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RW612 USB PHY Fix - Implementation Guide

Problem Identified

The RW612 TinyUSB implementation is missing USB PHY initialization, causing Windows 10 to not detect the device at all when plugged in.

Root Cause: hw/bsp/rw612/family.c only enables the USB controller clock but does not initialize the USB PHY registers needed for USB communication.

Solution: Add USB PHY Initialization

Step 1: Get NXP SDK USB Example

The RW612 USB PHY requires NXP-specific initialization. Download the reference code:

  1. Go to: https://mcuxpresso.nxp.com/
  2. Search for: "RW612 SDK"
  3. Download: SDK for RW612
  4. Find example: boards/frdmrw612/usb_examples/usb_device_cdc_vcom
  5. Locate: USB PHY init code in board.c or usb_device_config.c

Look for code that:

  • Initializes USB clocks
  • Configures USB PHY registers
  • Enables USB VBUS detection
  • Sets up USB D+/D- pins

Step 2: Identify Required Initialization

From the NXP SDK example, you should find something similar to:

// Example pattern from NXP SDK (adapt to actual RW612 API)
void USB_DeviceClockInit(void)
{
    // Enable USB clock from reference clock
    CLOCK_AttachClk(kXTAL_to_USB_CLK);      // Attach 40MHz XTAL to USB
    CLOCK_SetClkDiv(kCLOCK_DivUsbClk, 1U);  // USB clock divider

    // Enable USB controller clock
    CLOCK_EnableClock(kCLOCK_Usb);

    // Reset USB controller
    RESET_PeripheralReset(kUSB_RST_SHIFT_RSTn);
}

void USB_DevicePhyInit(void)
{
    // These register names are EXAMPLES - check actual RW612 definitions
    // RW612 may use USBPHY or USB_ANALOG peripheral

    // Power on USB PHY
    USB_ANALOG->PWD &= ~USB_ANALOG_PWD_RXPWDRX_MASK;
    USB_ANALOG->PWD &= ~USB_ANALOG_PWD_TXPWDFS_MASK;

    // Enable USB PHY
    USB_ANALOG->CTRL &= ~USB_ANALOG_CTRL_SFTRST_MASK;
    USB_ANALOG->CTRL &= ~USB_ANALOG_CTRL_CLKGATE_MASK;

    // Configure USB transceiver
    // ... additional PHY configuration ...
}

Key APIs to look for:

  • USB_DeviceClockInit()
  • USB_DevicePhyInit()
  • BOARD_USB0_Init() or similar
  • Register accesses to USBPHY or USB_ANALOG

Step 3: Modify TinyUSB Board Files

File 1: hw/bsp/rw612/boards/frdm_rw612/board.h

Add USB clock initialization function:

// Add after board_uart_init_clock() function (around line 55)

// USB PHY clock initialization
static inline void board_usb_phy_init_clock(void) {
  // TODO: Add USB clock configuration from NXP SDK
  // Example (adapt to actual RW612 API):
  // CLOCK_AttachClk(kXTAL_to_USB_CLK);
  // CLOCK_SetClkDiv(kCLOCK_DivUsbClk, 1U);
}

File 2: hw/bsp/rw612/family.c

Replace the USB initialization in board_init():

Current code (lines 86-91):

  // USB Controller Initialization for RW612
  // USB clock is configured by BOARD_BootClockRUN()
  // Just enable the clock gate and reset the peripheral
  CLOCK_EnableClock(kCLOCK_Usb);
  RESET_PeripheralReset(kUSB_RST_SHIFT_RSTn);

Replace with:

  // USB Controller and PHY Initialization for RW612
  board_usb_phy_init_clock();  // Initialize USB clocks
  CLOCK_EnableClock(kCLOCK_Usb);
  RESET_PeripheralReset(kUSB_RST_SHIFT_RSTn);

  // TODO: Add USB PHY initialization from NXP SDK
  // Example (adapt to actual RW612 registers):
  // USB_ANALOG->PWD = 0;  // Power on USB PHY
  // USB_ANALOG->CTRL |= USB_ANALOG_CTRL_ENAUTOCLR_MASK;  // Enable auto-clear
  // Additional PHY configuration as per NXP SDK...

Step 4: Alternative - Use NXP SDK USB Init Function Directly

If NXP SDK provides a ready-to-use USB init function:

Option A: Link NXP SDK USB Driver

  1. Copy NXP SDK USB initialization files to hw/bsp/rw612/

  2. Add to family.cmake or family.mk:

    target_sources(${BOARD_TARGET} PRIVATE
  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/usb_device_dci.c  # NXP USB driver
  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/usb_phy_init.c    # USB PHY init
)

  3. Call NXP init function in family.c:

    #include "usb_device_config.h"  // From NXP SDK

void board_init(void) {
  // ... existing init ...

  // USB initialization from NXP SDK
  USB_DeviceClockInit();
  USB_DevicePhyInit();
}

Step 5: Minimal Manual Fix (If SDK Not Available)

If you can't access NXP SDK, here's a minimal template based on common NXP USB PHY patterns:

Add to hw/bsp/rw612/family.c:

#include "fsl_device_registers.h"

// USB PHY initialization (adapt register names for RW612)
static void init_usb_phy_rw612(void) {
  // Note: These are EXAMPLE register names - verify against RW612 reference manual!

  // Option 1: If RW612 has USB_ANALOG peripheral (like iMXRT)
  #ifdef USB_ANALOG
    // Power on USB PHY
    USB_ANALOG->PWD = 0;  // Clear all power-down bits

    // Enable USB PHY
    USB_ANALOG->CTRL |= (1 << 30);  // ENAUTOCLR_PHY_PWD
    USB_ANALOG->CTRL &= ~((1 << 31) | (1 << 30));  // Clear SFTRST and CLKGATE
  #endif

  // Option 2: If RW612 has USBPHY peripheral (like some Kinetis)
  #ifdef USBPHY
    // Power on USB PHY
    USBPHY->PWD = 0;

    // Enable LS/FS support
    USBPHY->CTRL_SET = USBPHY_CTRL_ENUTMILEVEL2_MASK | USBPHY_CTRL_ENUTMILEVEL3_MASK;
  #endif

  // Option 3: If USB PHY is integrated and needs minimal setup
  // May only need clock enable (already done above)
}

void board_init(void) {
  BOARD_InitPins();
  BOARD_BootClockRUN();

#if CFG_TUSB_OS == OPT_OS_NONE
  SysTick_Config(SystemCoreClock / 1000);
#elif CFG_TUSB_OS == OPT_OS_FREERTOS
  NVIC_SetPriority(USB_IRQn, configLIBRARY_MAX_SYSCALL_INTERRUPT_PRIORITY);
#endif

  // LED
  CLOCK_EnableClock(LED_CLK);
  gpio_pin_config_t led_config = {kGPIO_DigitalOutput, 0};
  GPIO_PinInit(LED_GPIO, 0, LED_PIN, &led_config);
  board_led_write(0);

  // Button
#ifdef BUTTON_GPIO
  CLOCK_EnableClock(BUTTON_CLK);
  gpio_pin_config_t const button_config = {kGPIO_DigitalInput, 0};
  GPIO_PinInit(BUTTON_GPIO, 0, BUTTON_PIN, &button_config);
#endif

#ifdef UART_DEV
  board_uart_init_clock();
  usart_config_t uart_config;
  USART_GetDefaultConfig(&uart_config);
  uart_config.baudRate_Bps = CFG_BOARD_UART_BAUDRATE;
  uart_config.enableTx = true;
  uart_config.enableRx = true;
  USART_Init(UART_DEV, &uart_config, CLOCK_GetFlexCommClkFreq(UART_FLEXCOMM_INST));
#endif

  // USB Controller and PHY Initialization
  CLOCK_EnableClock(kCLOCK_Usb);
  RESET_PeripheralReset(kUSB_RST_SHIFT_RSTn);

  // Initialize USB PHY
  init_usb_phy_rw612();
}

Step 6: Check USB Pin Mux (If Needed)

RW612 likely has internal USB D+/D- routing, but verify:

  1. Check RW612 schematic for USB pins
  2. If USB pins are exposed on package, add to pin_mux.c:
void BOARD_InitPins(void) {
  // ... existing pins ...

  // USB pins (if external)
  // IO_MUX_SetPinMux(IO_MUX_USB_DP);  // USB D+
  // IO_MUX_SetPinMux(IO_MUX_USB_DM);  // USB D-
}

Most likely, USB is internal and doesn't need pin mux.

Step 7: Build and Test

Build:

cd examples/device/net_lwip_webserver
make BOARD=frdm_rw612 clean
make BOARD=frdm_rw612 -j8

Flash:

make BOARD=frdm_rw612 flash-jlink

Test:

  1. Plug USB cable into Windows 10 PC
  2. Check Device Manager → "Ports & Devices"
  3. Should see:
    • Best case: "USB Ethernet/RNDIS Gadget" under Network Adapters
    • Progress: "Unknown USB Device" (descriptor issue, but PHY works!)
    • Fail: Nothing appears (USB PHY still not working)

Debug with Serial Console:

# Monitor debug output
picocom /dev/ttyACM0 -b 115200

Look for:

USB NCM network interface initialized

Step 8: Further Debugging

If device still not detected:

Check USB with Oscilloscope/Logic Analyzer:

  • USB D+ should have 1.5kΩ pull-up to 3.3V (Full-Speed device)
  • D+ voltage: Should be ~3.3V when connected
  • D- voltage: Should be ~0V when connected
  • On reset: Host drives both D+/D- low for 10ms

Check USB Registers:

Add debug output in family.c:

void board_init(void) {
  // ... USB init ...

  // Debug: Check USB controller registers
  printf("USB USBCMD: 0x%08lX\n", USBOTG->USBCMD);
  printf("USB PORTSC1: 0x%08lX\n", USBOTG->PORTSC1);
  printf("USB USBSTS: 0x%08lX\n", USBOTG->USBSTS);
}

Expected values:

  • PORTSC1 should show PHY enabled and connected
  • USBSTS should show USB reset after connecting

Common USB PHY Registers (Reference)

Power-Down Register (PWD)

USB_ANALOG->PWD = 0;  // Power on everything
// or selectively:
USB_ANALOG->PWD &= ~(USB_ANALOG_PWD_RXPWDRX_MASK |
                      USB_ANALOG_PWD_RXPWDFS_MASK |
                      USB_ANALOG_PWD_TXPWDFS_MASK |
                      USB_ANALOG_PWD_TXPWDV2I_MASK);

Control Register (CTRL)

// Enable auto-clear of PWD bits
USB_ANALOG->CTRL |= USB_ANALOG_CTRL_ENAUTOCLR_MASK;

// Take PHY out of reset
USB_ANALOG->CTRL &= ~USB_ANALOG_CTRL_SFTRST_MASK;

// Enable PHY clock
USB_ANALOG->CTRL &= ~USB_ANALOG_CTRL_CLKGATE_MASK;

TX Register (Optional - for signal quality)

// D+/D- calibration (typical values)
USB_ANALOG->TX = (USB_ANALOG->TX & ~USB_ANALOG_TX_D_CAL_MASK) |
                  USB_ANALOG_TX_D_CAL(0x0C);

Quick Reference: Where to Find NXP Examples

MCUXpresso SDK:

  1. Download from: https://mcuxpresso.nxp.com/
  2. Board: FRDM-RW612
  3. Examples to check:
    • usb_examples/usb_device_cdc_vcom
    • usb_examples/usb_device_hid_mouse
    • demo_apps/hello_world (may have USB init)

Files to examine:

  • boards/frdmrw612/usb_examples/*/board.c
  • boards/frdmrw612/usb_examples/*/usb_device_config.c
  • middleware/usb/device/usb_device_dci.c
  • devices/RW612/drivers/fsl_clock.h (for clock APIs)

Search for:

  • USB_DeviceClockInit
  • USB_DevicePhyInit
  • USBPHY-> or USB_ANALOG->
  • kCLOCK_Usb or kUSB_

Expected Result After Fix

✅ Windows 10 should:

  • Detect "USB Ethernet/RNDIS Gadget" automatically
  • Auto-install WINNCM driver (for NCM)
  • Show network adapter in Device Manager

✅ You should be able to:

ping 192.168.7.1
curl http://192.168.7.1

Summary Checklist

  • Download NXP RW612 SDK
  • Find USB PHY init code in SDK examples
  • Add board_usb_phy_init_clock() to board.h
  • Add USB PHY initialization to family.c board_init()
  • Build and test
  • Verify USB enumeration on Windows 10
  • Test network connectivity (ping/curl)

Need Help?

Analysis Document: See RW612_USB_PHY_ISSUE_ANALYSIS.md for detailed root cause analysis.

Last Updated: 2025-11-16 Issue: RW612 USB not detected on Windows 10 Status: Fix implementation required (USB PHY init missing)