diff --git a/app/db/seed.py b/app/db/seed.py
index e4b2be7..46d1dd3 100644
--- a/app/db/seed.py
+++ b/app/db/seed.py
@@ -2,143 +2,155 @@
 from typing import cast
 from uuid import uuid4
 
-from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncEngine
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncEngine, AsyncSession, async_sessionmaker
 
-from app.application.models import (  # noqa: F401
-    Application,
-    ReviewImage,
-    ReviewSubmission,
-)
-from app.auth.models import EmailVerification, User  # noqa: F401
-from app.blockchain.service_impl import BlockchainServiceImpl
-from app.core.config import settings
+from app.auth.models import User
+from app.blockchain.service import BlockchainService
 from app.core.security import get_password_hash
 from app.db.base import Base
-from app.db.session import AsyncSessionLocal
 from app.event.models import Event
 from app.store.models import Store
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-async def _deploy_or_none() -> str | None:
-    if not settings.blockchain_rpc_url or not settings.server_private_key:
-        return None
-    try:
-        return await BlockchainServiceImpl().deploy_contract()
-    except Exception:
-        logger.exception("[SEED] contract deploy failed, skipping")
-        return None
+class Seeder:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        engine: AsyncEngine,
+        session_factory: async_sessionmaker[AsyncSession],
+        blockchain_service: BlockchainService | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._engine = engine
+        self._sessions = session_factory
+        self._blockchain = blockchain_service
 
+    async def run(self) -> None:
+        await self._reset()
+        await self._seed()
 
-async def _fund_contract(contract_address: str, amount_wei: int) -> None:
-    try:
-        await BlockchainServiceImpl().fund_contract(contract_address, amount_wei)
-    except Exception:
-        logger.exception("[SEED] contract fund failed contract=%s", contract_address)
+    async def _reset(self) -> None:
+        async with self._engine.begin() as conn:
+            await conn.run_sync(Base.metadata.drop_all)
+            await conn.run_sync(Base.metadata.create_all)
 
+    async def _deploy_contract(self) -> str | None:
+        if not self._blockchain:
+            return None
+        try:
+            return await self._blockchain.deploy_contract()
+        except Exception:
+            logger.exception("[SEED] contract deploy failed, skipping")
+            return None
 
-async def reset_and_seed(engine: AsyncEngine) -> None:
-    async with engine.begin() as conn:
-        await conn.run_sync(Base.metadata.drop_all)
-        await conn.run_sync(Base.metadata.create_all)
+    async def _fund_contract(self, contract_address: str, amount_wei: int) -> None:
+        if not self._blockchain:
+            return
+        try:
+            await self._blockchain.fund_contract(contract_address, amount_wei)
+        except Exception:
+            logger.exception(
+                "[SEED] contract fund failed contract=%s", contract_address
+            )
 
-    async with AsyncSessionLocal() as session:
-        # --- 사장님 계정 ---
-        owner1 = User(
-            id=uuid4(),
-            username="김철수",
-            email="owner1@test.com",
-            password_hash=get_password_hash("password123"),
-            role="OWNER",
-        )
-        owner2 = User(
-            id=uuid4(),
-            username="이영희",
-            email="owner2@test.com",
-            password_hash=get_password_hash("password123"),
-            role="OWNER",
-        )
-        session.add_all([owner1, owner2])
-        await session.flush()
+    async def _seed(self) -> None:
+        async with self._sessions() as session:
+            owner1 = User(
+                id=uuid4(),
+                username="김철수",
+                email="owner1@test.com",
+                password_hash=get_password_hash("password123"),
+                role="OWNER",
+            )
+            owner2 = User(
+                id=uuid4(),
+                username="이영희",
+                email="owner2@test.com",
+                password_hash=get_password_hash("password123"),
+                role="OWNER",
+            )
+            session.add_all([owner1, owner2])
+            await session.flush()
 
-        # --- 가게 ---
-        store1 = Store(
-            id=uuid4(),
-            name="맛있는 삼겹살",
-            address="서울시 강남구 테헤란로 1길 10",
-            category="RESTAURANT",
-            description="신선한 국내산 돼지고기 전문점",
-            owner_id=owner1.id,
-        )
-        store2 = Store(
-            id=uuid4(),
-            name="카페 브루잉",
-            address="서울시 마포구 홍익로 5길 3",
-            category="CAFE",
-            description="스페셜티 원두를 직접 로스팅하는 카페",
-            owner_id=owner1.id,
-        )
-        store3 = Store(
-            id=uuid4(),
-            name="에이블 패션",
-            address="서울시 중구 명동길 20",
-            category="FASHION",
-            description="트렌디한 여성 의류 편집샵",
-            owner_id=owner2.id,
-        )
-        store4 = Store(
-            id=uuid4(),
-            name="글로우 뷰티살롱",
-            address="서울시 서초구 반포대로 8길 15",
-            category="BEAUTY",
-            description="피부 관리 및 네일 전문 뷰티샵",
-            owner_id=owner2.id,
-        )
-        session.add_all([store1, store2, store3, store4])
-        await session.flush()
+            store1 = Store(
+                id=uuid4(),
+                name="맛있는 삼겹살",
+                address="서울시 강남구 테헤란로 1길 10",
+                category="RESTAURANT",
+                description="신선한 국내산 돼지고기 전문점",
+                owner_id=owner1.id,
+            )
+            store2 = Store(
+                id=uuid4(),
+                name="카페 브루잉",
+                address="서울시 마포구 홍익로 5길 3",
+                category="CAFE",
+                description="스페셜티 원두를 직접 로스팅하는 카페",
+                owner_id=owner1.id,
+            )
+            store3 = Store(
+                id=uuid4(),
+                name="에이블 패션",
+                address="서울시 중구 명동길 20",
+                category="FASHION",
+                description="트렌디한 여성 의류 편집샵",
+                owner_id=owner2.id,
+            )
+            store4 = Store(
+                id=uuid4(),
+                name="글로우 뷰티살롱",
+                address="서울시 서초구 반포대로 8길 15",
+                category="BEAUTY",
+                description="피부 관리 및 네일 전문 뷰티샵",
+                owner_id=owner2.id,
+            )
+            session.add_all([store1, store2, store3, store4])
+            await session.flush()
 
-        # --- 이벤트 (각각 컨트랙트 배포) ---
-        event_specs = [
-            dict(
-                title="삼겹살 맛집 블로그 리뷰 모집",
-                condition="네이버 블로그 사진 5장 이상, 300자 이상 리뷰 작성",
-                reward=10_000_000_000_000_000,  # 0.01 ETH
-                is_active=True,
-                store_id=store1.id,
-            ),
-            dict(
-                title="삼겹살집 인스타그램 리뷰",
-                condition="인스타그램에 해시태그 #맛있는삼겹살 포함 게시물 업로드",
-                reward=5_000_000_000_000_000,  # 0.005 ETH
-                is_active=True,
-                store_id=store1.id,
-            ),
-            dict(
-                title="카페 브루잉 음료 리뷰",
-                condition="네이버 지도 리뷰 작성",
-                reward=3_000_000_000_000_000,  # 0.003 ETH
-                is_active=True,
-                store_id=store2.id,
-            ),
-            dict(
-                title="에이블 패션 스타일링 후기",
-                condition="구매 후 착용샷과 함께 SNS 게시",
-                reward=15_000_000_000_000_000,  # 0.015 ETH
-                is_active=True,
-                store_id=store3.id,
-            ),
-            dict(
-                title="글로우 뷰티살롱 시술 후기",
-                condition="카카오맵 리뷰 200자 이상 + 사진 3장 이상 첨부",
-                reward=8_000_000_000_000_000,  # 0.008 ETH
-                is_active=False,
-                store_id=store4.id,
-            ),
-        ]
-        for spec in event_specs:
-            contract_address = await _deploy_or_none()
-            if contract_address:
-                await _fund_contract(contract_address, cast(int, spec["reward"]))
-            session.add(Event(id=uuid4(), contract_address=contract_address, **spec))
-        await session.commit()
+            event_specs = [
+                dict(
+                    title="삼겹살 맛집 블로그 리뷰 모집",
+                    condition="네이버 블로그 사진 5장 이상, 300자 이상 리뷰 작성",
+                    reward=10_000_000_000_000_000,  # 0.01 ETH
+                    is_active=True,
+                    store_id=store1.id,
+                ),
+                dict(
+                    title="삼겹살집 인스타그램 리뷰",
+                    condition="인스타그램에 해시태그 #맛있는삼겹살 포함 게시물 업로드",
+                    reward=5_000_000_000_000_000,  # 0.005 ETH
+                    is_active=True,
+                    store_id=store1.id,
+                ),
+                dict(
+                    title="카페 브루잉 음료 리뷰",
+                    condition="네이버 지도 리뷰 작성",
+                    reward=3_000_000_000_000_000,  # 0.003 ETH
+                    is_active=True,
+                    store_id=store2.id,
+                ),
+                dict(
+                    title="에이블 패션 스타일링 후기",
+                    condition="구매 후 착용샷과 함께 SNS 게시",
+                    reward=15_000_000_000_000_000,  # 0.015 ETH
+                    is_active=True,
+                    store_id=store3.id,
+                ),
+                dict(
+                    title="글로우 뷰티살롱 시술 후기",
+                    condition="카카오맵 리뷰 200자 이상 + 사진 3장 이상 첨부",
+                    reward=8_000_000_000_000_000,  # 0.008 ETH
+                    is_active=False,
+                    store_id=store4.id,
+                ),
+            ]
+            for spec in event_specs:
+                contract_address = await self._deploy_contract()
+                if contract_address:
+                    await self._fund_contract(
+                        contract_address, cast(int, spec["reward"])
+                    )
+                session.add(
+                    Event(id=uuid4(), contract_address=contract_address, **spec)
+                )
+            await session.commit()
diff --git a/app/main.py b/app/main.py
index c3e958e..06fc546 100644
--- a/app/main.py
+++ b/app/main.py
@@ -8,10 +8,11 @@
 
 from app.application.router import router as application_router
 from app.auth.router import router as auth_router
+from app.blockchain.service_impl import BlockchainServiceImpl
 from app.core.config import settings
 from app.core.exceptions import AppException
-from app.db.seed import reset_and_seed
-from app.db.session import engine
+from app.db.seed import Seeder
+from app.db.session import AsyncSessionLocal, engine
 from app.event.router import router as event_router
 from app.s3.router import router as s3_router
 from app.store.router import router as store_router
@@ -20,7 +21,12 @@
 @asynccontextmanager
 async def lifespan(app: FastAPI) -> AsyncGenerator[None, None]:
     if settings.seed_db:
-        await reset_and_seed(engine)
+        blockchain = (
+            BlockchainServiceImpl()
+            if settings.blockchain_rpc_url and settings.server_private_key
+            else None
+        )
+        await Seeder(engine, AsyncSessionLocal, blockchain).run()
     yield
 
 
diff --git a/app/models/__init__.py b/app/models/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
diff --git a/app/models/email_verification.py b/app/models/email_verification.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 2aae3b4..0000000
--- a/app/models/email_verification.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-from app.auth.models import EmailVerification as EmailVerification  # noqa: F401
diff --git a/app/models/event.py b/app/models/event.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 0a5c23b..0000000
--- a/app/models/event.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-from app.event.models import Event as Event  # noqa: F401
diff --git a/app/models/user.py b/app/models/user.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 88f124d..0000000
--- a/app/models/user.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-from app.auth.models import User as User  # noqa: F401
diff --git a/tests/test_auth.py b/tests/test_auth.py
index 8f72d15..40fbc1a 100644
--- a/tests/test_auth.py
+++ b/tests/test_auth.py
@@ -3,9 +3,8 @@
 from sqlalchemy import select
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
 
+from app.auth.models import EmailVerification, User
 from app.core.security import create_refresh_token, verify_password
-from app.models.email_verification import EmailVerification
-from app.models.user import User
 from tests.conftest import auth_headers, create_user, create_verification