Send a User-Agent header on registry requests

Registry requests built by RegistryClient went out without a User-Agent
header. The central request() method constructed an HTTPClientRequest and
only ever set Authorization plus any caller-supplied headers, and
AsyncHTTPClient does not add a default User-Agent of its own, so every
registry operation (manifest resolves, blob fetches, token exchanges, and
pushes) was anonymous on the wire.

HTTP/1.1 only recommends User-Agent rather than requiring it, but in
practice some registries and forward proxies reject, rate-limit, or
otherwise mishandle requests that omit it, and operators rely on it for
attribution and debugging.

The client already carried a clientID ("containerization-registry-client"
by default), but it was only used as the OAuth client_id form field when
fetching tokens, never as an HTTP header. Set the User-Agent from clientID
at the single point where requests are constructed so it applies uniformly
to every registry call including retries and token fetches. A caller that
passes its own User-Agent in the per-request headers still takes
precedence, and no duplicate header is emitted.

Author: adityasingh2400

Package.swift

@@ -194,6 +194,7 @@ let package = Package(
                 "Containerization",
                 "ContainerizationIO",
                 .product(name: "NIO", package: "swift-nio"),
+                .product(name: "NIOHTTP1", package: "swift-nio"),
                 .product(name: "Crypto", package: "swift-crypto"),
             ]
         ),

Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Client/RegistryClient.swift

@@ -141,6 +141,32 @@ public final class RegistryClient: ContentClient {
         base.host ?? ""
     }
 
+    /// Builds the base `HTTPClientRequest` for a registry call, applying the headers
+    /// that are constant across authentication and retry attempts.
+    ///
+    /// A `User-Agent` identifying the client is always set so that registries can
+    /// attribute and, where required, gate requests. The HTTP/1.1 specification only
+    /// recommends this header, so some servers (and proxies) reject or mishandle
+    /// requests that omit it. Callers may override it by passing their own
+    /// `User-Agent` entry in `headers`.
+    internal func buildRequest(
+        url: String,
+        method: HTTPMethod,
+        headers: [(String, String)]?
+    ) -> HTTPClientRequest {
+        var request = HTTPClientRequest(url: url)
+        request.method = method
+        request.headers.add(name: "User-Agent", value: clientID)
+        headers?.forEach { (k, v) in
+            if k.lowercased() == "user-agent" {
+                request.headers.replaceOrAdd(name: k, value: v)
+            } else {
+                request.headers.add(name: k, value: v)
+            }
+        }
+        return request
+    }
+
     internal func request<T>(
         components: URLComponents,
         method: HTTPMethod = .GET,
@@ -152,8 +178,7 @@ public final class RegistryClient: ContentClient {
             throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "invalid url \(components.path)")
         }
 
-        var request = HTTPClientRequest(url: path)
-        request.method = method
+        var request = buildRequest(url: path, method: method, headers: headers)
 
         var currentToken: TokenResponse?
         let token: String? = try await {
@@ -167,8 +192,6 @@ public final class RegistryClient: ContentClient {
             request.headers.add(name: "Authorization", value: "\(token)")
         }
 
-        // Add any arbitrary headers
-        headers?.forEach { (k, v) in request.headers.add(name: k, value: v) }
         var retryCount = 0
         var response: HTTPClientResponse?
         while true {

Tests/ContainerizationOCITests/RegistryRequestHeaderTests.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// Copyright © 2025-2026 Apple Inc. and the Containerization project authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+import NIOHTTP1
+import Testing
+
+@testable import ContainerizationOCI
+
+struct RegistryRequestHeaderTests {
+    @Test func defaultUserAgentIsSet() throws {
+        let client = RegistryClient(host: "registry.example.com")
+        let request = client.buildRequest(url: "https://registry.example.com/v2/", method: .GET, headers: nil)
+        #expect(request.headers["User-Agent"] == ["containerization-registry-client"])
+    }
+
+    @Test func customClientIDBecomesUserAgent() throws {
+        let client = RegistryClient(host: "registry.example.com", clientID: "my-tool/1.2.3")
+        let request = client.buildRequest(url: "https://registry.example.com/v2/", method: .GET, headers: nil)
+        #expect(request.headers["User-Agent"] == ["my-tool/1.2.3"])
+    }
+
+    @Test func callerSuppliedUserAgentOverridesDefault() throws {
+        let client = RegistryClient(host: "registry.example.com")
+        let request = client.buildRequest(
+            url: "https://registry.example.com/v2/",
+            method: .GET,
+            headers: [("User-Agent", "override/9.9")]
+        )
+        // The default must not be duplicated when the caller provides one.
+        #expect(request.headers["User-Agent"] == ["override/9.9"])
+    }
+
+    @Test func userAgentCoexistsWithOtherHeaders() throws {
+        let client = RegistryClient(host: "registry.example.com")
+        let request = client.buildRequest(
+            url: "https://registry.example.com/v2/",
+            method: .PUT,
+            headers: [("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream")]
+        )
+        #expect(request.headers["User-Agent"] == ["containerization-registry-client"])
+        #expect(request.headers["Content-Type"] == ["application/octet-stream"])
+    }
+}