Port divide-by-constant magic number optimizations from `simple_preopt` to ISLE mid-end

[fitzgen]

This is the old simple preopt stuff for some number divided/remaindered by a non-power-of-two constant:

• https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/blob/main/cranelift/codegen/src/divconst_magic_numbers.rs#L41-L217

• https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/blob/main/cranelift/codegen/src/simple_preopt.rs#L206-L243

The ISLE + e-graphs mid-end work replaced simple_preopt, but never ported these magic constants over. We should port them over.

HOWEVER, right now we can't replace potentially-trapping instructions in ISLE, and we need that ability to do this.

[github-actions]

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[jameysharp]

Specifically, this depends on #5908.