diff --git a/.github/workflows/validate_datasets.yml b/.github/workflows/validate_datasets.yml
index c71ecf609..3b3edb2cb 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/validate_datasets.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/validate_datasets.yml
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Set up Node.js
       if: matrix.bids-validator == 'legacy'
-      uses: actions/setup-node@v6
+      uses: actions/setup-node@v5
       with:
         node-version: 22
 
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ jobs:
         fi
 
     - name: Skip legacy validation for post-legacy datasets
-      run: for DS in mrs_* dwi_deriv pet006 pheno004 volume_timing; do touch $DS/.SKIP_VALIDATION; done
+      run: for DS in mrs_* dwi_deriv pet006 pheno004 volume_timing provenance_*; do touch $DS/.SKIP_VALIDATION; done
       if: matrix.bids-validator == 'legacy'
 
     - name: Skip stable validation for datasets with unreleased validator features
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Skip main validation for datasets with unreleased spec features
       # Replace ${EMPTY} with dataset patterns, when this is needed
       # Reset to "for DS in ${EMPTY}; ..." after a spec release
-      run: for DS in dwi_deriv pheno004; do touch $DS/.SKIP_VALIDATION; done
+      run: for DS in dwi_deriv pheno004 provenance_*; do touch $DS/.SKIP_VALIDATION; done
       if: matrix.bids-validator != 'dev'
 
     - name: Set BIDS_SCHEMA variable for dev version
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ jobs:
       # Update this URL to the schema.json from PRs to the spec, when needed.
       # If this variable is unset, dev will generally track the latest development
       # release of https://jsr.io/@bids/schema
-      run: echo BIDS_SCHEMA=https://bids-specification.readthedocs.io/en/latest/schema.json >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      run: echo BIDS_SCHEMA=https://bids-specification--2099.org.readthedocs.build/en/2099/schema.json >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
     - name: Validate all BIDS datasets using bids-validator
       run: |
diff --git a/provenance_manual/.bidsignore b/provenance_manual/.bidsignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/provenance_manual/README.md b/provenance_manual/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9b17c855
--- /dev/null
+++ b/provenance_manual/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Provenance of manual brain segmentations
+
+## Goal
+
+This example aims at showing provenance metadata for a study dataset in which several experts performed manual brain segmentations from the same T1w file.
+
+## Directory tree
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> Note that the `docs/` directory contains explanatory data (see [Provenance as a RDF graph](#provenance-as-a-rdf-graph)) that is not required to encode provenance.
+
+```
+.
+├── dataset_description.json
+├── derivatives
+│   └── seg
+│       ├── dataset_description.json
+│       ├── descriptions.tsv
+│       ├── docs
+│       │   ├── prov-seg.jsonld
+│       │   └── prov-seg.png
+│       ├── prov
+│       │   ├── provenance.tsv
+│       │   ├── prov-seg_desc-exp1_act.json
+│       │   ├── prov-seg_desc-exp1_soft.json
+│       │   ├── prov-seg_desc-exp2_act.json
+│       │   ├── prov-seg_desc-exp2_soft.json
+│       │   └── prov-seg_ent.json
+│       └── sub-001
+│           └── anat
+│               ├── sub-001_space-orig_desc-exp1_dseg.json
+│               ├── sub-001_space-orig_desc-exp1_dseg.nii.gz
+│               ├── sub-001_space-orig_desc-exp2_dseg.json
+│               └── sub-001_space-orig_desc-exp2_dseg.nii.gz
+├── README.md
+└── sourcedata
+    └── raw
+        ├── dataset_description.json
+        └── sub-001
+            └── anat
+                ├── sub-001_T1w.json
+                └── sub-001_T1w.nii.gz
+```
+
+## Provenance as a RDF graph
+
+Provenance metadata can be aggregated as a JSON-LD RDF graph, which is available in [`derivatives/seg/docs/prov-seg.jsonld`](derivatives/seg/docs/prov-seg.jsonld). This is a rendered version of the graph, also available in [`derivatives/seg/docs/prov-seg.png`](derivatives/seg/docs/prov-seg.png).
+
+![Rendered version of the RDF graph](derivatives/seg/docs/prov-seg.png)
diff --git a/provenance_manual/dataset_description.json b/provenance_manual/dataset_description.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..901b44576
--- /dev/null
+++ b/provenance_manual/dataset_description.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "Name": "Brain segmentations from 2 experts",
+  "BIDSVersion": "1.10.0",
+  "DatasetType": "study",
+  "License": "CC0",
+  "Authors": [
+    "Boris Clénet"
+  ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/provenance_manual/derivatives/seg/dataset_description.json b/provenance_manual/derivatives/seg/dataset_description.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dc5e4cb16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/provenance_manual/derivatives/seg/dataset_description.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "Name": "Manual brain segmentations",
+  "BIDSVersion": "1.10.0",
+  "DatasetType": "derivative",
+  "License": "CC0",
+  "Authors": [
+    "Boris Clénet"
+  ],
+  "DatasetLinks": {
+    "raw": "../../sourcedata/raw"
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/provenance_manual/derivatives/seg/descriptions.tsv b/provenance_manual/derivatives/seg/descriptions.tsv
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..371d9ef6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/provenance_manual/derivatives/seg/descriptions.tsv
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+desc_id	description
+desc-seg1	Files generated by expert #1
+desc-seg2	Files generated by expert #2
diff --git a/provenance_manual/derivatives/seg/docs/prov-seg.jsonld b/provenance_manual/derivatives/seg/docs/prov-seg.jsonld
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cb6fd3550
--- /dev/null
+++ b/provenance_manual/derivatives/seg/docs/prov-seg.jsonld
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+{
+  "BIDSProvVersion": "0.0.1",
+  "@context": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bclenet/bids-specification/refs/heads/BEP028_spec/src/provenance-context.json",
+  "Records": {
+    "Software": [],
+    "Activities": [
+      {
+        "Id": "bids::prov#segmentation-nO5RGsrb",
+        "Label": "Manual brain segmentation",
+        "Command": null,
+        "Used": [
+          "bids:raw:sub-001/anat/sub-001_T1w.nii.gz"
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "Id": "bids::prov#segmentation-mOOypIYB",
+        "Label": "Manual brain segmentation",
+        "Command": null,
+        "Used": [
+          "bids:raw:sub-001/anat/sub-001_T1w.nii.gz"
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ProvEntities": [
+      {
+        "Id": "bids:raw:sub-001/anat/sub-001_T1w.nii.gz",
+        "Label": "sub-001/anat/sub-001_T1w.nii.gz",
+        "AtLocation": "../../sourcedata/raw/sub-001/anat/sub-001_T1w.nii.gz"
+      },
+      {
+        "Id": "bids::sub-001/anat/sub-001_space-orig_desc-exp1_dseg.nii.gz",
+        "Label": "sub-001_space-orig_desc-exp1_dseg.nii.gz",
+        "AtLocation": "sub-001/anat/sub-001_space-orig_desc-exp1_dseg.nii.gz",
+        "GeneratedBy": "bids::prov#segmentation-nO5RGsrb"
+      },
+      {
+        "Id": "bids::sub-001/anat/sub-001_space-orig_desc-exp2_dseg.nii.gz",
+        "Label": "sub-001_space-orig_desc-exp2_dseg.nii.gz",
+        "AtLocation": "sub-001/anat/sub-001_space-orig_desc-exp2_dseg.nii.gz",
+        "GeneratedBy": "bids::prov#segmentation-mOOypIYB"
+      }
+    ],
+    "Environments": []
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/provenance_manual/derivatives/seg/docs/prov-seg.png b/provenance_manual/derivatives/seg/docs/prov-seg.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f112fafb
Binary files /dev/null and b/provenance_manual/derivatives/seg/docs/prov-seg.png differ
diff --git a/provenance_manual/derivatives/seg/prov/prov-seg_desc-exp1_act.json b/provenance_manual/derivatives/seg/prov/prov-seg_desc-exp1_act.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..907b7e45a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/provenance_manual/derivatives/seg/prov/prov-seg_desc-exp1_act.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "Activities": [
+    {
+      "Id": "bids::prov#segmentation-nO5RGsrb",
+      "Label": "Manual brain segmentation",
+      "Command": null,
+      "Used": [
+        "bids:raw:sub-001/anat/sub-001_T1w.nii.gz"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/provenance_manual/derivatives/seg/prov/prov-seg_desc-exp2_act.json b/provenance_manual/derivatives/seg/prov/prov-seg_desc-exp2_act.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..109b177ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/provenance_manual/derivatives/seg/prov/prov-seg_desc-exp2_act.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "Activities": [
+    {
+      "Id": "bids::prov#segmentation-mOOypIYB",
+      "Label": "Manual brain segmentation",
+      "Command": null,
+      "Used": [
+        "bids:raw:sub-001/anat/sub-001_T1w.nii.gz"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/provenance_manual/derivatives/seg/prov/prov-seg_ent.json b/provenance_manual/derivatives/seg/prov/prov-seg_ent.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d24590fb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/provenance_manual/derivatives/seg/prov/prov-seg_ent.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "ProvEntities": [
+  	{
+      "Id": "bids:raw:sub-001/anat/sub-001_T1w.nii.gz",
+      "Label": "sub-001/anat/sub-001_T1w.nii.gz",
+      "AtLocation": "../../sourcedata/raw/sub-001/anat/sub-001_T1w.nii.gz"
+    }
+  ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/provenance_manual/derivatives/seg/prov/provenance.tsv b/provenance_manual/derivatives/seg/prov/provenance.tsv
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a4fdd2bbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/provenance_manual/derivatives/seg/prov/provenance.tsv
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+provenance_label	description
+prov-seg	Manual brain segmentation performed by two experts
diff --git a/provenance_manual/derivatives/seg/sub-001/anat/sub-001_space-orig_desc-exp1_dseg.json b/provenance_manual/derivatives/seg/sub-001/anat/sub-001_space-orig_desc-exp1_dseg.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ed7ebc6a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/provenance_manual/derivatives/seg/sub-001/anat/sub-001_space-orig_desc-exp1_dseg.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "GeneratedBy": "bids::prov#segmentation-nO5RGsrb"
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/provenance_manual/derivatives/seg/sub-001/anat/sub-001_space-orig_desc-exp1_dseg.nii.gz b/provenance_manual/derivatives/seg/sub-001/anat/sub-001_space-orig_desc-exp1_dseg.nii.gz
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/provenance_manual/derivatives/seg/sub-001/anat/sub-001_space-orig_desc-exp2_dseg.json b/provenance_manual/derivatives/seg/sub-001/anat/sub-001_space-orig_desc-exp2_dseg.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..28fed1304
--- /dev/null
+++ b/provenance_manual/derivatives/seg/sub-001/anat/sub-001_space-orig_desc-exp2_dseg.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "GeneratedBy": "bids::prov#segmentation-mOOypIYB"
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/provenance_manual/derivatives/seg/sub-001/anat/sub-001_space-orig_desc-exp2_dseg.nii.gz b/provenance_manual/derivatives/seg/sub-001/anat/sub-001_space-orig_desc-exp2_dseg.nii.gz
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/provenance_manual/sourcedata/raw/dataset_description.json b/provenance_manual/sourcedata/raw/dataset_description.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c6ba04644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/provenance_manual/sourcedata/raw/dataset_description.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "Name": "T1w image of one participant",
+  "BIDSVersion": "1.10.0",
+  "DatasetType": "raw",
+  "License": "CC0",
+  "Authors": [
+    "Boris Clénet"
+  ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/provenance_manual/sourcedata/raw/sub-001/anat/sub-001_T1w.json b/provenance_manual/sourcedata/raw/sub-001/anat/sub-001_T1w.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c6ebf8fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/provenance_manual/sourcedata/raw/sub-001/anat/sub-001_T1w.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "RepetitionTime": 2.53,
+  "EchoTime": 0.00299,
+  "FlipAngle": 7,
+  "Manufacturer": "SIEMENS",
+  "ManufacturersModelName": "Prisma",
+  "MagneticFieldStrength": 3 
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/provenance_manual/sourcedata/raw/sub-001/anat/sub-001_T1w.nii.gz b/provenance_manual/sourcedata/raw/sub-001/anat/sub-001_T1w.nii.gz
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb