diff --git a/raft/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/LeaderState.java b/raft/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/LeaderState.java
index e05007e6986c2..dc8df7d8dc6cd 100644
--- a/raft/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/LeaderState.java
+++ b/raft/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/LeaderState.java
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ public class LeaderState<T> implements EpochState {
     // This field is non-empty if the voter set at epoch start came from a snapshot or log segment
     private final OptionalLong offsetOfVotersAtEpochStart;
     private final KRaftVersion kraftVersionAtEpochStart;
+    private final Optional<ReplicaKey> votedKey;
 
     private Optional<LogOffsetMetadata> highWatermark = Optional.empty();
     private Map<Integer, ReplicaState> voterStates = new HashMap<>();
@@ -116,6 +117,7 @@ protected LeaderState(
         VoterSet voterSetAtEpochStart,
         OptionalLong offsetOfVotersAtEpochStart,
         KRaftVersion kraftVersionAtEpochStart,
+        Optional<ReplicaKey> votedKey,
         Set<Integer> grantingVoters,
         BatchAccumulator<T> accumulator,
         int fetchTimeoutMs,
@@ -158,6 +160,7 @@ protected LeaderState(
         this.voterSetAtEpochStart =  voterSetAtEpochStart;
         this.offsetOfVotersAtEpochStart = offsetOfVotersAtEpochStart;
         this.kraftVersionAtEpochStart = kraftVersionAtEpochStart;
+        this.votedKey = Objects.requireNonNull(votedKey, "votedKey must be non-null");
 
         kafkaRaftMetrics.addLeaderMetrics();
         this.kafkaRaftMetrics = kafkaRaftMetrics;
@@ -687,7 +690,7 @@ public Optional<LogOffsetMetadata> highWatermark() {
 
     @Override
     public ElectionState election() {
-        return ElectionState.withElectedLeader(epoch, localVoterNode.voterKey().id(), Optional.empty(), voterStates.keySet());
+        return ElectionState.withElectedLeader(epoch, localVoterNode.voterKey().id(), votedKey, voterStates.keySet());
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/raft/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/QuorumState.java b/raft/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/QuorumState.java
index 7703a69d4d40b..57d40ad1504cb 100644
--- a/raft/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/QuorumState.java
+++ b/raft/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/QuorumState.java
@@ -181,6 +181,7 @@ public void initialize(OffsetAndEpoch logEndOffsetAndEpoch) throws IllegalStateE
                 time,
                 localId.getAsInt(),
                 election.epoch(),
+                election.optionalVotedKey(),
                 partitionState.lastVoterSet().voterIds(),
                 randomElectionTimeoutMs(),
                 List.of(),
@@ -360,6 +361,7 @@ public void transitionToResigned(List<ReplicaKey> preferredSuccessors) {
                 time,
                 localIdOrThrow(),
                 epoch,
+                votedKey(),
                 partitionState.lastVoterSet().voterIds(),
                 randomElectionTimeoutMs(),
                 preferredSuccessors,
@@ -715,6 +717,7 @@ public <T> LeaderState<T> transitionToLeader(long epochStartOffset, BatchAccumul
             partitionState.lastVoterSet(),
             partitionState.lastVoterSetOffset(),
             partitionState.lastKraftVersion(),
+            candidateState.election().optionalVotedKey(),
             candidateState.epochElection().grantingVoters(),
             accumulator,
             fetchTimeoutMs,
diff --git a/raft/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/ResignedState.java b/raft/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/ResignedState.java
index 65d16c1f72bd9..fd69f2b8d1194 100644
--- a/raft/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/ResignedState.java
+++ b/raft/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/ResignedState.java
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.Set;
 
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@
 public class ResignedState implements EpochState {
     private final int localId;
     private final int epoch;
+    private final Optional<ReplicaKey> votedKey;
     private final Endpoints endpoints;
     private final Set<Integer> voters;
     private final long electionTimeoutMs;
@@ -56,6 +58,7 @@ public ResignedState(
         Time time,
         int localId,
         int epoch,
+        Optional<ReplicaKey> votedKey,
         Set<Integer> voters,
         long electionTimeoutMs,
         List<ReplicaKey> preferredSuccessors,
@@ -64,6 +67,7 @@ public ResignedState(
     ) {
         this.localId = localId;
         this.epoch = epoch;
+        this.votedKey = Objects.requireNonNull(votedKey, "votedKey must be non-null");
         this.voters = voters;
         this.unackedVoters = new HashSet<>(voters);
         this.unackedVoters.remove(localId);
@@ -76,7 +80,7 @@ public ResignedState(
 
     @Override
     public ElectionState election() {
-        return ElectionState.withElectedLeader(epoch, localId, Optional.empty(), voters);
+        return ElectionState.withElectedLeader(epoch, localId, votedKey, voters);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -167,6 +171,7 @@ public String toString() {
         return "ResignedState(" +
             "localId=" + localId +
             ", epoch=" + epoch +
+            ", votedKey=" + votedKey +
             ", voters=" + voters +
             ", electionTimeoutMs=" + electionTimeoutMs +
             ", unackedVoters=" + unackedVoters +
diff --git a/raft/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/KafkaRaftClientPreVoteTest.java b/raft/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/KafkaRaftClientPreVoteTest.java
index 1a4ca403db9c7..a6fc6416cbd78 100644
--- a/raft/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/KafkaRaftClientPreVoteTest.java
+++ b/raft/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/KafkaRaftClientPreVoteTest.java
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ public void testLeaderRejectPreVoteRequestOnSameEpoch(KRaftVersion kraftVersion)
         context.client.poll();
 
         context.assertSentVoteResponse(Errors.NONE, leaderEpoch, OptionalInt.of(localId), false);
-        context.assertElectedLeader(leaderEpoch, localId);
+        context.assertElectedLeaderWithLocalVotedKey(leaderEpoch);
     }
 
     @ParameterizedTest
diff --git a/raft/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/KafkaRaftClientTest.java b/raft/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/KafkaRaftClientTest.java
index e4d879c64edf3..87a3ff8e4ce25 100644
--- a/raft/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/KafkaRaftClientTest.java
+++ b/raft/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/KafkaRaftClientTest.java
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ public void testInitializeSingleMemberQuorum(boolean withKip853Rpc) throws IOExc
         RaftClientTestContext context = new RaftClientTestContext.Builder(localId, Set.of(localId))
             .withKip853Rpc(withKip853Rpc)
             .build();
-        context.assertElectedLeader(1, localId);
+        context.assertElectedLeaderWithLocalVotedKey(1);
         assertEquals(context.log.endOffset().offset(), context.client.logEndOffset());
     }
 
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ public void testInitializeAsLeaderFromStateStoreSingleMemberQuorum(boolean withK
         assertEquals(initialEpoch + 1, context.log.lastFetchedEpoch());
         assertEquals(new LeaderAndEpoch(OptionalInt.of(localId), initialEpoch + 1),
             context.currentLeaderAndEpoch());
-        context.assertElectedLeader(initialEpoch + 1, localId);
+        context.assertElectedLeaderWithLocalVotedKey(initialEpoch + 1);
     }
 
     @ParameterizedTest
@@ -540,7 +540,7 @@ public void testResignWillCompleteFetchPurgatory(boolean withKip853Rpc) throws E
         context.client.shutdown(1000);
         context.client.poll();
         context.assertSentFetchPartitionResponse(Errors.NOT_LEADER_OR_FOLLOWER, epoch, OptionalInt.of(localId));
-        context.assertResignedLeader(epoch, localId);
+        context.assertResignedLeaderWithLocalVotedKey(epoch);
 
         // shutting down finished
         context.time.sleep(1000);
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ public void testResignInOlderEpochIgnored(boolean withKip853Rpc) throws Exceptio
         // Ensure we are still leader even after expiration of the election timeout.
         context.time.sleep(context.electionTimeoutMs() * 2L);
         context.client.poll();
-        context.assertElectedLeader(currentEpoch, localId);
+        context.assertElectedLeaderWithLocalVotedKey(currentEpoch);
     }
 
     @ParameterizedTest
@@ -738,7 +738,7 @@ public void testLeaderShouldResignLeadershipIfNotGetFetchRequestFromMajorityVote
 
         // The leadership should get resigned now
         assertTrue(context.client.quorum().isResigned());
-        context.assertResignedLeader(epoch, localId);
+        context.assertResignedLeaderWithLocalVotedKey(epoch);
     }
 
     @ParameterizedTest
@@ -947,7 +947,7 @@ public void testInitializeAsUnattachedAndBecomeLeader(boolean withKip853Rpc) thr
 
         // Become leader after receiving the vote
         context.pollUntil(() -> context.log.endOffset().offset() == 1L);
-        context.assertElectedLeader(1, localId);
+        context.assertElectedLeaderWithLocalVotedKey(1);
         long electionTimestamp = context.time.milliseconds();
 
         // Leader change record appended
@@ -999,7 +999,7 @@ public void testInitializeAsCandidateAndBecomeLeaderQuorumOfThree(boolean withKi
 
         // Become leader after receiving the vote
         context.pollUntil(() -> context.log.endOffset().offset() == 1L);
-        context.assertElectedLeader(2, localId);
+        context.assertElectedLeaderWithLocalVotedKey(2);
         long electionTimestamp = context.time.milliseconds();
 
         // Leader change record appended
@@ -1031,7 +1031,7 @@ public void testInitializeAsOnlyVoterWithEmptyElectionState(boolean withKip853Rp
         RaftClientTestContext context = new RaftClientTestContext.Builder(localId, Set.of(localId))
             .withKip853Rpc(withKip853Rpc)
             .build();
-        context.assertElectedLeader(1, localId);
+        context.assertElectedLeaderWithLocalVotedKey(1);
         assertEquals(0L, context.log.endOffset().offset());
         assertTrue(context.client.quorum().isLeader());
     }
@@ -1043,7 +1043,7 @@ public void testInitializeAsFollowerAndOnlyVoter() throws Exception {
             .withRaftProtocol(KIP_853_PROTOCOL)
             .withElectedLeader(2, localId + 1)
             .build();
-        context.assertElectedLeader(3, localId);
+        context.assertElectedLeaderWithLocalVotedKey(3);
         assertEquals(0L, context.log.endOffset().offset());
         assertTrue(context.client.quorum().isLeader());
     }
@@ -1055,7 +1055,7 @@ public void testInitializeAsCandidateAndOnlyVoter() throws Exception {
             .withRaftProtocol(KIP_853_PROTOCOL)
             .withVotedCandidate(2, ReplicaKey.of(localId, ReplicaKey.NO_DIRECTORY_ID))
             .build();
-        context.assertElectedLeader(2, localId);
+        context.assertElectedLeaderWithLocalVotedKey(2);
         assertTrue(context.client.quorum().isLeader());
     }
 
@@ -1066,7 +1066,7 @@ public void testInitializeAsResignedAndOnlyVoter() throws Exception {
             .withRaftProtocol(KIP_853_PROTOCOL)
             .withElectedLeader(2, localId)
             .build();
-        context.assertElectedLeader(3, localId);
+        context.assertElectedLeaderWithLocalVotedKey(3);
         assertTrue(context.client.quorum().isLeader());
     }
 
@@ -1219,7 +1219,7 @@ public void testEndQuorumIgnoredAsLeaderIfOlderEpoch(boolean withKip853Rpc) thro
         // Replica should still be leader as long as fetch timeout has not expired
         context.time.sleep(context.fetchTimeoutMs - 1);
         context.client.poll();
-        context.assertElectedLeader(epoch, localId);
+        context.assertElectedLeaderWithLocalVotedKey(epoch);
     }
 
     @ParameterizedTest
@@ -1538,7 +1538,7 @@ public void testVoteRequestTimeout(boolean withKip853Rpc) throws Exception {
             context.voteResponse(true, OptionalInt.empty(), 1)
         );
         context.client.poll();
-        context.assertElectedLeader(epoch, localId);
+        context.assertElectedLeaderWithLocalVotedKey(epoch);
     }
 
     @ParameterizedTest
@@ -1721,7 +1721,7 @@ public void testLeaderIgnoreVoteRequestOnSameEpoch(boolean withKip853Rpc) throws
         context.client.poll();
 
         context.assertSentVoteResponse(Errors.NONE, leaderEpoch, OptionalInt.of(localId), false);
-        context.assertElectedLeader(leaderEpoch, localId);
+        context.assertElectedLeaderWithLocalVotedKey(leaderEpoch);
     }
 
     @ParameterizedTest
@@ -3797,7 +3797,7 @@ public void testGracefulShutdownSingleMemberQuorum(boolean withKip853Rpc) throws
             .withKip853Rpc(withKip853Rpc)
             .build();
 
-        context.assertElectedLeader(1, localId);
+        context.assertElectedLeaderWithLocalVotedKey(1);
         context.client.poll();
         assertEquals(0, context.channel.drainSendQueue().size());
         int shutdownTimeoutMs = 5000;
@@ -3984,7 +3984,7 @@ public void testLeaderAppendSingleMemberQuorum(boolean withKip853Rpc) throws Exc
         long now = context.time.milliseconds();
 
         context.pollUntil(() -> context.log.endOffset().offset() == 1L);
-        context.assertElectedLeader(1, localId);
+        context.assertElectedLeaderWithLocalVotedKey(1);
 
         // We still write the leader change message
         assertEquals(OptionalLong.of(1L), context.client.highWatermark());
diff --git a/raft/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/LeaderStateTest.java b/raft/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/LeaderStateTest.java
index 1ed1dd972d1e2..09a486669c5b9 100644
--- a/raft/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/LeaderStateTest.java
+++ b/raft/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/LeaderStateTest.java
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ private LeaderState<?> newLeaderState(
             voters,
             OptionalLong.of(0L),
             kraftVersion,
+            Optional.empty(),
             voters.voterIds(),
             accumulator,
             fetchTimeoutMs,
@@ -134,6 +135,7 @@ public void testRequireNonNullAccumulator() {
                 voterSet,
                 OptionalLong.of(0),
                 KRaftVersion.KRAFT_VERSION_1,
+                Optional.empty(),
                 Set.of(),
                 null,
                 fetchTimeoutMs,
diff --git a/raft/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/QuorumStateTest.java b/raft/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/QuorumStateTest.java
index 6c3418d64e8aa..b02a316df9c17 100644
--- a/raft/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/QuorumStateTest.java
+++ b/raft/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/QuorumStateTest.java
@@ -550,8 +550,25 @@ public void testInitializeAsResignedLeader(KRaftVersion kraftVersion) {
         int node2 = 2;
         int epoch = 5;
         VoterSet voters = localWithRemoteVoterSet(IntStream.of(node1, node2), kraftVersion);
-        ElectionState election = ElectionState.withElectedLeader(epoch, localId, Optional.empty(), voters.voterIds());
+        ElectionState election = ElectionState.withElectedLeader(
+            epoch,
+            localId,
+            Optional.of(localVoterKey),
+            voters.voterIds()
+        );
         store.writeElectionState(election, kraftVersion);
+        ElectionState persistedElection = ElectionState.withElectedLeader(
+            epoch,
+            localId,
+            Optional.of(persistedVotedKey(localVoterKey, kraftVersion)),
+            persistedVoters(voters.voterIds(), kraftVersion)
+        );
+        ElectionState resignedElection = ElectionState.withElectedLeader(
+            epoch,
+            localId,
+            Optional.of(persistedVotedKey(localVoterKey, kraftVersion)),
+            voters.voterIds()
+        );
 
         // If we were previously a leader, we will start as resigned in order to ensure
         // a new leader gets elected. This ensures that records are always uniquely
@@ -568,7 +585,8 @@ public void testInitializeAsResignedLeader(KRaftVersion kraftVersion) {
 
         ResignedState resignedState = state.resignedStateOrThrow();
         assertEquals(epoch, resignedState.epoch());
-        assertEquals(election, resignedState.election());
+        assertEquals(resignedElection, resignedState.election());
+        assertEquals(persistedElection, store.readElectionState().get());
         assertEquals(Set.of(node1, node2), resignedState.unackedVoters());
         assertEquals(
             electionTimeoutMs + jitterMs,
@@ -2240,6 +2258,15 @@ public void testCandidateToLeader(KRaftVersion kraftVersion)  {
         assertTrue(state.isLeader());
         assertEquals(1, leaderState.epoch());
         assertEquals(Optional.empty(), leaderState.highWatermark());
+        assertEquals(
+            ElectionState.withElectedLeader(
+                1,
+                localId,
+                Optional.of(persistedVotedKey(localVoterKey, kraftVersion)),
+                persistedVoters(voters.voterIds(), kraftVersion)
+            ),
+            store.readElectionState().get()
+        );
     }
 
     @ParameterizedTest
@@ -2463,7 +2490,7 @@ public void testLeaderToResigned(KRaftVersion kraftVersion) {
         assertTrue(state.isResigned());
         ResignedState resignedState = state.resignedStateOrThrow();
         assertEquals(
-            ElectionState.withElectedLeader(1, localId, Optional.empty(), voters.voterIds()),
+            ElectionState.withElectedLeader(1, localId, Optional.of(localVoterKey), voters.voterIds()),
             resignedState.election()
         );
         assertEquals(1, resignedState.epoch());
@@ -2496,7 +2523,7 @@ public void testLeaderToAnyStateLowerEpoch(KRaftVersion kraftVersion) {
             ElectionState.withElectedLeader(
                 6,
                 localId,
-                Optional.empty(),
+                Optional.of(persistedVotedKey(localVoterKey, kraftVersion)),
                 persistedVoters(voters.voterIds(), kraftVersion)
             ),
             store.readElectionState().get()
@@ -2514,14 +2541,31 @@ public void testResignedToFollowerInSameEpoch(KRaftVersion kraftVersion) {
         int node2 = 2;
         int epoch = 5;
         VoterSet voters = localWithRemoteVoterSet(IntStream.of(node1, node2), kraftVersion);
-        ElectionState election = ElectionState.withElectedLeader(epoch, localId, Optional.empty(), voters.voterIds());
+        ElectionState election = ElectionState.withElectedLeader(
+            epoch,
+            localId,
+            Optional.of(localVoterKey),
+            voters.voterIds()
+        );
         store.writeElectionState(election, kraftVersion);
         QuorumState state = buildQuorumState(OptionalInt.of(localId), voters, kraftVersion);
         state.initialize(new OffsetAndEpoch(0L, logEndEpoch));
         assertTrue(state.isResigned());
-        assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> state.transitionToFollower(epoch, localId, voters.listeners(localId)));
+        assertThrows(
+            IllegalStateException.class,
+            () -> state.transitionToFollower(epoch, localId, voters.listeners(localId))
+        );
         // KAFKA-18379 will fix this
         state.transitionToFollower(epoch, node1, voters.listeners(node1));
+        assertEquals(
+            ElectionState.withElectedLeader(
+                epoch,
+                node1,
+                Optional.of(persistedVotedKey(localVoterKey, kraftVersion)),
+                persistedVoters(voters.voterIds(), kraftVersion)
+            ),
+            store.readElectionState().get()
+        );
     }
 
     @ParameterizedTest
diff --git a/raft/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/RaftClientTestContext.java b/raft/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/RaftClientTestContext.java
index 02f92500711ba..397ad346acbad 100644
--- a/raft/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/RaftClientTestContext.java
+++ b/raft/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/RaftClientTestContext.java
@@ -643,7 +643,7 @@ void expectAndGrantVotes(int epoch) throws Exception {
         }
 
         client.poll();
-        assertElectedLeader(epoch, localIdOrThrow());
+        assertElectedLeaderAndVotedKey(epoch, localIdOrThrow(), localVotedKey());
     }
 
     void expectAndGrantPreVotes(int epoch) throws Exception {
@@ -682,6 +682,10 @@ public ReplicaKey localReplicaKey() {
             ReplicaKey.of(localIdOrThrow(), ReplicaKey.NO_DIRECTORY_ID);
     }
 
+    private ReplicaKey localVotedKey() {
+        return ReplicaKey.of(localIdOrThrow(), localDirectoryId);
+    }
+
     private void expectBeginEpoch(int epoch) throws Exception {
         pollUntilRequest();
         for (RaftRequest.Outbound request : collectBeginEpochRequests(epoch)) {
@@ -741,6 +745,23 @@ public void assertElectedLeaderAndVotedKey(int epoch, int leaderId, ReplicaKey c
         );
     }
 
+    public void assertElectedLeaderWithLocalVotedKey(int epoch) {
+        assertElectedLeaderAndVotedKey(epoch, localIdOrThrow(), localVotedKey());
+    }
+
+    public void assertResignedLeaderWithLocalVotedKey(int epoch) {
+        assertTrue(client.quorum().isResigned());
+        assertEquals(
+            ElectionState.withElectedLeader(
+                epoch,
+                localIdOrThrow(),
+                Optional.of(persistedVotedKey(localVotedKey(), kraftVersion)),
+                expectedVoters()
+            ),
+            quorumStateStore.readElectionState().get()
+        );
+    }
+
     private static ReplicaKey persistedVotedKey(ReplicaKey replicaKey, KRaftVersion kraftVersion) {
         if (kraftVersion.isReconfigSupported()) {
             return replicaKey;
diff --git a/raft/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/ResignedStateTest.java b/raft/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/ResignedStateTest.java
index 0564e35582e35..4d1893ac16c43 100644
--- a/raft/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/ResignedStateTest.java
+++ b/raft/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/ResignedStateTest.java
@@ -50,10 +50,15 @@ class ResignedStateTest {
     );
 
     private ResignedState newResignedState(Set<Integer> voters) {
+        return newResignedState(Optional.empty(), voters);
+    }
+
+    private ResignedState newResignedState(Optional<ReplicaKey> votedKey, Set<Integer> voters) {
         return new ResignedState(
             time,
             localId,
             epoch,
+            votedKey,
             voters,
             electionTimeoutMs,
             List.of(),
@@ -86,6 +91,16 @@ public void testResignedState() {
         assertTrue(state.hasElectionTimeoutExpired(time.milliseconds()));
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void testElectionPreservesVotedKey() {
+        ReplicaKey votedKey = ReplicaKey.of(localId, ReplicaKey.NO_DIRECTORY_ID);
+        Set<Integer> voters = Set.of(localId, 1);
+
+        ResignedState state = newResignedState(Optional.of(votedKey), voters);
+
+        assertEquals(ElectionState.withElectedLeader(epoch, localId, Optional.of(votedKey), voters), state.election());
+    }
+
     @ParameterizedTest
     @ValueSource(booleans = {true, false})
     public void testGrantVote(boolean isLogUpToDate) {