@@ -3,78 +3,13 @@ @ARTICLE{Ancoli-Israel2003-jv
33 rhythms" ,
44 author = " Ancoli-Israel, Sonia and Cole, Roger and Alessi, Cathy and
55 Chambers, Mark and Moorcroft, William and Pollak, Charles P" ,
6- abstract = " In summary, although actigraphy is not as accurate as PSG for
7- determining some sleep measurements, studies are in general
8- agreement that actigraphy, with its ability to record
9- continuously for long time periods, is more reliable than sleep
10- logs which rely on the patients' recall of how many times they
11- woke up or how long they slept during the night and is more
12- reliable than observations which only capture short time periods.
13- Actigraphy can provide information obtainable in no other
14- practical way. It can also have a role in the medical care of
15- patients with sleep disorders. However, it should not be held to
16- the same expectations as polysomnography. Actigraphy is
17- one-dimensional, whereas polysomnography comprises at least 3
18- distinct types of data (EEG, EOG, EMG), which jointly determine
19- whether a person is asleep or awake. It is therefore doubtful
20- whether actigraphic data will ever be informationally equivalent
21- to the PSG, although progress on hardware and data processing
22- software is continuously being made. Although the 1995 practice
23- parameters paper determined that actigraphy was not appropriate
24- for the diagnosis of sleep disorders, more recent studies suggest
25- that for some disorders, actigraphy may be more practical than
26- PSG. While actigraphy is still not appropriate for the diagnosis
27- of sleep disordered breathing or of periodic limb movements in
28- sleep, it is highly appropriate for examining the sleep
29- variability (i.e., night-to-night variability) in patients with
30- insomnia. Actigraphy is also appropriate for the assessment of
31- and stability of treatment effects of anything from hypnotic
32- drugs to light treatment to CPAP, particularly if assessments are
33- done before and after the start of treatment. A recent
34- independent review of the actigraphy literature by Sadeh and
35- Acebo reached many of these same conclusions. Some of the
36- research studies failed to find relationships between sleep
37- measures and health-related symptoms. The interpretation of these
38- data is also not clear-cut. Is it that the actigraph is not
39- reliable enough to the access the relationship between sleep
40- changes and quality of life measures, or, is it that, in fact,
41- there is no relationship between sleep in that population and
42- quality of life measures? Other studies of sleep disordered
43- breathing, where actigraphy was not used and was not an outcome
44- measure also failed to find any relationship with quality of
45- life. Is it then the actigraph that is not reliable or that the
46- associations just do not exist? The one area where actigraphy can
47- be used for clinical diagnosis is in the evaluation of circadian
48- rhythm disorders. Actigraphy has been shown to be very good for
49- identifying rhythms. Results of actigraphic recordings correlate
50- well with measurements of melatonin and of core body temperature
51- rhythms. Activity records also show sleep disturbance when sleep
52- is attempted at an unfavorable phase of the circadian cycle.
53- Actigraphy therefore would be particularly good for aiding in the
54- diagnosis of delayed or advanced sleep phase syndrome,
55- non-24-hour-sleep syndrome and in the evaluation of sleep
56- disturbances in shift workers. It must be remembered, however,
57- that overt rest-activity rhythms are susceptible to various
58- masking effects, so they may not always show the underlying
59- rhythm of the endogenous circadian pacemaker. In conclusion, the
60- latest set of research articles suggest that in the clinical
61- setting, actigraphy is reliable for evaluating sleep patterns in
62- patients with insomnia, for studying the effect of treatments
63- designed to improve sleep, in the diagnosis of circadian rhythm
64- disorders (including shift work), and in evaluating sleep in
65- individuals who are less likely to tolerate PSG, such as infants
66- and demented elderly. While actigraphy has been used in research
67- studies for many years, up to now, methodological issues had not
68- been systematically addressed in clinical research and practice.
69- Those issues have now been addressed and actigraphy may now be
70- reaching the maturity needed for application in the clinical
71- arena." ,
726 journal = " Sleep"
737 volume = 26 ,
748 number = 3 ,
759 pages = " 342--392"
7610 month = may,
7711 year = 2003 ,
12+ doi = { 10.1093/sleep/26.3.342}
7813 language = " en"
7914}
8015
@@ -84,39 +19,14 @@ @ARTICLE{Acebo1999-wk
8419 measures?" ,
8520 author = " Acebo, C and Sadeh, A and Seifer, R and Tzischinsky, O and
8621 Wolfson, A R and Hafer, A and Carskadon, M A" ,
87- abstract = " STUDY OBJECTIVES: This study provides estimates of reliability
88- for aggregated values from 1 to 7 recording nights for five
89- commonly used actigraphic measures of sleep patterns,
90- reliability as a function of night type (weeknight or weekend
91- night), and stability of measures over several months. DESIGN
92- AND SETTING: Data are from three studies that obtained 7 nights
93- of actigraph data (using Mini Motionlogger actigraphs and
94- associated validated algorithms [ASA]) on children and
95- adolescents living at home on self-selected sleep-wake
96- schedules. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were 169 children aged
97- 12-60 months, and 55 adolescents aged 11-16 years. MEASUREMENTS
98- AND RESULTS: Up to 28\% of weekly recordings may be unacceptable
99- for analysis in young participants because of illness, technical
100- problems, and participant noncompliance; studies aiming to
101- collect 5 nights of actigraph data should record for at least 1
102- full week. Reliability estimates for values aggregated over any
103- 5 nights were adequate (> or = .70) for sleep start time, wake
104- minutes, and sleep efficiency. Measures of sleep minutes and
105- sleep period were less reliable and may require 7 or more nights
106- for estimates of stable individual differences. Reliability for
107- 1- or 2-night aggregates were poor for all measures. We found
108- significant and high correlations between summer and fall
109- session measures for all five variables when weekend nights were
110- included. CONCLUSIONS: Five or more nights of usable recordings
111- are required to obtain reliable actigraph measures of sleep for
112- children and adolescents." ,
11322 journal = " Sleep"
11423 publisher = " Oxford University Press (OUP)"
11524 volume = 22 ,
11625 number = 1 ,
11726 pages = " 95--103"
11827 month = feb,
11928 year = 1999 ,
29+ doi = { 10.1093/sleep/22.1.95}
12030 language = " en"
12131}
12232
@@ -125,39 +35,13 @@ @ARTICLE{Werner2008-ll
12535 children's sleep patterns" ,
12636 author = " Werner, Helene and Molinari, Luciano and Guyer, Caroline and
12737 Jenni, Oskar G" ,
128- abstract = " OBJECTIVES: To describe sleep-wake patterns in kindergarten
129- children by measures derived from questionnaire, diary, and
130- actigraphy and to report rates of agreement between methods
131- according to Bland and Altman. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study,
132- data from 7 nights of actigraph recordings and sleep diary and
133- from a questionnaire. SETTING: Children studied in their homes.
134- PARTICIPANTS: Fifty children, aged 4 to 7 years. MAIN OUTCOME
135- MEASURES: Sleep start, sleep end, assumed sleep, actual sleep
136- time, and nocturnal wake time derived from different methods.
137- RESULTS: Differences between actigraphy and diary were +/- 28
138- minutes for sleep start, +/- 24 minutes for sleep end, and +/- 32
139- minutes for assumed sleep, indicating satisfactory agreement
140- between methods, whereas for actual sleep time and nocturnal wake
141- time, agreement rates were not sufficient (+/- 106 minutes and
142- +/- 55 minutes, respectively). Agreement rates between actigraphy
143- and questionnaire as well as between diary and questionnaire were
144- insufficient for all variables. Sex and age of children and
145- socioeconomic status did not influence the differences between
146- methods for all variables. CONCLUSIONS: Actigraphy and diary may
147- be interchangeably used for the assessment of sleep start, sleep
148- end, and assumed sleep but not for nocturnal wake times. The
149- diary is a cost-effective and valid source of information about
150- children's sleep-schedule times, while actigraphy may provide
151- additional information about nocturnal wake times or may be used
152- if parents are unable to report in detail. It is insufficient to
153- collect information by a questionnaire or an interview asking
154- about children's normal sleep patterns." ,
15538 journal = " Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"
15639 volume = 162 ,
15740 number = 4 ,
15841 pages = " 350--358"
15942 month = apr,
16043 year = 2008 ,
44+ doi = { 10.1001/archpedi.162.4.350}
16145 language = " en"
16246}
16347
@@ -168,73 +52,24 @@ @MISC{Van_Hees2025-ct
16852 researchers investigating human daily physical activity and
16953 sleep." ,
17054 publisher = " Zenodo"
171- year = 2025
55+ year = 2024 ,
56+ doi = { 10.5281/zenodo.13643547}
17257}
17358
174- % The entry below contains non-ASCII chars that could not be converted
175- % to a LaTeX equivalent.
17659@ARTICLE {Smith2018-ji ,
17760 title = " Use of Actigraphy for the Evaluation of Sleep Disorders and
17861 Circadian Rhythm {Sleep-Wake} Disorders: An American Academy of
17962 Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline" ,
18063 author = " Smith, Michael T and McCrae, Christina S and Cheung, Joseph and
18164 Martin, Jennifer L and Harrod, Christopher G and Heald, Jonathan
18265 L and Carden, Kelly A" ,
183- abstract = " INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this guideline is to establish
184- clinical practice recommendations for the use of actigraphy in
185- adult and pediatric patients with suspected or diagnosed sleep
186- disorders or circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders. METHODS: The
187- American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) commissioned a task
188- force of experts in sleep medicine to develop recommendations and
189- assigned strengths based on a systematic review of the literature
190- and an assessment of the evidence using the GRADE process. The
191- task force provided a summary of the relevant literature and the
192- quality of evidence, the balance of benefits and harms, patient
193- values and preferences, and resource use considerations that
194- support the recommendations. The AASM Board of Directors approved
195- the final recommendations. RECOMMENDATIONS: The following
196- recommendations are intended as a guide for clinicians using
197- actigraphy in evaluating patients with sleep disorders and
198- circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, and only apply to the use
199- of FDA-approved devices. Each recommendation statement is
200- assigned a strength (``Strong'' or ``Conditional''). A ``Strong''
201- recommendation (ie, ``We recommend…'') is one that clinicians
202- should follow under most circumstances. A ``Conditional''
203- recommendation (ie, ``We suggest…'') reflects a lower degree of
204- certainty regarding the outcome and appropriateness of the
205- patient-care strategy for all patients. The ultimate judgment
206- regarding any specific care must be made by the treating
207- clinician and the patient, taking into consideration the
208- individual circumstances of the patient, available treatment
209- options, and resources. We suggest that clinicians use actigraphy
210- to estimate sleep parameters in adult patients with insomnia
211- disorder. (Conditional). We suggest that clinicians use
212- actigraphy in the assessment of pediatric patients with insomnia
213- disorder. (Conditional). We suggest that clinicians use
214- actigraphy in the assessment of adult patients with circadian
215- rhythm sleep-wake disorder. (Conditional). We suggest that
216- clinicians use actigraphy in the assessment of pediatric patients
217- with circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder. (Conditional). We
218- suggest that clinicians use actigraphy integrated with home sleep
219- apnea test devices to estimate total sleep time during recording
220- (in the absence of alternative objective measurements of total
221- sleep time) in adult patients suspected of sleep-disordered
222- breathing. (Conditional). We suggest that clinicians use
223- actigraphy to monitor total sleep time prior to testing with the
224- Multiple Sleep Latency Test in adult and pediatric patients with
225- suspected central disorders of hypersomnolence. (Conditional). We
226- suggest that clinicians use actigraphy to estimate total sleep
227- time in adult patients with suspected insufficient sleep
228- syndrome. (Conditional). We recommend that clinicians use
229- actigraphy in place of electromyography for the diagnosis of
230- periodic limb movement disorder in adult and pediatric patients.
231- (Strong)." ,
23266 journal = " J Clin Sleep Med"
23367 volume = 14 ,
23468 number = 7 ,
23569 pages = " 1231--1237"
23670 month = jul,
23771 year = 2018 ,
72+ doi = { 10.5664/jcsm.7230}
23873 keywords = " actigraphy; circadian rhythm; clinical practice guideline; sleep
23974 disorder" ,
24075 language = " en"
@@ -244,71 +79,25 @@ @ARTICLE{Tetreault2018-lq
24479 title = " Actigraphy data in pediatric research: the role of sleep diaries"
24580 author = " T{\'e}treault, {\'E}milie and B{\'e}langer, Marie-{\`E}ve and
24681 Bernier, Annie and Carrier, Julie" ,
247- abstract = " BACKGROUND: When assessing children's sleep using actigraphy,
248- researchers usually rely on a sleep diary completed by a parent
249- as an aid in scoring actigraphic data. However, parental
250- nonadherence in completing the sleep diary may significantly
251- reduce the amount of available data. The current study examined
252- the agreement between actigraphic data scored with and without a
253- sleep diary to evaluate the impact of not using a sleep diary
254- when studying children's sleep with actigraphy. METHODS: Sixty
255- children (aged 6-10 years; 36 girls) wore an actigraph for three
256- to seven consecutive nights, and mothers were asked to complete a
257- diary of their child's sleep during the same period. Actigraphy
258- data were scored under two conditions (with and without diary)
259- rated independently for each child by two different research
260- assistants, who each scored 50\% of the files in each condition.
261- RESULTS: Group-level analyses and intraclass correlations
262- revealed very strong convergence between the two scoring
263- conditions: on all sleep variables (sleep duration, wake
264- duration, and sleep efficiency), average mean differences were
265- very small and intraclass correlations very high. Bland and
266- Altman's (1999) approach allowed for a child-by-child examination
267- of agreement between the two conditions and revealed that,
268- although they cannot be considered interchangeable, the two
269- conditions produce quite minimal differences in the estimation of
270- sleep variables. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that it is
271- possible to use some actigraphy data for which no corresponding
272- diary data are available, although this approach should be used
273- sparingly." ,
27482 journal = " Sleep Med."
27583 volume = 47 ,
27684 pages = " 86--92"
27785 month = jul,
27886 year = 2018 ,
87+ doi = { 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.1144}
27988 keywords = " Actigraphy; Children; Scoring; Sleep; Sleep diary"
28089 language = " en"
28190}
28291
28392@ARTICLE {Sadeh2002-ni ,
28493 title = " The role of actigraphy in sleep medicine"
28594 author = " Sadeh, Avi and Acebo, Christine"
286- abstract = " During the last decade actigraphy (activity-based monitoring) has
287- become an essential tool in sleep research and sleep medicine.
288- The validity, reliability and limitations of actigraphy for
289- documenting sleep-wake patterns have been addressed. Normative
290- data on sleep-wake patterns across development have been
291- collected. Multiple studies have documented the adequacy of
292- actigraphy to distinguish between clinical groups and to identify
293- certain sleep-wake disorders. Actigraphy has also been shown to
294- be effective in documenting the effects of various behavioral and
295- medical interventions on sleep-wake patterns. Actigraphy is less
296- useful for documenting sleep-wake in individuals who have long
297- motionless periods of wakefulness (e.g. insomnia patients) or who
298- have disorders that involve altered motility patterns (e.g. sleep
299- apnea). Potential users should be aware of a number of pitfalls
300- of actigraphy: (1) validity has not been established for all
301- scoring algorithms or devices, or for all clinical groups; (2)
302- actigraphy is not sufficient for diagnosis of sleep disorders in
303- individuals with motor disorders or high motility during sleep;
304- (3) the use of computer scoring algorithms without controlling
305- for potential artifacts can lead to inaccurate and misleading
306- results." ,
30795 journal = " Sleep Med Rev"
30896 volume = 6 ,
30997 number = 2 ,
31098 pages = " 113--124"
31199 month = apr,
312100 year = 2002 ,
101+ doi = { 10.1053/smrv.2001.0182}
313102 language = " en"
314103}
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