do not have a Bash executable at /bin/bash, so using
env to locate bash improves cross-platform compatibility.

For example, running dev/run-scala-test.sh on macOS may fail when Bash is installed via
Homebrew at /opt/homebrew/bin/bash rather than /bin/bash, and the hardcoded #!/bin/bash
shebang picks up the outdated system Bash (3.2) instead of the user-installed version. Apple
ships Bash 3.2 and cannot upgrade it due to the GPLv3 license of Bash 4+, so macOS users who
need modern Bash features must rely on a separately installed copy, which #!/usr/bin/env bash
will correctly resolve.

This aligns with the same change adopted by GitHub Actions runner
(see actions/runner#314) and is also consistent with what Apache Spark
does in its codebase.

Additionally, a shebang check is added to .github/workflows/util/check.sh so that future PRs
introducing #!/bin/bash in new or modified .sh files will be caught by the License Header
Check CI workflow.

Author: Zouxxyy

.github/workflows/util/check.sh

@@ -15,13 +15,30 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 export BASE_COMMIT=$1
+
+RESULT=0
+
 ./.github/workflows/util/check.py header branch
 if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
   ./.github/workflows/util/check.py header branch --fix
   echo -e "\n==== Apply using:"
   echo "patch -p1 \<<EOF"
   git --no-pager diff
   echo "EOF"
-  false
+  RESULT=1
+fi
+
+# Check that shell scripts use #!/usr/bin/env bash instead of #!/bin/bash
+BAD_SHEBANGS=$(git diff --relative --name-only --diff-filter='ACM' "$BASE_COMMIT" -- '*.sh' | while read -r f; do
+  [ -f "$f" ] && head -1 "$f" | grep -q '^#!/bin/bash' && echo "$f"
+done)
+
+if [ -n "$BAD_SHEBANGS" ]; then
+  echo -e "\n==== The following scripts use #!/bin/bash instead of #!/usr/bin/env bash:"
+  echo "$BAD_SHEBANGS"
+  echo "Please replace '#!/bin/bash' with '#!/usr/bin/env bash' for portability."
+  RESULT=1
 fi
 
+exit $RESULT
+

.github/workflows/util/install-flink-resources.sh

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 # Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 # contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 # this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.

.github/workflows/util/install-resources.sh

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 # Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 # contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 # this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.

dev/bloop-test.sh

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 # Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 # contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 # this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.

dev/build-arrow.sh

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 
 # Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 # contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with

dev/build-helper-functions.sh

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 
 # Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 # contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with

dev/build-libhdfs3.sh

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 
 # Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 # contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with

dev/build-thirdparty.sh

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 
 # Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 # contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with

dev/buildbundle-veloxbe.sh

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 
 # Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 # contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with

dev/builddep-veloxbe-inc.sh

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 
 # Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 # contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with