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软件开发方法.html
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<h1>软件开发方法</h1>
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<span><div><div><span style="font-size: 12pt;">结构化方法: 自顶向下，逐层分解，基本原则是功能的分解与抽象，特别适合</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">数据处理领域</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">的的问题，</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">不适合</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">处理大规模的、复杂项目 且难以适应需求的变化。</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 16px;">Jackson 方法：是一种面向</span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">数据结构</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">的开发方法。</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 16px;">原型方法:比较适合用户需求不清楚、需求经常变化。系统规模不大、不复杂时才采用此模型</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 16px;">面向对象方法:以对象作为最基本的元素。</span></div><div><br/></div><div><span style="font-size: 16px;">软件过程模型:</span></div><div>瀑布模型:以文档为驱动、适合于软件需求很明确的软件项目。</div><div>增量模型:第一个交付版本所需要的成本和时间很少，减少用户变更；</div><div>演化模型:是迭代过程模型，适合于对软件需求缺乏准确认识情况。（典型的演化模型 有 原型模型 和 螺旋模型）</div><div>螺旋模型:结合瀑布模型 和演化模型，强调风险分析，适合庞大、复杂且高风险系统</div><div>喷泉模型: 以对象为驱动，适合面向对象的开发方法。</div><div><br/></div><div>高质量文档:具有<span style="color: rgb(227, 0, 0);">针对性、精确性和完整性</span>等特性。即文档编制应考虑读者对象群；文档的行文应该<span style="color: rgb(227, 0, 0);">十分确切</span>，<span style="color: rgb(227, 0, 0);">不能出现多义性</span>的描述。任何文档都应该是<span style="color: rgb(227, 0, 0);">完整的，独立的，自成体系</span>。</div><div><br/></div><div><span style="font-size: 16pt; color: rgb(227, 0, 0);">*****</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">软件质量管理</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 14pt;">功能性：适应性、准确性、互用性、依从性、安全性</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 14pt;">可靠性：成熟性、容错性、易恢复性</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 14pt;">易使用性: 易理解性、易使用性、易学、易操作</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 14pt;">效率:时间特征、资源特征</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 14pt;">可维护性: 易分析性、易改变性、稳定性、易测试性：</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">描</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">述修改软件的难易程度</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 14pt;">可移植性：易安装、适应性、一致性、易替换</span></div><div><br/></div><div><span style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; cursor: pointer; word-break: break-all; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Arial, SimSun; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal;">软件评审的内容包括设计质量评审、程序质量评审和与运行环境接口的评审。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; cursor: pointer; word-break: break-all; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Arial, SimSun; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: bold;">评审的主要目标是为了发现软件中的错误</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Arial, SimSun;"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Arial, SimSun; font-weight: bold;">设计质量</span>:设计的规格说明书符合用户要求</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Arial, SimSun;"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Arial, SimSun; font-weight: bold;">程序质量</span>:程序按照设计规格说明所规定的情况正确执行</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Arial, SimSun; font-weight: bold;">软件规格说明书</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Arial, SimSun;">:分为外部和内部 。</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Arial, SimSun; font-weight: bold;"> 外部</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Arial, SimSun;"> 主要从用户角度来看的规格，包括硬件/软件系统设计、功能设计。 </span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Arial, SimSun; font-weight: bold;">内部</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Arial, SimSun;">说明书为了实现外部规格的更详细的规格，即 软件模块结构与模块处理过程的设计。 </span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: rgb(156, 0, 76); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Arial, SimSun;">设计质量</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Arial, SimSun;">由</span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: rgb(227, 0, 0); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Arial, SimSun;">外部</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Arial, SimSun;">规格说明书决定，</span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: rgb(227, 0, 0); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Arial, SimSun;">程序</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Arial, SimSun;">由</span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: rgb(227, 0, 0); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Arial, SimSun;">内部</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Arial, SimSun;">规格说明书决定</span></div><div><br/></div><div><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Arial, SimSun;">质量审评内容: </span></div><ol><li><div>评价软件的规格说明是否符合用户要求</div></li><li><div>评价<span style="color: rgb(227, 0, 0);">可靠性</span></div></li><li><div>评价保密措施实现情况</div></li><li><div>审评操作特性实施情况</div></li><li><div>审评性能实现情况</div></li><li><div>审评软件是否具有 可<span style="color: rgb(227, 0, 0);">修改性、可扩充性、可互换性和可移植性</span></div></li><li><div>审评软件是否具有可<span style="color: rgb(227, 0, 0);">测试性</span></div></li><li><div>审评软件是否具有<span style="color: rgb(227, 0, 0);">复用性</span></div></li></ol><div><br/></div></div><div><img src="软件开发方法_files/Image.png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/></div><div><br/></div></span>
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