Implement Bulletproofs Inner Product Argument

[cronokirby]

Closes #3175.

This adds an impl of the inner product argument part of bulletproofs. Pretty happy with the testing strategy here, and the level of documentation.

I also changed the test field and group in the math crate to be larger, that way you can support random challenges without worrying about running into accidental collisions all the time. It's not large enough to be cryptographically secure, but still probably collision free.

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✅ Deployment successful! View logs	commonware-mcp	6f18a25	May 20 2026, 09:58 PM

[cronokirby]

Spurious breaking-format because of additional conformance items, and because of changes to the test field.

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[github-actions]

Benchmark results

Tip

✅ PASSED: No benchmark exceeded the regression threshold.

Benchmark comparison table

Benchmark	Baseline (main)	Current	Delta	Threshold	Status
qmdb::merkleize/variant=any::unordered::fixed::mmr keys=10000 ch=false sync=false	1.555 ms	1.580 ms	+1.63%	10.00%	✅ PASS
qmdb::merkleize/variant=current::ordered::fixed::mmb chunk=256 keys=10000 ch=true sync=false	3.044 ms	3.089 ms	+1.48%	10.00%	✅ PASS

Baseline commit(s): 25bd84194fab

[cursor]

Cursor Bugbot has reviewed your changes and found 1 potential issue.

There are 2 total unresolved issues (including 1 from previous review).

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 94.48980% with 27 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 95.74%. Comparing base (25bd841) to head (6f18a25).
⚠️ Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
cryptography/src/zk/bulletproofs/ipa.rs	95.40%	15 Missing and 6 partials ⚠️
math/src/poly.rs	62.50%	0 Missing and 3 partials ⚠️
math/src/test.rs	88.00%	0 Missing and 3 partials ⚠️

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #3534      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   95.74%   95.74%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         473      474       +1     
  Lines      192555   193027     +472     
  Branches     4666     4687      +21     
==========================================
+ Hits       184361   184811     +450     
- Misses       6624     6639      +15     
- Partials     1570     1577       +7     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
cryptography/src/lib.rs	100.00% <ø> (ø)
cryptography/src/transcript.rs	95.27% <ø> (+0.10%)	⬆️
math/src/poly.rs	98.26% <62.50%> (-0.50%)	⬇️
math/src/test.rs	90.24% <88.00%> (+3.28%)	⬆️
cryptography/src/zk/bulletproofs/ipa.rs	95.40% <95.40%> (ø)

... and 6 files with indirect coverage changes

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