diff --git a/cwlprov/prov.py b/cwlprov/prov.py
index a1099f7..430c59e 100644
--- a/cwlprov/prov.py
+++ b/cwlprov/prov.py
@@ -55,12 +55,13 @@
     ProvSpecialization,
     ProvStart,
     ProvUsage,
-    QualifiedNameCandidate,
 )
 
 from .utils import first, prov_type
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from prov.model import QualifiedNameCandidate
+
     from .ro import ResearchObject
 
 CWLPROV = Namespace("cwlprov", "https://w3id.org/cwl/prov#")
@@ -225,10 +226,10 @@ def __repr__(self) -> str:
     def __str__(self) -> str:
         return self.record.get_provn()
 
-    def _prov_attr(self, attr: QualifiedNameCandidate) -> Optional[QualifiedName]:
+    def _prov_attr(self, attr: "QualifiedNameCandidate") -> Optional[QualifiedName]:
         return first(self._prov_attrs(attr))
 
-    def _prov_attrs(self, attr: QualifiedNameCandidate) -> set[QualifiedName]:
+    def _prov_attrs(self, attr: "QualifiedNameCandidate") -> set[QualifiedName]:
         return self.record.get_attribute(attr)
 
 
diff --git a/mypy-stubs/prov/__init__.pyi b/mypy-stubs/prov/__init__.pyi
index 64d4e8d..3f8d5df 100644
--- a/mypy-stubs/prov/__init__.pyi
+++ b/mypy-stubs/prov/__init__.pyi
@@ -1,13 +1,8 @@
-import os
-from prov.model import ProvDocument
-
-__all__ = ["Error", "model", "read"]
+from _typeshed import Incomplete
 
 class Error(Exception): ...
 
-def read(
-    source: str | bytes | os.PathLike[str], format: str | None = None
-) -> ProvDocument | None: ...
+# def read(source, format: Incomplete | None = ...): ...
 
 # Names in __all__ with no definition:
 #   model
diff --git a/mypy-stubs/prov/constants.py b/mypy-stubs/prov/constants.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e414b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mypy-stubs/prov/constants.py
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+from prov.identifier import Namespace
+
+__author__ = "Trung Dong Huynh"
+__email__ = "trungdong@donggiang.com"
+
+
+XSD = Namespace("xsd", "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#")
+PROV = Namespace("prov", "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#")
+XSI = Namespace("xsi", "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance")
+
+#  C1. Entities/Activities
+PROV_ENTITY = PROV["Entity"]
+PROV_ACTIVITY = PROV["Activity"]
+PROV_GENERATION = PROV["Generation"]
+PROV_USAGE = PROV["Usage"]
+PROV_COMMUNICATION = PROV["Communication"]
+PROV_START = PROV["Start"]
+PROV_END = PROV["End"]
+PROV_INVALIDATION = PROV["Invalidation"]
+
+#  C2. Derivations
+PROV_DERIVATION = PROV["Derivation"]
+
+#  C3. Agents/Responsibility
+PROV_AGENT = PROV["Agent"]
+PROV_ATTRIBUTION = PROV["Attribution"]
+PROV_ASSOCIATION = PROV["Association"]
+PROV_DELEGATION = PROV["Delegation"]
+PROV_INFLUENCE = PROV["Influence"]
+#  C4. Bundles
+PROV_BUNDLE = PROV["Bundle"]
+#  C5. Alternate
+PROV_ALTERNATE = PROV["Alternate"]
+PROV_SPECIALIZATION = PROV["Specialization"]
+PROV_MENTION = PROV["Mention"]
+#  C6. Collections
+PROV_MEMBERSHIP = PROV["Membership"]
+
+PROV_N_MAP = {
+    PROV_ENTITY: "entity",
+    PROV_ACTIVITY: "activity",
+    PROV_GENERATION: "wasGeneratedBy",
+    PROV_USAGE: "used",
+    PROV_COMMUNICATION: "wasInformedBy",
+    PROV_START: "wasStartedBy",
+    PROV_END: "wasEndedBy",
+    PROV_INVALIDATION: "wasInvalidatedBy",
+    PROV_DERIVATION: "wasDerivedFrom",
+    PROV_AGENT: "agent",
+    PROV_ATTRIBUTION: "wasAttributedTo",
+    PROV_ASSOCIATION: "wasAssociatedWith",
+    PROV_DELEGATION: "actedOnBehalfOf",
+    PROV_INFLUENCE: "wasInfluencedBy",
+    PROV_ALTERNATE: "alternateOf",
+    PROV_SPECIALIZATION: "specializationOf",
+    PROV_MENTION: "mentionOf",
+    PROV_MEMBERSHIP: "hadMember",
+    PROV_BUNDLE: "bundle",
+}
+
+# Records defined as subtypes in PROV-N but top level types in for example
+# PROV XML also need a mapping.
+ADDITIONAL_N_MAP = {
+    PROV["Revision"]: "wasRevisionOf",
+    PROV["Quotation"]: "wasQuotedFrom",
+    PROV["PrimarySource"]: "hadPrimarySource",
+    PROV["SoftwareAgent"]: "softwareAgent",
+    PROV["Person"]: "person",
+    PROV["Organization"]: "organization",
+    PROV["Plan"]: "plan",
+    PROV["Collection"]: "collection",
+    PROV["EmptyCollection"]: "emptyCollection",
+}
+
+# Maps qualified names from the PROV namespace to their base class. If it
+# has no baseclass it maps to itsself. This is needed for example for PROV
+# XML (de)serializer where extended types are used a lot.
+PROV_BASE_CLS = {
+    PROV_ENTITY: PROV_ENTITY,
+    PROV_ACTIVITY: PROV_ACTIVITY,
+    PROV_GENERATION: PROV_GENERATION,
+    PROV_USAGE: PROV_USAGE,
+    PROV_COMMUNICATION: PROV_COMMUNICATION,
+    PROV_START: PROV_START,
+    PROV_END: PROV_END,
+    PROV_INVALIDATION: PROV_INVALIDATION,
+    PROV_DERIVATION: PROV_DERIVATION,
+    PROV["Revision"]: PROV_DERIVATION,
+    PROV["Quotation"]: PROV_DERIVATION,
+    PROV["PrimarySource"]: PROV_DERIVATION,
+    PROV_AGENT: PROV_AGENT,
+    PROV["SoftwareAgent"]: PROV_AGENT,
+    PROV["Person"]: PROV_AGENT,
+    PROV["Organization"]: PROV_AGENT,
+    PROV_ATTRIBUTION: PROV_ATTRIBUTION,
+    PROV_ASSOCIATION: PROV_ASSOCIATION,
+    PROV["Plan"]: PROV_ENTITY,
+    PROV_DELEGATION: PROV_DELEGATION,
+    PROV_INFLUENCE: PROV_INFLUENCE,
+    PROV_ALTERNATE: PROV_ALTERNATE,
+    PROV_SPECIALIZATION: PROV_SPECIALIZATION,
+    PROV_MENTION: PROV_MENTION,
+    PROV["Collection"]: PROV_ENTITY,
+    PROV["EmptyCollection"]: PROV_ENTITY,
+    PROV_MEMBERSHIP: PROV_MEMBERSHIP,
+    PROV_BUNDLE: PROV_ENTITY,
+}
+
+# Identifiers for PROV's attributes
+PROV_ATTR_ENTITY = PROV["entity"]
+PROV_ATTR_ACTIVITY = PROV["activity"]
+PROV_ATTR_TRIGGER = PROV["trigger"]
+PROV_ATTR_INFORMED = PROV["informed"]
+PROV_ATTR_INFORMANT = PROV["informant"]
+PROV_ATTR_STARTER = PROV["starter"]
+PROV_ATTR_ENDER = PROV["ender"]
+PROV_ATTR_AGENT = PROV["agent"]
+PROV_ATTR_PLAN = PROV["plan"]
+PROV_ATTR_DELEGATE = PROV["delegate"]
+PROV_ATTR_RESPONSIBLE = PROV["responsible"]
+PROV_ATTR_GENERATED_ENTITY = PROV["generatedEntity"]
+PROV_ATTR_USED_ENTITY = PROV["usedEntity"]
+PROV_ATTR_GENERATION = PROV["generation"]
+PROV_ATTR_USAGE = PROV["usage"]
+PROV_ATTR_SPECIFIC_ENTITY = PROV["specificEntity"]
+PROV_ATTR_GENERAL_ENTITY = PROV["generalEntity"]
+PROV_ATTR_ALTERNATE1 = PROV["alternate1"]
+PROV_ATTR_ALTERNATE2 = PROV["alternate2"]
+PROV_ATTR_BUNDLE = PROV["bundle"]
+PROV_ATTR_INFLUENCEE = PROV["influencee"]
+PROV_ATTR_INFLUENCER = PROV["influencer"]
+PROV_ATTR_COLLECTION = PROV["collection"]
+
+#  Literal properties
+PROV_ATTR_TIME = PROV["time"]
+PROV_ATTR_STARTTIME = PROV["startTime"]
+PROV_ATTR_ENDTIME = PROV["endTime"]
+
+
+PROV_ATTRIBUTE_QNAMES = {
+    PROV_ATTR_ENTITY,
+    PROV_ATTR_ACTIVITY,
+    PROV_ATTR_TRIGGER,
+    PROV_ATTR_INFORMED,
+    PROV_ATTR_INFORMANT,
+    PROV_ATTR_STARTER,
+    PROV_ATTR_ENDER,
+    PROV_ATTR_AGENT,
+    PROV_ATTR_PLAN,
+    PROV_ATTR_DELEGATE,
+    PROV_ATTR_RESPONSIBLE,
+    PROV_ATTR_GENERATED_ENTITY,
+    PROV_ATTR_USED_ENTITY,
+    PROV_ATTR_GENERATION,
+    PROV_ATTR_USAGE,
+    PROV_ATTR_SPECIFIC_ENTITY,
+    PROV_ATTR_GENERAL_ENTITY,
+    PROV_ATTR_ALTERNATE1,
+    PROV_ATTR_ALTERNATE2,
+    PROV_ATTR_BUNDLE,
+    PROV_ATTR_INFLUENCEE,
+    PROV_ATTR_INFLUENCER,
+    PROV_ATTR_COLLECTION,
+}
+PROV_ATTRIBUTE_LITERALS = {PROV_ATTR_TIME, PROV_ATTR_STARTTIME, PROV_ATTR_ENDTIME}
+
+# Set of formal attributes of PROV records
+PROV_ATTRIBUTES = PROV_ATTRIBUTE_QNAMES | PROV_ATTRIBUTE_LITERALS
+PROV_RECORD_ATTRIBUTES = list((attr, str(attr)) for attr in PROV_ATTRIBUTES)
+
+PROV_RECORD_IDS_MAP = {
+    PROV_N_MAP[rec_type_id]: rec_type_id for rec_type_id in PROV_N_MAP
+}
+PROV_ID_ATTRIBUTES_MAP = {
+    prov_id: attribute for (prov_id, attribute) in PROV_RECORD_ATTRIBUTES
+}
+PROV_ATTRIBUTES_ID_MAP = {
+    attribute: prov_id for (prov_id, attribute) in PROV_RECORD_ATTRIBUTES
+}
+
+# Extra definition for convenience
+PROV_TYPE = PROV["type"]
+PROV_LABEL = PROV["label"]
+PROV_VALUE = PROV["value"]
+PROV_LOCATION = PROV["location"]
+PROV_ROLE = PROV["role"]
+
+PROV_QUALIFIEDNAME = PROV["QUALIFIED_NAME"]
+
+# XSD DATA TYPES
+XSD_ANYURI = XSD["anyURI"]
+XSD_QNAME = XSD["QName"]
+XSD_DATETIME = XSD["dateTime"]
+XSD_TIME = XSD["time"]
+XSD_DATE = XSD["date"]
+XSD_STRING = XSD["string"]
+XSD_BOOLEAN = XSD["boolean"]
+# All XSD Integer types
+XSD_INTEGER = XSD["integer"]
+XSD_LONG = XSD["long"]
+XSD_INT = XSD["int"]
+XSD_SHORT = XSD["short"]
+XSD_BYTE = XSD["byte"]
+XSD_NONNEGATIVEINTEGER = XSD["nonNegativeInteger"]
+XSD_UNSIGNEDLONG = XSD["unsignedLong"]
+XSD_UNSIGNEDINT = XSD["unsignedInt"]
+XSD_UNSIGNEDSHORT = XSD["unsignedShort"]
+XSD_UNSIGNEDBYTE = XSD["unsignedByte"]
+XSD_POSITIVEINTEGER = XSD["positiveInteger"]
+XSD_NONPOSITIVEINTEGER = XSD["nonPositiveInteger"]
+XSD_NEGATIVEINTEGER = XSD["negativeInteger"]
+# All XSD real number types
+XSD_FLOAT = XSD["float"]
+XSD_DOUBLE = XSD["double"]
+XSD_DECIMAL = XSD["decimal"]
diff --git a/mypy-stubs/prov/constants.pyi b/mypy-stubs/prov/constants.pyi
deleted file mode 100644
index 33bb311..0000000
--- a/mypy-stubs/prov/constants.pyi
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-from _typeshed import Incomplete
-from prov.identifier import Namespace as Namespace
-
-XSD: Incomplete
-PROV: Incomplete
-XSI: Incomplete
-PROV_ENTITY: Incomplete
-PROV_ACTIVITY: Incomplete
-PROV_GENERATION: Incomplete
-PROV_USAGE: Incomplete
-PROV_COMMUNICATION: Incomplete
-PROV_START: Incomplete
-PROV_END: Incomplete
-PROV_INVALIDATION: Incomplete
-PROV_DERIVATION: Incomplete
-PROV_AGENT: Incomplete
-PROV_ATTRIBUTION: Incomplete
-PROV_ASSOCIATION: Incomplete
-PROV_DELEGATION: Incomplete
-PROV_INFLUENCE: Incomplete
-PROV_BUNDLE: Incomplete
-PROV_ALTERNATE: Incomplete
-PROV_SPECIALIZATION: Incomplete
-PROV_MENTION: Incomplete
-PROV_MEMBERSHIP: Incomplete
-PROV_N_MAP: Incomplete
-ADDITIONAL_N_MAP: Incomplete
-PROV_BASE_CLS: Incomplete
-PROV_ATTR_ENTITY: Incomplete
-PROV_ATTR_ACTIVITY: Incomplete
-PROV_ATTR_TRIGGER: Incomplete
-PROV_ATTR_INFORMED: Incomplete
-PROV_ATTR_INFORMANT: Incomplete
-PROV_ATTR_STARTER: Incomplete
-PROV_ATTR_ENDER: Incomplete
-PROV_ATTR_AGENT: Incomplete
-PROV_ATTR_PLAN: Incomplete
-PROV_ATTR_DELEGATE: Incomplete
-PROV_ATTR_RESPONSIBLE: Incomplete
-PROV_ATTR_GENERATED_ENTITY: Incomplete
-PROV_ATTR_USED_ENTITY: Incomplete
-PROV_ATTR_GENERATION: Incomplete
-PROV_ATTR_USAGE: Incomplete
-PROV_ATTR_SPECIFIC_ENTITY: Incomplete
-PROV_ATTR_GENERAL_ENTITY: Incomplete
-PROV_ATTR_ALTERNATE1: Incomplete
-PROV_ATTR_ALTERNATE2: Incomplete
-PROV_ATTR_BUNDLE: Incomplete
-PROV_ATTR_INFLUENCEE: Incomplete
-PROV_ATTR_INFLUENCER: Incomplete
-PROV_ATTR_COLLECTION: Incomplete
-PROV_ATTR_TIME: Incomplete
-PROV_ATTR_STARTTIME: Incomplete
-PROV_ATTR_ENDTIME: Incomplete
-PROV_ATTRIBUTE_QNAMES: Incomplete
-PROV_ATTRIBUTE_LITERALS: Incomplete
-PROV_ATTRIBUTES = PROV_ATTRIBUTE_QNAMES | PROV_ATTRIBUTE_LITERALS
-PROV_RECORD_ATTRIBUTES: Incomplete
-PROV_RECORD_IDS_MAP: Incomplete
-PROV_ID_ATTRIBUTES_MAP: Incomplete
-PROV_ATTRIBUTES_ID_MAP: Incomplete
-PROV_TYPE: Incomplete
-PROV_LABEL: Incomplete
-PROV_VALUE: Incomplete
-PROV_LOCATION: Incomplete
-PROV_ROLE: Incomplete
-PROV_QUALIFIEDNAME: Incomplete
-PROV_INTERNATIONALIZEDSTRING: Incomplete
-XSD_ANYURI: Incomplete
-XSD_QNAME: Incomplete
-XSD_DATETIME: Incomplete
-XSD_TIME: Incomplete
-XSD_DATE: Incomplete
-XSD_STRING: Incomplete
-XSD_BOOLEAN: Incomplete
-XSD_INTEGER: Incomplete
-XSD_LONG: Incomplete
-XSD_INT: Incomplete
-XSD_SHORT: Incomplete
-XSD_BYTE: Incomplete
-XSD_NONNEGATIVEINTEGER: Incomplete
-XSD_UNSIGNEDLONG: Incomplete
-XSD_UNSIGNEDINT: Incomplete
-XSD_UNSIGNEDSHORT: Incomplete
-XSD_UNSIGNEDBYTE: Incomplete
-XSD_POSITIVEINTEGER: Incomplete
-XSD_NONPOSITIVEINTEGER: Incomplete
-XSD_NEGATIVEINTEGER: Incomplete
-XSD_FLOAT: Incomplete
-XSD_DOUBLE: Incomplete
-XSD_DECIMAL: Incomplete
diff --git a/mypy-stubs/prov/dot.pyi b/mypy-stubs/prov/dot.pyi
index 38be3a2..02b896e 100644
--- a/mypy-stubs/prov/dot.pyi
+++ b/mypy-stubs/prov/dot.pyi
@@ -1,41 +1,28 @@
-import pydot
 from _typeshed import Incomplete
-from prov.graph import INFERRED_ELEMENT_CLASS as INFERRED_ELEMENT_CLASS
-from prov.identifier import QualifiedName as QualifiedName
-from prov.model import (
-    Identifier as Identifier,
-    PROV_ACTIVITY as PROV_ACTIVITY,
-    PROV_AGENT as PROV_AGENT,
-    PROV_ALTERNATE as PROV_ALTERNATE,
-    PROV_ASSOCIATION as PROV_ASSOCIATION,
-    PROV_ATTRIBUTE_QNAMES as PROV_ATTRIBUTE_QNAMES,
-    PROV_ATTRIBUTION as PROV_ATTRIBUTION,
-    PROV_BUNDLE as PROV_BUNDLE,
-    PROV_COMMUNICATION as PROV_COMMUNICATION,
-    PROV_DELEGATION as PROV_DELEGATION,
-    PROV_DERIVATION as PROV_DERIVATION,
-    PROV_END as PROV_END,
-    PROV_ENTITY as PROV_ENTITY,
-    PROV_GENERATION as PROV_GENERATION,
-    PROV_INFLUENCE as PROV_INFLUENCE,
-    PROV_INVALIDATION as PROV_INVALIDATION,
-    PROV_MEMBERSHIP as PROV_MEMBERSHIP,
-    PROV_MENTION as PROV_MENTION,
-    PROV_SPECIALIZATION as PROV_SPECIALIZATION,
-    PROV_START as PROV_START,
-    PROV_USAGE as PROV_USAGE,
-    ProvActivity as ProvActivity,
-    ProvAgent as ProvAgent,
-    ProvBundle as ProvBundle,
-    ProvElement as ProvElement,
-    ProvEntity as ProvEntity,
-    ProvException as ProvException,
-    ProvRecord as ProvRecord,
-    sorted_attributes as sorted_attributes,
-)
-from typing import Any
+from prov.model import PROV_ACTIVITY as PROV_ACTIVITY
+from prov.model import PROV_AGENT as PROV_AGENT
+from prov.model import PROV_ALTERNATE as PROV_ALTERNATE
+from prov.model import PROV_ASSOCIATION as PROV_ASSOCIATION
+from prov.model import PROV_ATTRIBUTE_QNAMES as PROV_ATTRIBUTE_QNAMES
+from prov.model import PROV_ATTRIBUTION as PROV_ATTRIBUTION
+from prov.model import PROV_BUNDLE as PROV_BUNDLE
+from prov.model import PROV_COMMUNICATION as PROV_COMMUNICATION
+from prov.model import PROV_DELEGATION as PROV_DELEGATION
+from prov.model import PROV_DERIVATION as PROV_DERIVATION
+from prov.model import PROV_END as PROV_END
+from prov.model import PROV_ENTITY as PROV_ENTITY
+from prov.model import PROV_GENERATION as PROV_GENERATION
+from prov.model import PROV_INFLUENCE as PROV_INFLUENCE
+from prov.model import PROV_INVALIDATION as PROV_INVALIDATION
+from prov.model import PROV_MEMBERSHIP as PROV_MEMBERSHIP
+from prov.model import PROV_MENTION as PROV_MENTION
+from prov.model import PROV_SPECIALIZATION as PROV_SPECIALIZATION
+from prov.model import PROV_START as PROV_START
+from prov.model import PROV_USAGE as PROV_USAGE
+from prov.model import Identifier as Identifier
+from prov.model import ProvException as ProvException
+from prov.model import sorted_attributes as sorted_attributes
 
-GENERIC_NODE_STYLE: dict[type[ProvElement | ProvBundle] | None, dict[str, str]]
 DOT_PROV_STYLE: Incomplete
 ANNOTATION_STYLE: Incomplete
 ANNOTATION_LINK_STYLE: Incomplete
@@ -43,12 +30,12 @@ ANNOTATION_START_ROW: str
 ANNOTATION_ROW_TEMPLATE: str
 ANNOTATION_END_ROW: str
 
-def htlm_link_if_uri(value: Any) -> str: ...
+def htlm_link_if_uri(value): ...
 def prov_to_dot(
-    bundle: ProvBundle,
-    show_nary: bool = True,
-    use_labels: bool = False,
-    direction: str = "BT",
-    show_element_attributes: bool = True,
-    show_relation_attributes: bool = True,
-) -> pydot.Dot: ...
+    bundle,
+    show_nary: bool = ...,
+    use_labels: bool = ...,
+    direction: str = ...,
+    show_element_attributes: bool = ...,
+    show_relation_attributes: bool = ...,
+): ...
diff --git a/mypy-stubs/prov/graph.pyi b/mypy-stubs/prov/graph.pyi
index ad43733..ad8a3c4 100644
--- a/mypy-stubs/prov/graph.pyi
+++ b/mypy-stubs/prov/graph.pyi
@@ -1,36 +1,28 @@
-import networkx as nx
 from _typeshed import Incomplete
-from prov.model import (
-    PROV_ATTR_ACTIVITY as PROV_ATTR_ACTIVITY,
-    PROV_ATTR_AGENT as PROV_ATTR_AGENT,
-    PROV_ATTR_ALTERNATE1 as PROV_ATTR_ALTERNATE1,
-    PROV_ATTR_ALTERNATE2 as PROV_ATTR_ALTERNATE2,
-    PROV_ATTR_BUNDLE as PROV_ATTR_BUNDLE,
-    PROV_ATTR_COLLECTION as PROV_ATTR_COLLECTION,
-    PROV_ATTR_DELEGATE as PROV_ATTR_DELEGATE,
-    PROV_ATTR_ENDER as PROV_ATTR_ENDER,
-    PROV_ATTR_ENTITY as PROV_ATTR_ENTITY,
-    PROV_ATTR_GENERAL_ENTITY as PROV_ATTR_GENERAL_ENTITY,
-    PROV_ATTR_GENERATED_ENTITY as PROV_ATTR_GENERATED_ENTITY,
-    PROV_ATTR_INFORMANT as PROV_ATTR_INFORMANT,
-    PROV_ATTR_INFORMED as PROV_ATTR_INFORMED,
-    PROV_ATTR_PLAN as PROV_ATTR_PLAN,
-    PROV_ATTR_RESPONSIBLE as PROV_ATTR_RESPONSIBLE,
-    PROV_ATTR_SPECIFIC_ENTITY as PROV_ATTR_SPECIFIC_ENTITY,
-    PROV_ATTR_STARTER as PROV_ATTR_STARTER,
-    PROV_ATTR_TRIGGER as PROV_ATTR_TRIGGER,
-    PROV_ATTR_USED_ENTITY as PROV_ATTR_USED_ENTITY,
-    ProvActivity as ProvActivity,
-    ProvAgent as ProvAgent,
-    ProvBundle as ProvBundle,
-    ProvDocument as ProvDocument,
-    ProvElement as ProvElement,
-    ProvEntity as ProvEntity,
-    ProvRecord as ProvRecord,
-    ProvRelation as ProvRelation,
-)
+from prov.model import PROV_ATTR_ACTIVITY as PROV_ATTR_ACTIVITY
+from prov.model import PROV_ATTR_AGENT as PROV_ATTR_AGENT
+from prov.model import PROV_ATTR_ALTERNATE1 as PROV_ATTR_ALTERNATE1
+from prov.model import PROV_ATTR_ALTERNATE2 as PROV_ATTR_ALTERNATE2
+from prov.model import PROV_ATTR_COLLECTION as PROV_ATTR_COLLECTION
+from prov.model import PROV_ATTR_DELEGATE as PROV_ATTR_DELEGATE
+from prov.model import PROV_ATTR_ENTITY as PROV_ATTR_ENTITY
+from prov.model import PROV_ATTR_GENERAL_ENTITY as PROV_ATTR_GENERAL_ENTITY
+from prov.model import PROV_ATTR_GENERATED_ENTITY as PROV_ATTR_GENERATED_ENTITY
+from prov.model import PROV_ATTR_INFORMANT as PROV_ATTR_INFORMANT
+from prov.model import PROV_ATTR_INFORMED as PROV_ATTR_INFORMED
+from prov.model import PROV_ATTR_RESPONSIBLE as PROV_ATTR_RESPONSIBLE
+from prov.model import PROV_ATTR_SPECIFIC_ENTITY as PROV_ATTR_SPECIFIC_ENTITY
+from prov.model import PROV_ATTR_TRIGGER as PROV_ATTR_TRIGGER
+from prov.model import PROV_ATTR_USED_ENTITY as PROV_ATTR_USED_ENTITY
+from prov.model import ProvActivity as ProvActivity
+from prov.model import ProvAgent as ProvAgent
+from prov.model import ProvDocument as ProvDocument
+from prov.model import ProvElement as ProvElement
+from prov.model import ProvEntity as ProvEntity
+from prov.model import ProvRecord as ProvRecord
+from prov.model import ProvRelation as ProvRelation
 
 INFERRED_ELEMENT_CLASS: Incomplete
 
-def prov_to_graph(prov_document: ProvDocument) -> nx.MultiDiGraph: ...
-def graph_to_prov(g: nx.MultiDiGraph) -> ProvDocument: ...
+def prov_to_graph(prov_document): ...
+def graph_to_prov(g): ...
diff --git a/mypy-stubs/prov/identifier.pyi b/mypy-stubs/prov/identifier.pyi
index 7beebdc..c344128 100644
--- a/mypy-stubs/prov/identifier.pyi
+++ b/mypy-stubs/prov/identifier.pyi
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, Union
 
 class Identifier:
     def __init__(self, uri: str) -> None: ...
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ class Identifier:
     def provn_representation(self) -> str: ...
 
 class QualifiedName(Identifier):
-    def __init__(self, namespace: Namespace, localpart: str) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, namespace: str, localpart: str) -> None: ...
     @property
-    def namespace(self) -> Namespace: ...
+    def namespace(self) -> str: ...
     @property
     def localpart(self) -> str: ...
     def __hash__(self) -> int: ...
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ class Namespace:
     def uri(self) -> str: ...
     @property
     def prefix(self) -> str: ...
-    def contains(self, identifier: Identifier) -> bool: ...
-    def qname(self, identifier: str | Identifier) -> QualifiedName | None: ...
+    def contains(self, identifier: Identifier | str) -> bool: ...
+    def qname(self, identifier: Identifier | str) -> QualifiedName: ...
     def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool: ...
     def __ne__(self, other: Any) -> bool: ...
     def __hash__(self) -> int: ...
diff --git a/mypy-stubs/prov/model.pyi b/mypy-stubs/prov/model.pyi
index 0ebf3c6..acc1dc7 100644
--- a/mypy-stubs/prov/model.pyi
+++ b/mypy-stubs/prov/model.pyi
@@ -1,114 +1,66 @@
-from prov.constants import *
-import datetime
 import io
-import typing
-from _typeshed import Incomplete
-from prov import Error as Error, serializers as serializers
-from prov.identifier import (
-    Identifier as Identifier,
-    Namespace as Namespace,
-    QualifiedName as QualifiedName,
-)
-from typing import Any, Callable, Iterable, Optional, Union
-from typing_extensions import TypeAlias
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from datetime import datetime
 import os
+from typing import IO, Any, Dict, List, Set, Tuple, Union
+from typing_extensions import TypeAlias
+
+from _typeshed import Incomplete
+from prov.constants import *
+
+# from prov import Error as Error, serializers as serializers
+from prov.identifier import Identifier, Namespace, QualifiedName
 
 QualifiedNameCandidate: TypeAlias = Union[QualifiedName, str, Identifier]
-OptionalID: TypeAlias = Optional[QualifiedNameCandidate]
-EntityRef: TypeAlias = Union["ProvEntity", QualifiedNameCandidate]
-ActivityRef: TypeAlias = Union["ProvActivity", QualifiedNameCandidate]
-AgentRef: TypeAlias = Union[
-    "ProvAgent", "ProvEntity", "ProvActivity", QualifiedNameCandidate
-]
-GenrationRef: TypeAlias = Union["ProvGeneration", QualifiedNameCandidate]
-UsageRef: TypeAlias = Union["ProvUsage", QualifiedNameCandidate]
-RecordAttributesArg: TypeAlias = Union[
-    dict[QualifiedNameCandidate, Any], Iterable[tuple[QualifiedNameCandidate, Any]]
-]
-NameValuePair: TypeAlias = tuple[QualifiedName, Any]
-DatetimeOrStr: TypeAlias = Union[datetime.datetime, str]
-NSCollection: TypeAlias = dict[str, str] | Iterable[Namespace]
 PathLike: TypeAlias = Union[str, bytes, os.PathLike[Any]]
 
-def parse_xsd_datetime(value: str) -> datetime.datetime | None: ...
-def parse_boolean(value: str) -> bool | None: ...
-
-DATATYPE_PARSERS = {
-    datetime.datetime: parse_xsd_datetime,
-}
-# Mappings for XSD datatypes to Python standard types
-SupportedXSDParsedTypes: TypeAlias = (
-    str | datetime.datetime | float | int | bool | Identifier | None
-)
-XSD_DATATYPE_PARSERS: dict[QualifiedName, Callable[[str], SupportedXSDParsedTypes]]
-
-def parse_xsd_types(value: str, datatype: QualifiedName) -> SupportedXSDParsedTypes: ...
-def first(a_set: set[Any]) -> Any | None: ...
-def encoding_provn_value(
-    value: str | datetime.datetime | float | bool | QualifiedName,
-) -> str: ...
-
-class Literal:
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        value: Any,
-        datatype: QualifiedName | None = None,
-        langtag: str | None = None,
-    ) -> None: ...
-    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool: ...
-    def __ne__(self, other: Any) -> bool: ...
-    def __hash__(self) -> int: ...
-    @property
-    def value(self) -> str: ...
-    @property
-    def datatype(self) -> QualifiedName | None: ...
-    @property
-    def langtag(self) -> str | None: ...
-    def has_no_langtag(self) -> bool: ...
-    def provn_representation(self) -> str: ...
+logger: Incomplete
 
-class ProvException(Error): ...
-class ProvWarning(Warning): ...
+# def parse_xsd_datetime(value): ...
 
-class ProvExceptionInvalidQualifiedName(ProvException):
-    qname: Incomplete
-    def __init__(self, qname: Any) -> None: ...
+DATATYPE_PARSERS: Incomplete
+XSD_DATATYPE_PARSERS: Incomplete
 
-class ProvElementIdentifierRequired(ProvException): ...
+# def first(a_set): ...
+
+_attributes_type = dict[str | Identifier, Any] | list[tuple[str | Identifier, Any]]
 
 class ProvRecord:
-    FORMAL_ATTRIBUTES: tuple[QualifiedName, ...]
+    FORMAL_ATTRIBUTES: Incomplete
     def __init__(
         self,
-        bundle: ProvBundle,
-        identifier: QualifiedName | None,
-        attributes: RecordAttributesArg | None = None,
+        bundle: str,
+        identifier: Identifier | str,
+        attributes: dict[str, str] | None = ...,
     ) -> None: ...
     def __hash__(self) -> int: ...
     def copy(self) -> ProvRecord: ...
-    def get_type(self) -> QualifiedName: ...
-    def get_asserted_types(self) -> set[QualifiedName]: ...
-    def add_asserted_type(self, type_identifier: QualifiedName) -> None: ...
+    def get_type(self) -> str: ...
+    def get_asserted_types(self) -> set[str]: ...
+    def add_asserted_type(self, type_identifier: str | QualifiedName) -> None: ...
     def get_attribute(
         self, attr_name: QualifiedNameCandidate
     ) -> set[QualifiedName]: ...
     @property
-    def identifier(self) -> QualifiedName | None: ...
+    def identifier(self) -> Identifier: ...
     @property
-    def attributes(self) -> list[tuple[QualifiedName, Any]]: ...
+    def attributes(self) -> list[tuple[QualifiedName, Identifier]]: ...
     @property
-    def args(self) -> tuple[QualifiedName, ...]: ...
+    def args(self) -> tuple[str, ...]: ...
     @property
-    def formal_attributes(self) -> tuple[tuple[QualifiedName, Any], ...]: ...
+    def formal_attributes(self) -> tuple[tuple[str, str], ...]: ...
     @property
-    def extra_attributes(self) -> tuple[tuple[QualifiedName, Any], ...]: ...
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> tuple[tuple[str, str], ...]: ...
     @property
-    def bundle(self) -> ProvBundle: ...
+    def bundle(self) -> "ProvBundle": ...
     @property
     def label(self) -> str: ...
     @property
-    def value(self) -> Any: ...
-    def add_attributes(self, attributes: RecordAttributesArg) -> None: ...
+    def value(self) -> str: ...
+    def add_attributes(
+        self,
+        attributes: _attributes_type,
+    ) -> None: ...
     def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool: ...
     def get_provn(self) -> str: ...
     def is_element(self) -> bool: ...
@@ -117,9 +69,9 @@ class ProvRecord:
 class ProvElement(ProvRecord):
     def __init__(
         self,
-        bundle: ProvBundle,
-        identifier: QualifiedName | None,
-        attributes: RecordAttributesArg | None = None,
+        bundle: "ProvBundle",
+        identifier: str,
+        attributes: _attributes_type,
     ) -> None: ...
     def is_element(self) -> bool: ...
 
@@ -129,68 +81,70 @@ class ProvRelation(ProvRecord):
 class ProvEntity(ProvElement):
     def wasGeneratedBy(
         self,
-        activity: ActivityRef | None = None,
-        time: DatetimeOrStr | None = None,
-        attributes: RecordAttributesArg | None = None,
-    ) -> ProvEntity: ...
+        activity: str,
+        time: datetime | str | None = ...,
+        attributes: _attributes_type | None = None,
+    ) -> ProvGeneration: ...
     def wasInvalidatedBy(
         self,
-        activity: ActivityRef | None,
-        time: DatetimeOrStr | None = None,
-        attributes: RecordAttributesArg | None = None,
-    ) -> ProvEntity: ...
+        activity: str,
+        time: datetime | str | None = ...,
+        attributes: _attributes_type | None = None,
+    ) -> ProvInvalidation: ...
     def wasDerivedFrom(
         self,
-        usedEntity: EntityRef,
-        activity: ActivityRef | None = None,
-        generation: GenrationRef | None = None,
-        usage: UsageRef | None = None,
-        attributes: RecordAttributesArg | None = None,
-    ) -> ProvEntity: ...
+        usedEntity: str,
+        activity: str | None = ...,
+        generation: Incomplete | None = ...,
+        usage: Incomplete | None = ...,
+        attributes: _attributes_type | None = None,
+    ) -> ProvDerivation: ...
     def wasAttributedTo(
-        self, agent: AgentRef, attributes: RecordAttributesArg | None = None
-    ) -> ProvEntity: ...
-    def alternateOf(self, alternate2: EntityRef) -> ProvEntity: ...
-    def specializationOf(self, generalEntity: EntityRef) -> ProvEntity: ...
-    def hadMember(self, entity: EntityRef) -> ProvEntity: ...
+        self,
+        agent: str,
+        attributes: _attributes_type | None = None,
+    ) -> ProvAttribution: ...
+    def alternateOf(self, alternate2: str) -> ProvElement: ...
+    def specializationOf(self, generalEntity: str) -> ProvSpecialization: ...
+    def hadMember(self, entity: str) -> ProvMembership: ...
 
 class ProvActivity(ProvElement):
     FORMAL_ATTRIBUTES: Incomplete
     def set_time(
-        self,
-        startTime: datetime.datetime | None = None,
-        endTime: datetime.datetime | None = None,
+        self, startTime: Incomplete | None = ..., endTime: Incomplete | None = ...
     ) -> None: ...
-    def get_startTime(self) -> datetime.datetime | None: ...
-    def get_endTime(self) -> datetime.datetime | None: ...
+    def get_startTime(self) -> datetime: ...
+    def get_endTime(self) -> datetime: ...
     def used(
         self,
-        entity: EntityRef,
-        time: DatetimeOrStr | None = None,
-        attributes: RecordAttributesArg | None = None,
+        entity: str,
+        time: datetime | str | None = ...,
+        attributes: _attributes_type | None = None,
     ) -> ProvActivity: ...
     def wasInformedBy(
-        self, informant: ActivityRef, attributes: RecordAttributesArg | None = None
+        self,
+        informant: str,
+        attributes: _attributes_type | None = None,
     ) -> ProvActivity: ...
     def wasStartedBy(
         self,
-        trigger: EntityRef | None,
-        starter: ActivityRef | None = None,
-        time: DatetimeOrStr | None = None,
-        attributes: RecordAttributesArg | None = None,
+        trigger: str,
+        starter: str | None = ...,
+        time: datetime | str | None = ...,
+        attributes: _attributes_type | None = None,
     ) -> ProvActivity: ...
     def wasEndedBy(
         self,
-        trigger: EntityRef | None,
-        ender: ActivityRef | None = None,
-        time: DatetimeOrStr | None = None,
-        attributes: RecordAttributesArg | None = None,
+        trigger: str,
+        ender: str | None = ...,
+        time: datetime | str | None = ...,
+        attributes: _attributes_type | None = None,
     ) -> ProvActivity: ...
     def wasAssociatedWith(
         self,
-        agent: AgentRef,
-        plan: EntityRef | None = None,
-        attributes: RecordAttributesArg | None = None,
+        agent: str,
+        plan: str | None = ...,
+        attributes: _attributes_type | None = None,
     ) -> ProvActivity: ...
 
 class ProvGeneration(ProvRelation):
@@ -217,9 +171,9 @@ class ProvDerivation(ProvRelation):
 class ProvAgent(ProvElement):
     def actedOnBehalfOf(
         self,
-        responsible: AgentRef,
-        activity: ActivityRef | None = None,
-        attributes: RecordAttributesArg | None = None,
+        responsible: str,
+        activity: str | None = ...,
+        attributes: _attributes_type | None = ...,
     ) -> ProvAgent: ...
 
 class ProvAttribution(ProvRelation):
@@ -235,7 +189,7 @@ class ProvInfluence(ProvRelation):
     FORMAL_ATTRIBUTES: Incomplete
 
 class ProvSpecialization(ProvRelation):
-    FORMAL_ATTRIBUTES: tuple[QualifiedName, ...]
+    FORMAL_ATTRIBUTES: Incomplete
 
 class ProvAlternate(ProvRelation):
     FORMAL_ATTRIBUTES: Incomplete
@@ -249,32 +203,13 @@ class ProvMembership(ProvRelation):
 PROV_REC_CLS: Incomplete
 DEFAULT_NAMESPACES: Incomplete
 
-class NamespaceManager(dict[str, Namespace]):
-    parent: NamespaceManager | None
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        namespaces: NSCollection | None = None,
-        default: str | None = None,
-        parent: NamespaceManager | None = None,
-    ) -> None: ...
-    def get_namespace(self, uri: str) -> Namespace | None: ...
-    def get_registered_namespaces(self) -> Iterable[Namespace]: ...
-    def set_default_namespace(self, uri: str) -> None: ...
-    def get_default_namespace(self) -> Namespace | None: ...
-    def add_namespace(self, namespace: Namespace) -> Namespace: ...
-    def add_namespaces(self, namespaces: NSCollection) -> None: ...
-    def valid_qualified_name(
-        self, qname: QualifiedNameCandidate
-    ) -> QualifiedName | None: ...
-    def get_anonymous_identifier(self, local_prefix: str = "id") -> Identifier: ...
-
 class ProvBundle:
     def __init__(
         self,
-        records: Iterable[ProvRecord] | None = None,
-        identifier: QualifiedName | None = None,
-        namespaces: NSCollection | None = None,
-        document: ProvDocument | None = None,
+        records: Iterable[ProvRecord] | None = ...,
+        identifier: str | None = ...,
+        namespaces: Iterable[Namespace] | None = ...,
+        document: ProvDocument | None = ...,
     ) -> None: ...
     @property
     def namespaces(self) -> set[Namespace]: ...
@@ -283,204 +218,207 @@ class ProvBundle:
     @property
     def document(self) -> ProvDocument | None: ...
     @property
-    def identifier(self) -> QualifiedName | None: ...
+    def identifier(self) -> str | None | QualifiedName: ...
     @property
     def records(self) -> list[ProvRecord]: ...
-    def set_default_namespace(self, uri: str) -> None: ...
-    def get_default_namespace(self) -> Namespace | None: ...
+    def set_default_namespace(self, uri: Namespace) -> None: ...
+    def get_default_namespace(self) -> Namespace: ...
     def add_namespace(
-        self, namespace_or_prefix: Namespace | str, uri: str | None = None
+        self, namespace_or_prefix: Namespace | str, uri: str | None = ...
     ) -> Namespace: ...
     def get_registered_namespaces(self) -> Iterable[Namespace]: ...
     def valid_qualified_name(
-        self, identifier: QualifiedNameCandidate
+        self, identifier: QualifiedName | tuple[str, Identifier]
     ) -> QualifiedName | None: ...
-    def mandatory_valid_qname(
-        self, identifier: QualifiedNameCandidate
-    ) -> QualifiedName: ...
     def get_records(
-        self, class_or_type_or_tuple: type | tuple[type] | None = None
-    ) -> Iterable[ProvRecord]: ...
-    def get_record(self, identifier: QualifiedNameCandidate) -> list[ProvRecord]: ...
+        self,
+        class_or_type_or_tuple: (
+            type
+            | type[int | str]
+            | tuple[type | type[int | str] | tuple[Any, ...], ...]
+            | None
+        ) = ...,
+    ) -> list[ProvRecord]: ...
+    def get_record(self, identifier: Identifier | None) -> list[ProvRecord] | None: ...
     def is_document(self) -> bool: ...
     def is_bundle(self) -> bool: ...
     def has_bundles(self) -> bool: ...
     @property
     def bundles(self) -> Iterable[ProvBundle]: ...
-    def get_provn(self, _indent_level: int = 0) -> str: ...
-    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool: ...
-    def __ne__(self, other: Any) -> bool: ...
-    __hash__: Incomplete
+    def get_provn(self, _indent_level: int = ...) -> str: ...
     def unified(self) -> ProvBundle: ...
     def update(self, other: ProvBundle) -> None: ...
     def new_record(
         self,
-        record_type: QualifiedName,
-        identifier: OptionalID,
-        attributes: RecordAttributesArg | None = None,
-        other_attributes: RecordAttributesArg | None = None,
+        record_type: PROV_REC_CLS,
+        identifier: str,
+        attributes: _attributes_type | None = None,
+        other_attributes: _attributes_type | None = None,
     ) -> ProvRecord: ...
     def add_record(self, record: ProvRecord) -> ProvRecord: ...
     def entity(
         self,
-        identifier: QualifiedNameCandidate,
-        other_attributes: RecordAttributesArg | None = None,
+        identifier: str | QualifiedName,
+        other_attributes: _attributes_type | None = None,
     ) -> ProvEntity: ...
     def activity(
         self,
-        identifier: QualifiedNameCandidate,
-        startTime: DatetimeOrStr | None = None,
-        endTime: DatetimeOrStr | None = None,
-        other_attributes: RecordAttributesArg | None = None,
+        identifier: str | QualifiedName,
+        startTime: datetime | str | None = ...,
+        endTime: datetime | str | None = ...,
+        other_attributes: _attributes_type | None = None,
     ) -> ProvActivity: ...
     def generation(
         self,
-        entity: EntityRef,
-        activity: ActivityRef | None = None,
-        time: DatetimeOrStr | None = None,
-        identifier: OptionalID = None,
-        other_attributes: RecordAttributesArg | None = None,
-    ) -> ProvRecord: ...
+        entity: ProvEntity | str,
+        activity: ProvActivity | str | None = ...,
+        time: datetime | str | None = ...,
+        identifier: Identifier | None = ...,
+        other_attributes: _attributes_type | None = None,
+    ) -> ProvGeneration: ...
     def usage(
         self,
-        activity: ActivityRef,
-        entity: EntityRef | None = None,
-        time: DatetimeOrStr | None = None,
-        identifier: OptionalID = None,
-        other_attributes: RecordAttributesArg | None = None,
+        activity: ProvActivity | str,
+        entity: ProvEntity | str | None = ...,
+        time: datetime | str | None = ...,
+        identifier: Identifier | None = ...,
+        other_attributes: _attributes_type | None = None,
     ) -> ProvUsage: ...
     def start(
         self,
-        activity: ActivityRef,
-        trigger: EntityRef | None = None,
-        starter: ActivityRef | None = None,
-        time: DatetimeOrStr | None = None,
-        identifier: OptionalID = None,
-        other_attributes: RecordAttributesArg | None = None,
+        activity: ProvActivity | ProvAgent | str,
+        trigger: ProvEntity | None = ...,
+        starter: ProvActivity | ProvAgent | str | None = ...,
+        time: datetime | str | None = ...,
+        identifier: Identifier | None = ...,
+        other_attributes: _attributes_type | None = None,
     ) -> ProvStart: ...
     def end(
         self,
-        activity: ActivityRef,
-        trigger: EntityRef | None = None,
-        ender: ActivityRef | None = None,
-        time: DatetimeOrStr | None = None,
-        identifier: OptionalID = None,
-        other_attributes: RecordAttributesArg | None = None,
+        activity: ProvActivity | str,
+        trigger: ProvEntity | None = ...,
+        ender: ProvActivity | str | None = ...,
+        time: datetime | str | None = ...,
+        identifier: Identifier | None = ...,
+        other_attributes: _attributes_type | None = None,
     ) -> ProvEnd: ...
     def invalidation(
         self,
-        entity: EntityRef,
-        activity: ActivityRef | None = None,
-        time: DatetimeOrStr | None = None,
-        identifier: OptionalID = None,
-        other_attributes: RecordAttributesArg | None = None,
+        entity: ProvEntity | str,
+        activity: ProvActivity | str | None = ...,
+        time: datetime | str | None = ...,
+        identifier: Identifier | None = ...,
+        other_attributes: _attributes_type | None = None,
     ) -> ProvInvalidation: ...
     def communication(
         self,
-        informed: ActivityRef,
-        informant: ActivityRef,
-        identifier: OptionalID = None,
-        other_attributes: RecordAttributesArg | None = None,
+        informed: ProvActivity | str,
+        informant: ProvActivity | str,
+        identifier: Identifier | None = ...,
+        other_attributes: _attributes_type | None = None,
     ) -> ProvCommunication: ...
     def agent(
         self,
-        identifier: QualifiedNameCandidate,
-        other_attributes: RecordAttributesArg | None = None,
+        identifier: Identifier | str,
+        other_attributes: _attributes_type | None = None,
     ) -> ProvAgent: ...
     def attribution(
         self,
-        entity: EntityRef,
-        agent: AgentRef,
-        identifier: OptionalID = None,
-        other_attributes: RecordAttributesArg | None = None,
+        entity: ProvEntity | str,
+        agent: ProvAgent | str,
+        identifier: Identifier | None = ...,
+        other_attributes: _attributes_type | None = None,
     ) -> ProvAttribution: ...
     def association(
         self,
-        activity: ActivityRef,
-        agent: AgentRef | None = None,
-        plan: EntityRef | None = None,
-        identifier: OptionalID = None,
-        other_attributes: RecordAttributesArg | None = None,
+        activity: ProvActivity | str,
+        agent: ProvAgent | str | None = ...,
+        plan: ProvEntity | str | None = ...,
+        identifier: Identifier | None = ...,
+        other_attributes: _attributes_type | None = None,
     ) -> ProvAssociation: ...
     def delegation(
         self,
-        delegate: AgentRef,
-        responsible: AgentRef,
-        activity: ActivityRef | None = None,
-        identifier: OptionalID = None,
-        other_attributes: RecordAttributesArg | None = None,
+        delegate: ProvAgent | str,
+        responsible: ProvAgent | str,
+        activity: ProvActivity | str | None = ...,
+        identifier: Identifier | None = ...,
+        other_attributes: _attributes_type | None = None,
     ) -> ProvDelegation: ...
     def influence(
         self,
-        influencee: EntityRef | ActivityRef | AgentRef,
-        influencer: EntityRef | ActivityRef | AgentRef,
-        identifier: OptionalID = None,
-        other_attributes: RecordAttributesArg | None = None,
+        influencee: ProvEntity | ProvActivity | ProvAgent | str,
+        influencer: ProvEntity | ProvActivity | ProvAgent | str,
+        identifier: Identifier | None = ...,
+        other_attributes: _attributes_type | None = None,
     ) -> ProvInfluence: ...
     def derivation(
         self,
-        generatedEntity: EntityRef,
-        usedEntity: EntityRef,
-        activity: ActivityRef | None = None,
-        generation: GenrationRef | None = None,
-        usage: UsageRef | None = None,
-        identifier: OptionalID = None,
-        other_attributes: RecordAttributesArg | None = None,
+        generatedEntity: ProvEntity | str,
+        usedEntity: ProvEntity | str,
+        activity: ProvActivity | str | None = ...,
+        generation: ProvActivity | str | None = ...,
+        usage: Incomplete | None = ...,
+        identifier: Identifier | None = ...,
+        other_attributes: _attributes_type | None = None,
     ) -> ProvDerivation: ...
     def revision(
         self,
-        generatedEntity: EntityRef,
-        usedEntity: EntityRef,
-        activity: ActivityRef | None = None,
-        generation: GenrationRef | None = None,
-        usage: UsageRef | None = None,
-        identifier: OptionalID = None,
-        other_attributes: RecordAttributesArg | None = None,
-    ) -> ProvDerivation: ...
+        generatedEntity: ProvEntity | str,
+        usedEntity: ProvEntity | str,
+        activity: ProvActivity | str | None = ...,
+        generation: ProvActivity | str | None = ...,
+        usage: Incomplete | None = ...,
+        identifier: Identifier | None = ...,
+        other_attributes: _attributes_type | None = None,
+    ) -> ProvRecord: ...
     def quotation(
         self,
-        generatedEntity: EntityRef,
-        usedEntity: EntityRef,
-        activity: ActivityRef | None = None,
-        generation: GenrationRef | None = None,
-        usage: UsageRef | None = None,
-        identifier: OptionalID = None,
-        other_attributes: RecordAttributesArg | None = None,
-    ) -> ProvDerivation: ...
+        generatedEntity: ProvEntity | str,
+        usedEntity: ProvEntity | str,
+        activity: ProvActivity | str | None = ...,
+        generation: ProvActivity | str | None = ...,
+        usage: Incomplete | None = ...,
+        identifier: Identifier | None = ...,
+        other_attributes: _attributes_type | None = None,
+    ) -> ProvRecord: ...
     def primary_source(
         self,
-        generatedEntity: EntityRef,
-        usedEntity: EntityRef,
-        activity: ActivityRef | None = None,
-        generation: GenrationRef | None = None,
-        usage: UsageRef | None = None,
-        identifier: OptionalID = None,
-        other_attributes: RecordAttributesArg | None = None,
-    ) -> ProvDerivation: ...
+        generatedEntity: ProvEntity | str,
+        usedEntity: ProvEntity | str,
+        activity: ProvActivity | str | None = ...,
+        generation: ProvActivity | str | None = ...,
+        usage: Incomplete | None = ...,
+        identifier: Identifier | None = ...,
+        other_attributes: _attributes_type | None = None,
+    ) -> ProvRecord: ...
     def specialization(
-        self, specificEntity: EntityRef, generalEntity: EntityRef
-    ) -> ProvSpecialization: ...
+        self, specificEntity: ProvEntity | str, generalEntity: ProvEntity | str
+    ) -> ProvRecord: ...
     def alternate(
-        self, alternate1: EntityRef, alternate2: EntityRef
-    ) -> ProvAlternate: ...
+        self, alternate1: ProvEntity | str, alternate2: ProvEntity | str
+    ) -> ProvRecord: ...
     def mention(
-        self, specificEntity: EntityRef, generalEntity: EntityRef, bundle: EntityRef
-    ) -> ProvMention: ...
+        self,
+        specificEntity: ProvEntity | str,
+        generalEntity: ProvEntity | str,
+        bundle: Incomplete,
+    ) -> ProvRecord: ...
     def collection(
         self,
-        identifier: QualifiedNameCandidate,
-        other_attributes: RecordAttributesArg | None = None,
-    ) -> ProvEntity: ...
+        identifier: str,
+        other_attributes: _attributes_type | None,
+    ) -> ProvRecord: ...
     def membership(
-        self, collection: EntityRef, entity: EntityRef
-    ) -> ProvMembership: ...
+        self, collection: ProvRecord, entity: ProvEntity | str
+    ) -> ProvRecord: ...
     def plot(
         self,
-        filename: PathLike | None = None,
-        show_nary: bool = True,
-        use_labels: bool = False,
-        show_element_attributes: bool = True,
-        show_relation_attributes: bool = True,
+        filename: str | None = ...,
+        show_nary: bool = ...,
+        use_labels: bool = ...,
+        show_element_attributes: bool = ...,
+        show_relation_attributes: bool = ...,
     ) -> None: ...
     wasGeneratedBy = generation
     used = usage
@@ -504,10 +442,9 @@ class ProvBundle:
 class ProvDocument(ProvBundle):
     def __init__(
         self,
-        records: Iterable[ProvRecord] | None = None,
-        namespaces: NSCollection | None = None,
+        records: Iterable[ProvRecord] | None = ...,
+        namespaces: Iterable[Namespace] | None = ...,
     ) -> None: ...
-    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool: ...
     def is_document(self) -> bool: ...
     def is_bundle(self) -> bool: ...
     def has_bundles(self) -> bool: ...
@@ -515,25 +452,20 @@ class ProvDocument(ProvBundle):
     def bundles(self) -> Iterable[ProvBundle]: ...
     def flattened(self) -> ProvDocument: ...
     def unified(self) -> ProvDocument: ...
-    def update(self, other: ProvBundle) -> None: ...
+    def update(self, other: ProvDocument | ProvBundle) -> None: ...
     def add_bundle(
-        self, bundle: ProvBundle, identifier: QualifiedName | None = None
+        self, bundle: ProvBundle, identifier: Incomplete | None = ...
     ) -> None: ...
-    def bundle(self, identifier: QualifiedNameCandidate) -> ProvBundle: ...
+    def bundle(self, identifier: Identifier) -> ProvBundle: ...
     def serialize(
-        self,
-        destination: io.IOBase | PathLike | None = None,
-        format: str = "json",
-        **args: Any,
+        self, destination: IO[Any] | None = ..., format: str = ..., **args: Any
     ) -> str | None: ...
     @staticmethod
     def deserialize(
         source: io.IOBase | PathLike | None = None,
-        content: str | bytes | None = None,
-        format: str = "json",
+        content: str | None = ...,
+        format: str = ...,
         **args: Any,
     ) -> ProvDocument: ...
 
-def sorted_attributes(
-    element: QualifiedName, attributes: Iterable[NameValuePair]
-) -> list[NameValuePair]: ...
+def sorted_attributes(element: ProvElement, attributes: list[str]) -> list[str]: ...
diff --git a/mypy-stubs/prov/scripts/__init__.pyi b/mypy-stubs/prov/scripts/__init__.pyi
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
diff --git a/mypy-stubs/prov/scripts/compare.pyi b/mypy-stubs/prov/scripts/compare.pyi
deleted file mode 100644
index 4bef0e6..0000000
--- a/mypy-stubs/prov/scripts/compare.pyi
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-from _typeshed import Incomplete
-from prov.model import ProvDocument as ProvDocument
-
-logger: Incomplete
-__version__: float
-__date__: str
-__updated__: str
-DEBUG: int
-TESTRUN: int
-PROFILE: int
-
-class CLIError(Exception):
-    msg: Incomplete
-    def __init__(self, msg: str) -> None: ...
-
-def main(argv: list | None = None) -> int: ...
diff --git a/mypy-stubs/prov/scripts/convert.pyi b/mypy-stubs/prov/scripts/convert.pyi
deleted file mode 100644
index e0a74cb..0000000
--- a/mypy-stubs/prov/scripts/convert.pyi
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-import io
-from _typeshed import Incomplete
-from prov import serializers as serializers
-from prov.model import ProvDocument as ProvDocument
-
-logger: Incomplete
-__version__: float
-__date__: str
-__updated__: str
-DEBUG: int
-TESTRUN: int
-PROFILE: int
-GRAPHVIZ_SUPPORTED_FORMATS: Incomplete
-
-class CLIError(Exception):
-    msg: Incomplete
-    def __init__(self, msg: str) -> None: ...
-
-def convert_file(infile: io.FileIO, outfile: io.FileIO, output_format: str) -> None: ...
-def main(argv: list | None = None) -> int: ...
diff --git a/mypy-stubs/prov/serializers/__init__.pyi b/mypy-stubs/prov/serializers/__init__.pyi
deleted file mode 100644
index 5745739..0000000
--- a/mypy-stubs/prov/serializers/__init__.pyi
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-import abc
-import io
-from _typeshed import Incomplete
-from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
-from prov import Error
-from prov.model import ProvDocument
-from typing import Any
-
-__all__ = ["get", "Registry", "Serializer"]
-
-class Serializer(ABC, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
-    document: Incomplete
-    def __init__(self, document: ProvDocument | None = None) -> None: ...
-    @abstractmethod
-    def serialize(self, stream: io.IOBase, **args: Any) -> None: ...
-    @abstractmethod
-    def deserialize(self, stream: io.IOBase, **args: Any) -> ProvDocument: ...
-
-class DoNotExist(Error): ...
-
-class Registry:
-    serializers: dict[str, type[Serializer]]
-    @staticmethod
-    def load_serializers() -> None: ...
-
-def get(format_name: str) -> type[Serializer]: ...
diff --git a/mypy-stubs/prov/serializers/provjson.pyi b/mypy-stubs/prov/serializers/provjson.pyi
index 7c5ff1b..723c2d4 100644
--- a/mypy-stubs/prov/serializers/provjson.pyi
+++ b/mypy-stubs/prov/serializers/provjson.pyi
@@ -1,51 +1,42 @@
-from prov.constants import *
-import io
 import json
+
 from _typeshed import Incomplete
-from prov import Error as Error
-from prov.model import (
-    Identifier as Identifier,
-    Literal as Literal,
-    Namespace as Namespace,
-    ProvBundle as ProvBundle,
-    ProvDocument as ProvDocument,
-    ProvRecord as ProvRecord,
-    QualifiedName as QualifiedName,
-    QualifiedNameCandidate as QualifiedNameCandidate,
-    first as first,
-    parse_xsd_datetime as parse_xsd_datetime,
-)
+from prov.constants import *
+from prov.model import Identifier as Identifier
+from prov.model import Literal as Literal
+from prov.model import Namespace as Namespace
+from prov.model import ProvBundle as ProvBundle
+from prov.model import ProvDocument as ProvDocument
+from prov.model import first as first
+from prov.model import parse_xsd_datetime as parse_xsd_datetime
+from prov.serializers import Error as Error
 from prov.serializers import Serializer as Serializer
-from typing import Any
 
 logger: Incomplete
-ProvJSONDict = dict[str, dict[str, Any]]
 
 class ProvJSONException(Error): ...
 
 class AnonymousIDGenerator:
     def __init__(self) -> None: ...
-    def get_anon_id(self, obj: ProvRecord, local_prefix: str = "id") -> Identifier: ...
+    def get_anon_id(self, obj, local_prefix: str = ...): ...
 
 LITERAL_XSDTYPE_MAP: Incomplete
 
 class ProvJSONSerializer(Serializer):
-    def serialize(self, stream: io.IOBase, **args: Any) -> None: ...
-    def deserialize(self, stream: io.IOBase, **args: Any) -> ProvDocument: ...
+    def serialize(self, stream, **kwargs) -> None: ...
+    def deserialize(self, stream, **kwargs): ...
 
 class ProvJSONEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
-    def default(self, o: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def default(self, o): ...
 
 class ProvJSONDecoder(json.JSONDecoder):
-    def decode(self, s: str, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any: ...
-
-def valid_qualified_name(
-    bundle: ProvBundle, value: QualifiedNameCandidate | None
-) -> QualifiedName | None: ...
-def encode_json_document(document: ProvDocument) -> ProvJSONDict: ...
-def encode_json_container(bundle: ProvBundle) -> ProvJSONDict: ...
-def decode_json_document(content: ProvJSONDict, document: ProvDocument) -> None: ...
-def decode_json_container(jc: ProvJSONDict, bundle: ProvBundle) -> None: ...
-def encode_json_representation(value: Any) -> Any: ...
-def decode_json_representation(literal: Any, bundle: ProvBundle) -> Any: ...
-def literal_json_representation(literal: Literal) -> dict[str, str]: ...
+    def decode(self, s, *args, **kwargs): ...
+
+def valid_qualified_name(bundle, value): ...
+def encode_json_document(document): ...
+def encode_json_container(bundle): ...
+def decode_json_document(content, document) -> None: ...
+def decode_json_container(jc, bundle) -> None: ...
+def encode_json_representation(value): ...
+def decode_json_representation(literal, bundle): ...
+def literal_json_representation(literal): ...
diff --git a/mypy-stubs/prov/serializers/provn.pyi b/mypy-stubs/prov/serializers/provn.pyi
index d730561..fa6ac78 100644
--- a/mypy-stubs/prov/serializers/provn.pyi
+++ b/mypy-stubs/prov/serializers/provn.pyi
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-import io
-from prov.model import ProvDocument as ProvDocument
+from _typeshed import Incomplete
 from prov.serializers import Serializer as Serializer
-from typing import Any
+
+logger: Incomplete
 
 class ProvNSerializer(Serializer):
-    def serialize(self, stream: io.IOBase, **args: Any) -> None: ...
-    def deserialize(self, stream: io.IOBase, **args: Any) -> ProvDocument: ...
+    def serialize(self, stream, **kwargs) -> None: ...
+    def deserialize(self, stream, **kwargs) -> None: ...
diff --git a/mypy-stubs/prov/serializers/provrdf.pyi b/mypy-stubs/prov/serializers/provrdf.pyi
index 2d36317..11e438f 100644
--- a/mypy-stubs/prov/serializers/provrdf.pyi
+++ b/mypy-stubs/prov/serializers/provrdf.pyi
@@ -1,105 +1,67 @@
-import io
-import prov.model as pm
+from collections.abc import Generator
+
 from _typeshed import Incomplete
-from prov import Error as Error
-from prov.constants import (
-    PROV as PROV,
-    PROV_ACTIVITY as PROV_ACTIVITY,
-    PROV_ALTERNATE as PROV_ALTERNATE,
-    PROV_ASSOCIATION as PROV_ASSOCIATION,
-    PROV_ATTR_ENDER as PROV_ATTR_ENDER,
-    PROV_ATTR_ENDTIME as PROV_ATTR_ENDTIME,
-    PROV_ATTR_INFORMANT as PROV_ATTR_INFORMANT,
-    PROV_ATTR_RESPONSIBLE as PROV_ATTR_RESPONSIBLE,
-    PROV_ATTR_STARTER as PROV_ATTR_STARTER,
-    PROV_ATTR_STARTTIME as PROV_ATTR_STARTTIME,
-    PROV_ATTR_TIME as PROV_ATTR_TIME,
-    PROV_ATTR_TRIGGER as PROV_ATTR_TRIGGER,
-    PROV_ATTR_USED_ENTITY as PROV_ATTR_USED_ENTITY,
-    PROV_BASE_CLS as PROV_BASE_CLS,
-    PROV_COMMUNICATION as PROV_COMMUNICATION,
-    PROV_DELEGATION as PROV_DELEGATION,
-    PROV_DERIVATION as PROV_DERIVATION,
-    PROV_END as PROV_END,
-    PROV_GENERATION as PROV_GENERATION,
-    PROV_ID_ATTRIBUTES_MAP as PROV_ID_ATTRIBUTES_MAP,
-    PROV_INVALIDATION as PROV_INVALIDATION,
-    PROV_LOCATION as PROV_LOCATION,
-    PROV_MENTION as PROV_MENTION,
-    PROV_N_MAP as PROV_N_MAP,
-    PROV_ROLE as PROV_ROLE,
-    PROV_START as PROV_START,
-    PROV_USAGE as PROV_USAGE,
-    XSD_QNAME as XSD_QNAME,
-)
-from prov.identifier import QualifiedName as QualifiedName
+from prov.constants import PROV as PROV
+from prov.constants import PROV_ACTIVITY as PROV_ACTIVITY
+from prov.constants import PROV_ALTERNATE as PROV_ALTERNATE
+from prov.constants import PROV_ATTR_ENDER as PROV_ATTR_ENDER
+from prov.constants import PROV_ATTR_ENDTIME as PROV_ATTR_ENDTIME
+from prov.constants import PROV_ATTR_INFORMANT as PROV_ATTR_INFORMANT
+from prov.constants import PROV_ATTR_RESPONSIBLE as PROV_ATTR_RESPONSIBLE
+from prov.constants import PROV_ATTR_STARTER as PROV_ATTR_STARTER
+from prov.constants import PROV_ATTR_STARTTIME as PROV_ATTR_STARTTIME
+from prov.constants import PROV_ATTR_TIME as PROV_ATTR_TIME
+from prov.constants import PROV_ATTR_TRIGGER as PROV_ATTR_TRIGGER
+from prov.constants import PROV_ATTR_USED_ENTITY as PROV_ATTR_USED_ENTITY
+from prov.constants import PROV_BASE_CLS as PROV_BASE_CLS
+from prov.constants import PROV_COMMUNICATION as PROV_COMMUNICATION
+from prov.constants import PROV_DELEGATION as PROV_DELEGATION
+from prov.constants import PROV_DERIVATION as PROV_DERIVATION
+from prov.constants import PROV_END as PROV_END
+from prov.constants import PROV_GENERATION as PROV_GENERATION
+from prov.constants import PROV_ID_ATTRIBUTES_MAP as PROV_ID_ATTRIBUTES_MAP
+from prov.constants import PROV_INVALIDATION as PROV_INVALIDATION
+from prov.constants import PROV_LOCATION as PROV_LOCATION
+from prov.constants import PROV_MENTION as PROV_MENTION
+from prov.constants import PROV_N_MAP as PROV_N_MAP
+from prov.constants import PROV_ROLE as PROV_ROLE
+from prov.constants import PROV_START as PROV_START
+from prov.constants import PROV_USAGE as PROV_USAGE
+from prov.constants import XSD_QNAME as XSD_QNAME
+from prov.serializers import Error as Error
 from prov.serializers import Serializer as Serializer
-from rdflib.graph import ConjunctiveGraph
-from rdflib.term import Literal as RDFLiteral, URIRef
-from typing import Any, Generator
 
 class ProvRDFException(Error): ...
 
 class AnonymousIDGenerator:
     def __init__(self) -> None: ...
-    def get_anon_id(self, obj: pm.ProvRecord, local_prefix: str = "id") -> str: ...
+    def get_anon_id(self, obj, local_prefix: str = ...): ...
 
 LITERAL_XSDTYPE_MAP: Incomplete
-RELATION_MAP: Incomplete
-PREDICATE_MAP: Incomplete
 
-def attr2rdf(attr: QualifiedName) -> URIRef: ...
+def attr2rdf(attr): ...
+def valid_qualified_name(bundle, value, xsd_qname: bool = ...): ...
 
 class ProvRDFSerializer(Serializer):
     def serialize(
-        self,
-        stream: io.IOBase,
-        rdf_format: str = "trig",
-        PROV_N_MAP: dict[pm.QualifiedName, str] = ...,
-        **kwargs: Any,
+        self, stream: Incomplete | None = ..., rdf_format: str = ..., **kwargs
     ) -> None: ...
     document: Incomplete
-    def deserialize(
-        self,
-        stream: io.IOBase,
-        rdf_format: str = "trig",
-        relation_mapper: dict[URIRef, str] = ...,
-        predicate_mapper: dict[URIRef, pm.QualifiedName] = ...,
-        **kwargs: Any,
-    ) -> pm.ProvDocument: ...
-    def valid_identifier(
-        self, value: pm.QualifiedNameCandidate
-    ) -> pm.QualifiedName | None: ...
-    def encode_rdf_representation(self, value: Any) -> RDFLiteral | URIRef: ...
-    def decode_rdf_representation(
-        self, literal: Any, graph: ConjunctiveGraph
-    ) -> Any: ...
-    def encode_document(
-        self, document: pm.ProvDocument, PROV_N_MAP: dict[pm.QualifiedName, str] = ...
-    ) -> ConjunctiveGraph: ...
+    def deserialize(self, stream, rdf_format: str = ..., **kwargs): ...
+    def valid_identifier(self, value): ...
+    def encode_rdf_representation(self, value): ...
+    def decode_rdf_representation(self, literal, graph): ...
+    def encode_document(self, document): ...
     def encode_container(
         self,
-        bundle: pm.ProvBundle,
-        PROV_N_MAP: dict[pm.QualifiedName, str] = ...,
-        container: ConjunctiveGraph | None = None,
-        identifier: str | None = None,
-    ) -> ConjunctiveGraph: ...
-    def decode_document(
-        self,
-        content: ConjunctiveGraph,
-        document: pm.ProvDocument,
-        relation_mapper: dict[URIRef, str] = ...,
-        predicate_mapper: dict[URIRef, pm.QualifiedName] = ...,
-    ) -> None: ...
-    def decode_container(
-        self,
-        graph: ConjunctiveGraph,
-        bundle: pm.ProvBundle,
-        relation_mapper: dict[URIRef, str] = ...,
-        predicate_mapper: dict[URIRef, pm.QualifiedName] = ...,
-    ) -> None: ...
+        bundle,
+        container: Incomplete | None = ...,
+        identifier: Incomplete | None = ...,
+    ): ...
+    def decode_document(self, content, document) -> None: ...
+    def decode_container(self, graph, bundle) -> None: ...
 
 def walk(
-    children: list, level: int = 0, path: dict = None, usename: bool = True
-) -> Generator[dict]: ...
-def literal_rdf_representation(literal: pm.Literal) -> RDFLiteral: ...
+    children, level: int = ..., path: Incomplete | None = ..., usename: bool = ...
+) -> Generator[Incomplete, None, None]: ...
+def literal_rdf_representation(literal): ...
diff --git a/mypy-stubs/prov/serializers/provxml.pyi b/mypy-stubs/prov/serializers/provxml.pyi
index 0e9f545..693d7f4 100644
--- a/mypy-stubs/prov/serializers/provxml.pyi
+++ b/mypy-stubs/prov/serializers/provxml.pyi
@@ -1,14 +1,8 @@
-from prov.constants import *
-import io
-import prov
+import prov.identifier
 from _typeshed import Incomplete
-from lxml import etree
-from prov.model import (
-    DEFAULT_NAMESPACES as DEFAULT_NAMESPACES,
-    sorted_attributes as sorted_attributes,
-)
-from prov.serializers import Serializer as Serializer
-from typing import Any
+from prov.constants import *
+from prov.model import DEFAULT_NAMESPACES as DEFAULT_NAMESPACES
+from prov.model import sorted_attributes as sorted_attributes
 
 logger: Incomplete
 FULL_NAMES_MAP: Incomplete
@@ -17,25 +11,12 @@ XML_XSD_URI: str
 
 class ProvXMLException(prov.Error): ...
 
-class ProvXMLSerializer(Serializer):
-    def serialize(
-        self, stream: io.IOBase, force_types: bool = False, **kwargs: Any
-    ) -> None: ...
+class ProvXMLSerializer(prov.serializers.Serializer):
+    def serialize(self, stream, force_types: bool = ..., **kwargs) -> None: ...
     def serialize_bundle(
-        self,
-        bundle: prov.model.ProvBundle,
-        element: etree._Element | None = None,
-        force_types: bool = False,
-    ) -> etree._Element: ...
-    def deserialize(
-        self, stream: io.IOBase, **kwargs: Any
-    ) -> prov.model.ProvDocument: ...
-    def deserialize_subtree(
-        self,
-        xml_doc: etree._Element,
-        bundle: prov.model.ProvDocument | prov.model.ProvBundle,
-    ) -> prov.model.ProvDocument | prov.model.ProvBundle: ...
+        self, bundle, element: Incomplete | None = ..., force_types: bool = ...
+    ): ...
+    def deserialize(self, stream, **kwargs): ...
+    def deserialize_subtree(self, xml_doc, bundle): ...
 
-def xml_qname_to_QualifiedName(
-    element: etree._Element, qname_str: str
-) -> prov.model.QualifiedName: ...
+def xml_qname_to_QualifiedName(element, qname_str): ...
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 3730355..fe965db 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ classifiers = [
 ]
 requires-python = ">=3.9, <4"
 dependencies = [
-    "prov >= 1.5.1",
+    "prov == 1.5.1",
     "bdbag >= 1.4.1",
     "arcp >= 0.2.0",
     "rdflib >= 6, <8",
diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index d1ac5d8..2439244 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-prov >= 1.5.1
+prov == 1.5.1
 bdbag >= 1.4.1
 arcp >= 0.2.0
 rdflib >= 6, <8