diff --git a/camel/configs/__init__.py b/camel/configs/__init__.py
index 3bb65d0555..8a61dc168a 100644
--- a/camel/configs/__init__.py
+++ b/camel/configs/__init__.py
@@ -22,7 +22,10 @@
 from .cometapi_config import COMETAPI_API_PARAMS, CometAPIConfig
 from .crynux_config import CRYNUX_API_PARAMS, CrynuxConfig
 from .deepseek_config import DEEPSEEK_API_PARAMS, DeepSeekConfig
-from .function_gemma_config import FUNCTION_GEMMA_API_PARAMS, FunctionGemmaConfig
+from .function_gemma_config import (
+    FUNCTION_GEMMA_API_PARAMS,
+    FunctionGemmaConfig,
+)
 from .gemini_config import Gemini_API_PARAMS, GeminiConfig
 from .groq_config import GROQ_API_PARAMS, GroqConfig
 from .internlm_config import INTERNLM_API_PARAMS, InternLMConfig
diff --git a/camel/configs/function_gemma_config.py b/camel/configs/function_gemma_config.py
index 786c295d2f..1cba577a59 100644
--- a/camel/configs/function_gemma_config.py
+++ b/camel/configs/function_gemma_config.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# ========= Copyright 2023-2024 @ CAMEL-AI.org. All Rights Reserved. =========
+# ========= Copyright 2023-2025 @ CAMEL-AI.org. All Rights Reserved. =========
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 # You may obtain a copy of the License at
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
-# ========= Copyright 2023-2024 @ CAMEL-AI.org. All Rights Reserved. =========
+# ========= Copyright 2023-2025 @ CAMEL-AI.org. All Rights Reserved. =========
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import List, Optional
diff --git a/camel/models/function_gemma_model.py b/camel/models/function_gemma_model.py
index 3389a03bfc..1e4d331ec9 100644
--- a/camel/models/function_gemma_model.py
+++ b/camel/models/function_gemma_model.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# ========= Copyright 2023-2024 @ CAMEL-AI.org. All Rights Reserved. =========
+# ========= Copyright 2023-2025 @ CAMEL-AI.org. All Rights Reserved. =========
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 # You may obtain a copy of the License at
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
-# ========= Copyright 2023-2024 @ CAMEL-AI.org. All Rights Reserved. =========
+# ========= Copyright 2023-2025 @ CAMEL-AI.org. All Rights Reserved. =========
 import json
 import os
 import re
@@ -279,25 +279,25 @@ def _format_model_turn(self, message: OpenAIMessage) -> str:
             str: Formatted model turn.
         """
         content = message.get("content", "") or ""
-        tool_calls = message.get("tool_calls", [])
+        tool_calls = message.get("tool_calls")
 
         result = f"<start_of_turn>model\n{content}"
 
-        if tool_calls:
+        if tool_calls and isinstance(tool_calls, list):
             for tool_call in tool_calls:
                 func = tool_call.get("function", {})
                 func_name = func.get("name", "")
-                args = func.get("arguments", "{}")
-                if isinstance(args, str):
-                    args = json.loads(args)
+                args_raw = func.get("arguments", "{}")
+                if isinstance(args_raw, str):
+                    args: Dict[str, Any] = json.loads(args_raw)
+                else:
+                    args = dict(args_raw) if args_raw else {}
 
                 # format arguments
                 arg_parts = []
                 for key, value in sorted(args.items()):
                     if isinstance(value, str):
-                        arg_parts.append(
-                            f"{key}:{self._escape_string(value)}"
-                        )
+                        arg_parts.append(f"{key}:{self._escape_string(value)}")
                     else:
                         arg_parts.append(f"{key}:{json.dumps(value)}")
 
@@ -324,6 +324,8 @@ def _format_tool_response(self, message: OpenAIMessage) -> str:
 
         # try to parse content as json for structured response
         try:
+            if not isinstance(content, str):
+                content = str(content) if content else ""
             result_data = json.loads(content)
             # check if it's a dict (structured response)
             if isinstance(result_data, dict):
@@ -552,7 +554,7 @@ def _parse_function_args(self, args_str: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         Returns:
             Dict[str, Any]: Parsed arguments dictionary.
         """
-        args = {}
+        args: Dict[str, Any] = {}
         if not args_str:
             return args
 
@@ -567,7 +569,7 @@ def _parse_function_args(self, args_str: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
             char = args_str[i]
 
             # check for <escape> tag
-            if args_str[i:i+8] == "<escape>":
+            if args_str[i : i + 8] == "<escape>":
                 in_escape = not in_escape
                 i += 8
                 continue
@@ -627,7 +629,7 @@ def _parse_value(self, value: str) -> Any:
         # return as string
         return value
 
-    def _to_chat_completion(
+    def _to_chat_completion(  # type: ignore[override]
         self,
         response_text: str,
         model: str,