Add `values.schema.json` to `karpenter` and `karpenter-crd` helm charts

[jonathan-innis]

Description

Helm supports a values.schema.json file which allows you to define exactly what the schema of your values file looks like. This enables helm to check the correctness of the install when it is executed so that it will deny the installation if the values.yaml that a user is trying to use doesn't match the constraints of the schema.

We should investigate if there are mechanisms that this file can be auto-gened so that we don't have to keep updating this file as we expand out the values.yaml

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[JaynouOliver]

I would be glad to learn and work on it, need some guidance, so do I need to get assigned or directly have to work for a PR?