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Pelajaran ini berfokus pada praktik terbaik tingkat lanjut untuk mengembangkan, menguji, dan menerapkan server MCP serta fitur di lingkungan produksi. Seiring dengan meningkatnya kompleksitas dan pentingnya ekosistem MCP, mengikuti pola yang telah ditetapkan memastikan keandalan, kemudahan pemeliharaan, dan interoperabilitas. Pelajaran ini menggabungkan wawasan praktis yang diperoleh dari implementasi MCP di dunia nyata untuk membimbing Anda dalam menciptakan server yang tangguh dan efisien dengan sumber daya, prompt, dan alat yang efektif.
Pada akhir pelajaran ini, Anda akan dapat:
- Menerapkan praktik terbaik industri dalam desain server dan fitur MCP
- Membuat strategi pengujian yang komprehensif untuk server MCP
- Merancang pola alur kerja yang efisien dan dapat digunakan kembali untuk aplikasi MCP yang kompleks
- Menerapkan penanganan kesalahan, pencatatan, dan observabilitas yang tepat dalam server MCP
- Mengoptimalkan implementasi MCP untuk kinerja, keamanan, dan kemudahan pemeliharaan
Sebelum mendalami praktik implementasi spesifik, penting untuk memahami prinsip inti yang memandu pengembangan MCP yang efektif:
-
Komunikasi Standar: MCP menggunakan JSON-RPC 2.0 sebagai fondasinya, menyediakan format yang konsisten untuk permintaan, respons, dan penanganan kesalahan di semua implementasi.
-
Desain Berpusat pada Pengguna: Selalu prioritaskan persetujuan, kontrol, dan transparansi pengguna dalam implementasi MCP Anda.
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Keamanan Utama: Terapkan langkah-langkah keamanan yang kuat termasuk autentikasi, otorisasi, validasi, dan pembatasan tingkat akses.
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Arsitektur Modular: Rancang server MCP Anda dengan pendekatan modular, di mana setiap alat dan sumber daya memiliki tujuan yang jelas dan terfokus.
-
Koneksi Stateful: Manfaatkan kemampuan MCP untuk mempertahankan status di beberapa permintaan untuk interaksi yang lebih koheren dan kontekstual.
Praktik terbaik berikut berasal dari dokumentasi resmi Model Context Protocol:
-
Persetujuan dan Kontrol Pengguna: Selalu minta persetujuan eksplisit pengguna sebelum mengakses data atau melakukan operasi. Berikan kontrol yang jelas atas data apa yang dibagikan dan tindakan apa yang diizinkan.
-
Privasi Data: Hanya ekspos data pengguna dengan persetujuan eksplisit dan lindungi dengan kontrol akses yang sesuai. Cegah transmisi data yang tidak sah.
-
Keamanan Alat: Minta persetujuan eksplisit pengguna sebelum menggunakan alat apa pun. Pastikan pengguna memahami fungsi setiap alat dan terapkan batasan keamanan yang kuat.
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Kontrol Izin Alat: Konfigurasikan alat mana yang diizinkan untuk digunakan model selama sesi, memastikan hanya alat yang diotorisasi secara eksplisit yang dapat diakses.
-
Autentikasi: Minta autentikasi yang tepat sebelum memberikan akses ke alat, sumber daya, atau operasi sensitif menggunakan kunci API, token OAuth, atau metode autentikasi aman lainnya.
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Validasi Parameter: Terapkan validasi untuk semua pemanggilan alat untuk mencegah input yang salah atau berbahaya mencapai implementasi alat.
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Pembatasan Tingkat Akses: Terapkan pembatasan tingkat akses untuk mencegah penyalahgunaan dan memastikan penggunaan sumber daya server yang adil.
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Negosiasi Kemampuan: Selama pengaturan koneksi, tukarkan informasi tentang fitur yang didukung, versi protokol, alat yang tersedia, dan sumber daya.
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Desain Alat: Buat alat yang terfokus yang melakukan satu tugas dengan baik, daripada alat monolitik yang menangani banyak hal sekaligus.
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Penanganan Kesalahan: Terapkan pesan kesalahan dan kode yang terstandarisasi untuk membantu mendiagnosis masalah, menangani kegagalan dengan baik, dan memberikan umpan balik yang dapat ditindaklanjuti.
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Pencatatan: Konfigurasikan log terstruktur untuk audit, debugging, dan pemantauan interaksi protokol.
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Pelacakan Kemajuan: Untuk operasi yang memakan waktu lama, laporkan pembaruan kemajuan untuk memungkinkan antarmuka pengguna yang responsif.
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Pembatalan Permintaan: Izinkan klien untuk membatalkan permintaan yang sedang berjalan yang tidak lagi diperlukan atau memakan waktu terlalu lama.
Untuk informasi terbaru tentang praktik terbaik MCP, kunjungi:
Setiap alat MCP harus memiliki tujuan yang jelas dan terfokus. Daripada membuat alat monolitik yang mencoba menangani banyak hal, kembangkan alat khusus yang unggul dalam tugas tertentu.
// A focused tool that does one thing well
public class WeatherForecastTool : ITool
{
private readonly IWeatherService _weatherService;
public WeatherForecastTool(IWeatherService weatherService)
{
_weatherService = weatherService;
}
public string Name => "weatherForecast";
public string Description => "Gets weather forecast for a specific location";
public ToolDefinition GetDefinition()
{
return new ToolDefinition
{
Name = Name,
Description = Description,
Parameters = new Dictionary<string, ParameterDefinition>
{
["location"] = new ParameterDefinition
{
Type = ParameterType.String,
Description = "City or location name"
},
["days"] = new ParameterDefinition
{
Type = ParameterType.Integer,
Description = "Number of forecast days",
Default = 3
}
},
Required = new[] { "location" }
};
}
public async Task<ToolResponse> ExecuteAsync(IDictionary<string, object> parameters)
{
var location = parameters["location"].ToString();
var days = parameters.ContainsKey("days")
? Convert.ToInt32(parameters["days"])
: 3;
var forecast = await _weatherService.GetForecastAsync(location, days);
return new ToolResponse
{
Content = new List<ContentItem>
{
new TextContent(JsonSerializer.Serialize(forecast))
}
};
}
}Terapkan penanganan kesalahan yang kuat dengan pesan kesalahan yang informatif dan mekanisme pemulihan yang sesuai.
# Python example with comprehensive error handling
class DataQueryTool:
def get_name(self):
return "dataQuery"
def get_description(self):
return "Queries data from specified database tables"
async def execute(self, parameters):
try:
# Parameter validation
if "query" not in parameters:
raise ToolParameterError("Missing required parameter: query")
query = parameters["query"]
# Security validation
if self._contains_unsafe_sql(query):
raise ToolSecurityError("Query contains potentially unsafe SQL")
try:
# Database operation with timeout
async with timeout(10): # 10 second timeout
result = await self._database.execute_query(query)
return ToolResponse(
content=[TextContent(json.dumps(result))]
)
except asyncio.TimeoutError:
raise ToolExecutionError("Database query timed out after 10 seconds")
except DatabaseConnectionError as e:
# Connection errors might be transient
self._log_error("Database connection error", e)
raise ToolExecutionError(f"Database connection error: {str(e)}")
except DatabaseQueryError as e:
# Query errors are likely client errors
self._log_error("Database query error", e)
raise ToolExecutionError(f"Invalid query: {str(e)}")
except ToolError:
# Let tool-specific errors pass through
raise
except Exception as e:
# Catch-all for unexpected errors
self._log_error("Unexpected error in DataQueryTool", e)
raise ToolExecutionError(f"An unexpected error occurred: {str(e)}")
def _contains_unsafe_sql(self, query):
# Implementation of SQL injection detection
pass
def _log_error(self, message, error):
# Implementation of error logging
passSelalu validasi parameter secara menyeluruh untuk mencegah input yang salah atau berbahaya.
// JavaScript/TypeScript example with detailed parameter validation
class FileOperationTool {
getName() {
return "fileOperation";
}
getDescription() {
return "Performs file operations like read, write, and delete";
}
getDefinition() {
return {
name: this.getName(),
description: this.getDescription(),
parameters: {
operation: {
type: "string",
description: "Operation to perform",
enum: ["read", "write", "delete"]
},
path: {
type: "string",
description: "File path (must be within allowed directories)"
},
content: {
type: "string",
description: "Content to write (only for write operation)",
optional: true
}
},
required: ["operation", "path"]
};
}
async execute(parameters) {
// 1. Validate parameter presence
if (!parameters.operation) {
throw new ToolError("Missing required parameter: operation");
}
if (!parameters.path) {
throw new ToolError("Missing required parameter: path");
}
// 2. Validate parameter types
if (typeof parameters.operation !== "string") {
throw new ToolError("Parameter 'operation' must be a string");
}
if (typeof parameters.path !== "string") {
throw new ToolError("Parameter 'path' must be a string");
}
// 3. Validate parameter values
const validOperations = ["read", "write", "delete"];
if (!validOperations.includes(parameters.operation)) {
throw new ToolError(`Invalid operation. Must be one of: ${validOperations.join(", ")}`);
}
// 4. Validate content presence for write operation
if (parameters.operation === "write" && !parameters.content) {
throw new ToolError("Content parameter is required for write operation");
}
// 5. Path safety validation
if (!this.isPathWithinAllowedDirectories(parameters.path)) {
throw new ToolError("Access denied: path is outside of allowed directories");
}
// Implementation based on validated parameters
// ...
}
isPathWithinAllowedDirectories(path) {
// Implementation of path safety check
// ...
}
}// Java example with authentication and authorization
public class SecureDataAccessTool implements Tool {
private final AuthenticationService authService;
private final AuthorizationService authzService;
private final DataService dataService;
// Dependency injection
public SecureDataAccessTool(
AuthenticationService authService,
AuthorizationService authzService,
DataService dataService) {
this.authService = authService;
this.authzService = authzService;
this.dataService = dataService;
}
@Override
public String getName() {
return "secureDataAccess";
}
@Override
public ToolResponse execute(ToolRequest request) {
// 1. Extract authentication context
String authToken = request.getContext().getAuthToken();
// 2. Authenticate user
UserIdentity user;
try {
user = authService.validateToken(authToken);
} catch (AuthenticationException e) {
return ToolResponse.error("Authentication failed: " + e.getMessage());
}
// 3. Check authorization for the specific operation
String dataId = request.getParameters().get("dataId").getAsString();
String operation = request.getParameters().get("operation").getAsString();
boolean isAuthorized = authzService.isAuthorized(user, "data:" + dataId, operation);
if (!isAuthorized) {
return ToolResponse.error("Access denied: Insufficient permissions for this operation");
}
// 4. Proceed with authorized operation
try {
switch (operation) {
case "read":
Object data = dataService.getData(dataId, user.getId());
return ToolResponse.success(data);
case "update":
JsonNode newData = request.getParameters().get("newData");
dataService.updateData(dataId, newData, user.getId());
return ToolResponse.success("Data updated successfully");
default:
return ToolResponse.error("Unsupported operation: " + operation);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
return ToolResponse.error("Operation failed: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}// C# rate limiting implementation
public class RateLimitingMiddleware
{
private readonly RequestDelegate _next;
private readonly IMemoryCache _cache;
private readonly ILogger<RateLimitingMiddleware> _logger;
// Configuration options
private readonly int _maxRequestsPerMinute;
public RateLimitingMiddleware(
RequestDelegate next,
IMemoryCache cache,
ILogger<RateLimitingMiddleware> logger,
IConfiguration config)
{
_next = next;
_cache = cache;
_logger = logger;
_maxRequestsPerMinute = config.GetValue<int>("RateLimit:MaxRequestsPerMinute", 60);
}
public async Task InvokeAsync(HttpContext context)
{
// 1. Get client identifier (API key or user ID)
string clientId = GetClientIdentifier(context);
// 2. Get rate limiting key for this minute
string cacheKey = $"rate_limit:{clientId}:{DateTime.UtcNow:yyyyMMddHHmm}";
// 3. Check current request count
if (!_cache.TryGetValue(cacheKey, out int requestCount))
{
requestCount = 0;
}
// 4. Enforce rate limit
if (requestCount >= _maxRequestsPerMinute)
{
_logger.LogWarning("Rate limit exceeded for client {ClientId}", clientId);
context.Response.StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status429TooManyRequests;
context.Response.Headers.Add("Retry-After", "60");
await context.Response.WriteAsJsonAsync(new
{
error = "Rate limit exceeded",
message = "Too many requests. Please try again later.",
retryAfterSeconds = 60
});
return;
}
// 5. Increment request count
_cache.Set(cacheKey, requestCount + 1, TimeSpan.FromMinutes(2));
// 6. Add rate limit headers
context.Response.Headers.Add("X-RateLimit-Limit", _maxRequestsPerMinute.ToString());
context.Response.Headers.Add("X-RateLimit-Remaining", (_maxRequestsPerMinute - requestCount - 1).ToString());
// 7. Continue with the request
await _next(context);
}
private string GetClientIdentifier(HttpContext context)
{
// Implementation to extract API key or user ID
// ...
}
}Selalu uji alat Anda secara terpisah, dengan memalsukan dependensi eksternal:
// TypeScript example of a tool unit test
describe('WeatherForecastTool', () => {
let tool: WeatherForecastTool;
let mockWeatherService: jest.Mocked<IWeatherService>;
beforeEach(() => {
// Create a mock weather service
mockWeatherService = {
getForecasts: jest.fn()
} as any;
// Create the tool with the mock dependency
tool = new WeatherForecastTool(mockWeatherService);
});
it('should return weather forecast for a location', async () => {
// Arrange
const mockForecast = {
location: 'Seattle',
forecasts: [
{ date: '2025-07-16', temperature: 72, conditions: 'Sunny' },
{ date: '2025-07-17', temperature: 68, conditions: 'Partly Cloudy' },
{ date: '2025-07-18', temperature: 65, conditions: 'Rain' }
]
};
mockWeatherService.getForecasts.mockResolvedValue(mockForecast);
// Act
const response = await tool.execute({
location: 'Seattle',
days: 3
});
// Assert
expect(mockWeatherService.getForecasts).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Seattle', 3);
expect(response.content[0].text).toContain('Seattle');
expect(response.content[0].text).toContain('Sunny');
});
it('should handle errors from the weather service', async () => {
// Arrange
mockWeatherService.getForecasts.mockRejectedValue(new Error('Service unavailable'));
// Act & Assert
await expect(tool.execute({
location: 'Seattle',
days: 3
})).rejects.toThrow('Weather service error: Service unavailable');
});
});Uji alur lengkap dari permintaan klien hingga respons server:
# Python integration test example
@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_mcp_server_integration():
# Start a test server
server = McpServer()
server.register_tool(WeatherForecastTool(MockWeatherService()))
await server.start(port=5000)
try:
# Create a client
client = McpClient("http://localhost:5000")
# Test tool discovery
tools = await client.discover_tools()
assert "weatherForecast" in [t.name for t in tools]
# Test tool execution
response = await client.execute_tool("weatherForecast", {
"location": "Seattle",
"days": 3
})
# Verify response
assert response.status_code == 200
assert "Seattle" in response.content[0].text
assert len(json.loads(response.content[0].text)["forecasts"]) == 3
finally:
# Clean up
await server.stop()Terapkan caching yang sesuai untuk mengurangi latensi dan penggunaan sumber daya:
// C# example with caching
public class CachedWeatherTool : ITool
{
private readonly IWeatherService _weatherService;
private readonly IDistributedCache _cache;
private readonly ILogger<CachedWeatherTool> _logger;
public CachedWeatherTool(
IWeatherService weatherService,
IDistributedCache cache,
ILogger<CachedWeatherTool> logger)
{
_weatherService = weatherService;
_cache = cache;
_logger = logger;
}
public string Name => "weatherForecast";
public async Task<ToolResponse> ExecuteAsync(IDictionary<string, object> parameters)
{
var location = parameters["location"].ToString();
var days = Convert.ToInt32(parameters.GetValueOrDefault("days", 3));
// Create cache key
string cacheKey = $"weather:{location}:{days}";
// Try to get from cache
string cachedForecast = await _cache.GetStringAsync(cacheKey);
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(cachedForecast))
{
_logger.LogInformation("Cache hit for weather forecast: {Location}", location);
return new ToolResponse
{
Content = new List<ContentItem>
{
new TextContent(cachedForecast)
}
};
}
// Cache miss - get from service
_logger.LogInformation("Cache miss for weather forecast: {Location}", location);
var forecast = await _weatherService.GetForecastAsync(location, days);
string forecastJson = JsonSerializer.Serialize(forecast);
// Store in cache (weather forecasts valid for 1 hour)
await _cache.SetStringAsync(
cacheKey,
forecastJson,
new DistributedCacheEntryOptions
{
AbsoluteExpirationRelativeToNow = TimeSpan.FromHours(1)
});
return new ToolResponse
{
Content = new List<ContentItem>
{
new TextContent(forecastJson)
}
};
}
}Rancang alat untuk menerima dependensinya melalui injeksi konstruktor, sehingga dapat diuji dan dikonfigurasi:
// Java example with dependency injection
public class CurrencyConversionTool implements Tool {
private final ExchangeRateService exchangeService;
private final CacheService cacheService;
private final Logger logger;
// Dependencies injected through constructor
public CurrencyConversionTool(
ExchangeRateService exchangeService,
CacheService cacheService,
Logger logger) {
this.exchangeService = exchangeService;
this.cacheService = cacheService;
this.logger = logger;
}
// Tool implementation
// ...
}Rancang alat yang dapat digabungkan untuk menciptakan alur kerja yang lebih kompleks:
# Python example showing composable tools
class DataFetchTool(Tool):
def get_name(self):
return "dataFetch"
# Implementation...
class DataAnalysisTool(Tool):
def get_name(self):
return "dataAnalysis"
# This tool can use results from the dataFetch tool
async def execute_async(self, request):
# Implementation...
pass
class DataVisualizationTool(Tool):
def get_name(self):
return "dataVisualize"
# This tool can use results from the dataAnalysis tool
async def execute_async(self, request):
# Implementation...
pass
# These tools can be used independently or as part of a workflowSkema adalah kontrak antara model dan alat Anda. Skema yang dirancang dengan baik meningkatkan kegunaan alat.
Selalu sertakan informasi deskriptif untuk setiap parameter:
public object GetSchema()
{
return new {
type = "object",
properties = new {
query = new {
type = "string",
description = "Search query text. Use precise keywords for better results."
},
filters = new {
type = "object",
description = "Optional filters to narrow down search results",
properties = new {
dateRange = new {
type = "string",
description = "Date range in format YYYY-MM-DD:YYYY-MM-DD"
},
category = new {
type = "string",
description = "Category name to filter by"
}
}
},
limit = new {
type = "integer",
description = "Maximum number of results to return (1-50)",
default = 10
}
},
required = new[] { "query" }
};
}Sertakan batasan validasi untuk mencegah input yang tidak valid:
Map<String, Object> getSchema() {
Map<String, Object> schema = new HashMap<>();
schema.put("type", "object");
Map<String, Object> properties = new HashMap<>();
// Email property with format validation
Map<String, Object> email = new HashMap<>();
email.put("type", "string");
email.put("format", "email");
email.put("description", "User email address");
// Age property with numeric constraints
Map<String, Object> age = new HashMap<>();
age.put("type", "integer");
age.put("minimum", 13);
age.put("maximum", 120);
age.put("description", "User age in years");
// Enumerated property
Map<String, Object> subscription = new HashMap<>();
subscription.put("type", "string");
subscription.put("enum", Arrays.asList("free", "basic", "premium"));
subscription.put("default", "free");
subscription.put("description", "Subscription tier");
properties.put("email", email);
properties.put("age", age);
properties.put("subscription", subscription);
schema.put("properties", properties);
schema.put("required", Arrays.asList("email"));
return schema;
}Pertahankan konsistensi dalam struktur respons Anda untuk memudahkan model dalam menginterpretasikan hasil:
async def execute_async(self, request):
try:
# Process request
results = await self._search_database(request.parameters["query"])
# Always return a consistent structure
return ToolResponse(
result={
"matches": [self._format_item(item) for item in results],
"totalCount": len(results),
"queryTime": calculation_time_ms,
"status": "success"
}
)
except Exception as e:
return ToolResponse(
result={
"matches": [],
"totalCount": 0,
"queryTime": 0,
"status": "error",
"error": str(e)
}
)
def _format_item(self, item):
"""Ensures each item has a consistent structure"""
return {
"id": item.id,
"title": item.title,
"summary": item.summary[:100] + "..." if len(item.summary) > 100 else item.summary,
"url": item.url,
"relevance": item.score
}Penanganan kesalahan yang kuat sangat penting untuk alat MCP agar tetap andal.
Tangani kesalahan pada tingkat yang sesuai dan berikan pesan yang informatif:
public async Task<ToolResponse> ExecuteAsync(ToolRequest request)
{
try
{
string fileId = request.Parameters.GetProperty("fileId").GetString();
try
{
var fileData = await _fileService.GetFileAsync(fileId);
return new ToolResponse {
Result = JsonSerializer.SerializeToElement(fileData)
};
}
catch (FileNotFoundException)
{
throw new ToolExecutionException($"File not found: {fileId}");
}
catch (UnauthorizedAccessException)
{
throw new ToolExecutionException("You don't have permission to access this file");
}
catch (Exception ex) when (ex is IOException || ex is TimeoutException)
{
_logger.LogError(ex, "Error accessing file {FileId}", fileId);
throw new ToolExecutionException("Error accessing file: The service is temporarily unavailable");
}
}
catch (JsonException)
{
throw new ToolExecutionException("Invalid file ID format");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
_logger.LogError(ex, "Unexpected error in FileAccessTool");
throw new ToolExecutionException("An unexpected error occurred");
}
}Kembalikan informasi kesalahan yang terstruktur jika memungkinkan:
@Override
public ToolResponse execute(ToolRequest request) {
try {
// Implementation
} catch (Exception ex) {
Map<String, Object> errorResult = new HashMap<>();
errorResult.put("success", false);
if (ex instanceof ValidationException) {
ValidationException validationEx = (ValidationException) ex;
errorResult.put("errorType", "validation");
errorResult.put("errorMessage", validationEx.getMessage());
errorResult.put("validationErrors", validationEx.getErrors());
return new ToolResponse.Builder()
.setResult(errorResult)
.build();
}
// Re-throw other exceptions as ToolExecutionException
throw new ToolExecutionException("Tool execution failed: " + ex.getMessage(), ex);
}
}Terapkan logika pengulangan yang sesuai untuk kegagalan sementara:
async def execute_async(self, request):
max_retries = 3
retry_count = 0
base_delay = 1 # seconds
while retry_count < max_retries:
try:
# Call external API
return await self._call_api(request.parameters)
except TransientError as e:
retry_count += 1
if retry_count >= max_retries:
raise ToolExecutionException(f"Operation failed after {max_retries} attempts: {str(e)}")
# Exponential backoff
delay = base_delay * (2 ** (retry_count - 1))
logging.warning(f"Transient error, retrying in {delay}s: {str(e)}")
await asyncio.sleep(delay)
except Exception as e:
# Non-transient error, don't retry
raise ToolExecutionException(f"Operation failed: {str(e)}")Terapkan caching untuk operasi yang mahal:
public class CachedDataTool : IMcpTool
{
private readonly IDatabase _database;
private readonly IMemoryCache _cache;
public CachedDataTool(IDatabase database, IMemoryCache cache)
{
_database = database;
_cache = cache;
}
public async Task<ToolResponse> ExecuteAsync(ToolRequest request)
{
var query = request.Parameters.GetProperty("query").GetString();
// Create cache key based on parameters
var cacheKey = $"data_query_{ComputeHash(query)}";
// Try to get from cache first
if (_cache.TryGetValue(cacheKey, out var cachedResult))
{
return new ToolResponse { Result = cachedResult };
}
// Cache miss - perform actual query
var result = await _database.QueryAsync(query);
// Store in cache with expiration
var cacheOptions = new MemoryCacheEntryOptions()
.SetAbsoluteExpiration(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(15));
_cache.Set(cacheKey, JsonSerializer.SerializeToElement(result), cacheOptions);
return new ToolResponse { Result = JsonSerializer.SerializeToElement(result) };
}
private string ComputeHash(string input)
{
// Implementation to generate stable hash for cache key
}
}Gunakan pola pemrograman asinkron untuk operasi yang terikat I/O:
public class AsyncDocumentProcessingTool implements Tool {
private final DocumentService documentService;
private final ExecutorService executorService;
@Override
public ToolResponse execute(ToolRequest request) {
String documentId = request.getParameters().get("documentId").asText();
// For long-running operations, return a processing ID immediately
String processId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
// Start async processing
CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
try {
// Perform long-running operation
documentService.processDocument(documentId);
// Update status (would typically be stored in a database)
processStatusRepository.updateStatus(processId, "completed");
} catch (Exception ex) {
processStatusRepository.updateStatus(processId, "failed", ex.getMessage());
}
}, executorService);
// Return immediate response with process ID
Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
result.put("processId", processId);
result.put("status", "processing");
result.put("estimatedCompletionTime", ZonedDateTime.now().plusMinutes(5));
return new ToolResponse.Builder().setResult(result).build();
}
// Companion status check tool
public class ProcessStatusTool implements Tool {
@Override
public ToolResponse execute(ToolRequest request) {
String processId = request.getParameters().get("processId").asText();
ProcessStatus status = processStatusRepository.getStatus(processId);
return new ToolResponse.Builder().setResult(status).build();
}
}
}Terapkan pembatasan sumber daya untuk mencegah kelebihan beban:
class ThrottledApiTool(Tool):
def __init__(self):
self.rate_limiter = TokenBucketRateLimiter(
tokens_per_second=5, # Allow 5 requests per second
bucket_size=10 # Allow bursts up to 10 requests
)
async def execute_async(self, request):
# Check if we can proceed or need to wait
delay = self.rate_limiter.get_delay_time()
if delay > 0:
if delay > 2.0: # If wait is too long
raise ToolExecutionException(
f"Rate limit exceeded. Please try again in {delay:.1f} seconds."
)
else:
# Wait for the appropriate delay time
await asyncio.sleep(delay)
# Consume a token and proceed with the request
self.rate_limiter.consume()
# Call API
result = await self._call_api(request.parameters)
return ToolResponse(result=result)
class TokenBucketRateLimiter:
def __init__(self, tokens_per_second, bucket_size):
self.tokens_per_second = tokens_per_second
self.bucket_size = bucket_size
self.tokens = bucket_size
self.last_refill = time.time()
self.lock = asyncio.Lock()
async def get_delay_time(self):
async with self.lock:
self._refill()
if self.tokens >= 1:
return 0
# Calculate time until next token available
return (1 - self.tokens) / self.tokens_per_second
async def consume(self):
async with self.lock:
self._refill()
self.tokens -= 1
def _refill(self):
now = time.time()
elapsed = now - self.last_refill
# Add new tokens based on elapsed time
new_tokens = elapsed * self.tokens_per_second
self.tokens = min(self.bucket_size, self.tokens + new_tokens)
self.last_refill = nowSelalu validasi parameter input secara menyeluruh:
public async Task<ToolResponse> ExecuteAsync(ToolRequest request)
{
// Validate parameters exist
if (!request.Parameters.TryGetProperty("query", out var queryProp))
{
throw new ToolExecutionException("Missing required parameter: query");
}
// Validate correct type
if (queryProp.ValueKind != JsonValueKind.String)
{
throw new ToolExecutionException("Query parameter must be a string");
}
var query = queryProp.GetString();
// Validate string content
if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(query))
{
throw new ToolExecutionException("Query parameter cannot be empty");
}
if (query.Length > 500)
{
throw new ToolExecutionException("Query parameter exceeds maximum length of 500 characters");
}
// Check for SQL injection attacks if applicable
if (ContainsSqlInjection(query))
{
throw new ToolExecutionException("Invalid query: contains potentially unsafe SQL");
}
// Proceed with execution
// ...
}Terapkan pemeriksaan otorisasi yang tepat:
@Override
public ToolResponse execute(ToolRequest request) {
// Get user context from request
UserContext user = request.getContext().getUserContext();
// Check if user has required permissions
if (!authorizationService.hasPermission(user, "documents:read")) {
throw new ToolExecutionException("User does not have permission to access documents");
}
// For specific resources, check access to that resource
String documentId = request.getParameters().get("documentId").asText();
if (!documentService.canUserAccess(user.getId(), documentId)) {
throw new ToolExecutionException("Access denied to the requested document");
}
// Proceed with tool execution
// ...
}Tangani data sensitif dengan hati-hati:
class SecureDataTool(Tool):
def get_schema(self):
return {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"userId": {"type": "string"},
"includeSensitiveData": {"type": "boolean", "default": False}
},
"required": ["userId"]
}
async def execute_async(self, request):
user_id = request.parameters["userId"]
include_sensitive = request.parameters.get("includeSensitiveData", False)
# Get user data
user_data = await self.user_service.get_user_data(user_id)
# Filter sensitive fields unless explicitly requested AND authorized
if not include_sensitive or not self._is_authorized_for_sensitive_data(request):
user_data = self._redact_sensitive_fields(user_data)
return ToolResponse(result=user_data)
def _is_authorized_for_sensitive_data(self, request):
# Check authorization level in request context
auth_level = request.context.get("authorizationLevel")
return auth_level == "admin"
def _redact_sensitive_fields(self, user_data):
# Create a copy to avoid modifying the original
redacted = user_data.copy()
# Redact specific sensitive fields
sensitive_fields = ["ssn", "creditCardNumber", "password"]
for field in sensitive_fields:
if field in redacted:
redacted[field] = "REDACTED"
# Redact nested sensitive data
if "financialInfo" in redacted:
redacted["financialInfo"] = {"available": True, "accessRestricted": True}
return redactedPengujian yang komprehensif memastikan bahwa alat MCP berfungsi dengan benar, menangani kasus tepi, dan terintegrasi dengan baik dengan sistem lainnya.
Buat pengujian yang terfokus untuk setiap fungsi alat:
[Fact]
public async Task WeatherTool_ValidLocation_ReturnsCorrectForecast()
{
// Arrange
var mockWeatherService = new Mock<IWeatherService>();
mockWeatherService
.Setup(s => s.GetForecastAsync("Seattle", 3))
.ReturnsAsync(new WeatherForecast(/* test data */));
var tool = new WeatherForecastTool(mockWeatherService.Object);
var request = new ToolRequest(
toolName: "weatherForecast",
parameters: JsonSerializer.SerializeToElement(new {
location = "Seattle",
days = 3
})
);
// Act
var response = await tool.ExecuteAsync(request);
// Assert
Assert.NotNull(response);
var result = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<WeatherForecast>(response.Result);
Assert.Equal("Seattle", result.Location);
Assert.Equal(3, result.DailyForecasts.Count);
}
[Fact]
public async Task WeatherTool_InvalidLocation_ThrowsToolExecutionException()
{
// Arrange
var mockWeatherService = new Mock<IWeatherService>();
mockWeatherService
.Setup(s => s.GetForecastAsync("InvalidLocation", It.IsAny<int>()))
.ThrowsAsync(new LocationNotFoundException("Location not found"));
var tool = new WeatherForecastTool(mockWeatherService.Object);
var request = new ToolRequest(
toolName: "weatherForecast",
parameters: JsonSerializer.SerializeToElement(new {
location = "InvalidLocation",
days = 3
})
);
// Act & Assert
var exception = await Assert.ThrowsAsync<ToolExecutionException>(
() => tool.ExecuteAsync(request)
);
Assert.Contains("Location not found", exception.Message);
}Uji bahwa skema valid dan menegakkan batasan dengan benar:
@Test
public void testSchemaValidation() {
// Create tool instance
SearchTool searchTool = new SearchTool();
// Get schema
Object schema = searchTool.getSchema();
// Convert schema to JSON for validation
String schemaJson = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(schema);
// Validate schema is valid JSONSchema
JsonSchemaFactory factory = JsonSchemaFactory.byDefault();
JsonSchema jsonSchema = factory.getJsonSchema(schemaJson);
// Test valid parameters
JsonNode validParams = objectMapper.createObjectNode()
.put("query", "test query")
.put("limit", 5);
ProcessingReport validReport = jsonSchema.validate(validParams);
assertTrue(validReport.isSuccess());
// Test missing required parameter
JsonNode missingRequired = objectMapper.createObjectNode()
.put("limit", 5);
ProcessingReport missingReport = jsonSchema.validate(missingRequired);
assertFalse(missingReport.isSuccess());
// Test invalid parameter type
JsonNode invalidType = objectMapper.createObjectNode()
.put("query", "test")
.put("limit", "not-a-number");
ProcessingReport invalidReport = jsonSchema.validate(invalidType);
assertFalse(invalidReport.isSuccess());
}Buat pengujian khusus untuk kondisi kesalahan:
@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_api_tool_handles_timeout():
# Arrange
tool = ApiTool(timeout=0.1) # Very short timeout
# Mock a request that will time out
with aioresponses() as mocked:
mocked.get(
"https://api.example.com/data",
callback=lambda *args, **kwargs: asyncio.sleep(0.5) # Longer than timeout
)
request = ToolRequest(
tool_name="apiTool",
parameters={"url": "https://api.example.com/data"}
)
# Act & Assert
with pytest.raises(ToolExecutionException) as exc_info:
await tool.execute_async(request)
# Verify exception message
assert "timed out" in str(exc_info.value).lower()
@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_api_tool_handles_rate_limiting():
# Arrange
tool = ApiTool()
# Mock a rate-limited response
with aioresponses() as mocked:
mocked.get(
"https://api.example.com/data",
status=429,
headers={"Retry-After": "2"},
body=json.dumps({"error": "Rate limit exceeded"})
)
request = ToolRequest(
tool_name="apiTool",
parameters={"url": "https://api.example.com/data"}
)
# Act & Assert
with pytest.raises(ToolExecutionException) as exc_info:
await tool.execute_async(request)
# Verify exception contains rate limit information
error_msg = str(exc_info.value).lower()
assert "rate limit" in error_msg
assert "try again" in error_msgUji alat yang bekerja bersama dalam kombinasi yang diharapkan:
[Fact]
public async Task DataProcessingWorkflow_CompletesSuccessfully()
{
// Arrange
var dataFetchTool = new DataFetchTool(mockDataService.Object);
var analysisTools = new DataAnalysisTool(mockAnalysisService.Object);
var visualizationTool = new DataVisualizationTool(mockVisualizationService.Object);
var toolRegistry = new ToolRegistry();
toolRegistry.RegisterTool(dataFetchTool);
toolRegistry.RegisterTool(analysisTools);
toolRegistry.RegisterTool(visualizationTool);
var workflowExecutor = new WorkflowExecutor(toolRegistry);
// Act
var result = await workflowExecutor.ExecuteWorkflowAsync(new[] {
new ToolCall("dataFetch", new { source = "sales2023" }),
new ToolCall("dataAnalysis", ctx => new {
data = ctx.GetResult("dataFetch"),
analysis = "trend"
}),
new ToolCall("dataVisualize", ctx => new {
analysisResult = ctx.GetResult("dataAnalysis"),
type = "line-chart"
})
});
// Assert
Assert.NotNull(result);
Assert.True(result.Success);
Assert.NotNull(result.GetResult("dataVisualize"));
Assert.Contains("chartUrl", result.GetResult("dataVisualize").ToString());
}Uji server MCP dengan pendaftaran alat penuh dan eksekusi:
@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class McpServerIntegrationTest {
@Autowired
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@Autowired
private ObjectMapper objectMapper;
@Test
public void testToolDiscovery() throws Exception {
// Test the discovery endpoint
mockMvc.perform(get("/mcp/tools"))
.andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(jsonPath("$.tools").isArray())
.andExpect(jsonPath("$.tools[*].name").value(hasItems(
"weatherForecast", "calculator", "documentSearch"
)));
}
@Test
public void testToolExecution() throws Exception {
// Create tool request
Map<String, Object> request = new HashMap<>();
request.put("toolName", "calculator");
Map<String, Object> parameters = new HashMap<>();
parameters.put("operation", "add");
parameters.put("a", 5);
parameters.put("b", 7);
request.put("parameters", parameters);
// Send request and verify response
mockMvc.perform(post("/mcp/execute")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
.content(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(request)))
.andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(jsonPath("$.result.value").value(12));
}
@Test
public void testToolValidation() throws Exception {
// Create invalid tool request
Map<String, Object> request = new HashMap<>();
request.put("toolName", "calculator");
Map<String, Object> parameters = new HashMap<>();
parameters.put("operation", "divide");
parameters.put("a", 10);
// Missing parameter "b"
request.put("parameters", parameters);
// Send request and verify error response
mockMvc.perform(post("/mcp/execute")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
.content(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(request)))
.andExpect(status().isBadRequest())
.andExpect(jsonPath("$.error").exists());
}
}Uji alur kerja lengkap dari prompt model hingga eksekusi alat:
@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_model_interaction_with_tool():
# Arrange - Set up MCP client and mock model
mcp_client = McpClient(server_url="http://localhost:5000")
# Mock model responses
mock_model = MockLanguageModel([
MockResponse(
"What's the weather in Seattle?",
tool_calls=[{
"tool_name": "weatherForecast",
"parameters": {"location": "Seattle", "days": 3}
}]
),
MockResponse(
"Here's the weather forecast for Seattle:\n- Today: 65°F, Partly Cloudy\n- Tomorrow: 68°F, Sunny\n- Day after: 62°F, Rain",
tool_calls=[]
)
])
# Mock weather tool response
with aioresponses() as mocked:
mocked.post(
"http://localhost:5000/mcp/execute",
payload={
"result": {
"location": "Seattle",
"forecast": [
{"date": "2023-06-01", "temperature": 65, "conditions": "Partly Cloudy"},
{"date": "2023-06-02", "temperature": 68, "conditions": "Sunny"},
{"date": "2023-06-03", "temperature": 62, "conditions": "Rain"}
]
}
}
)
# Act
response = await mcp_client.send_prompt(
"What's the weather in Seattle?",
model=mock_model,
allowed_tools=["weatherForecast"]
)
# Assert
assert "Seattle" in response.generated_text
assert "65" in response.generated_text
assert "Sunny" in response.generated_text
assert "Rain" in response.generated_text
assert len(response.tool_calls) == 1
assert response.tool_calls[0].tool_name == "weatherForecast"Uji berapa banyak permintaan bersamaan yang dapat ditangani server MCP Anda:
[Fact]
public async Task McpServer_HandlesHighConcurrency()
{
// Arrange
var server = new McpServer(
name: "TestServer",
version: "1.0",
maxConcurrentRequests: 100
);
server.RegisterTool(new FastExecutingTool());
await server.StartAsync();
var client = new McpClient("http://localhost:5000");
// Act
var tasks = new List<Task<McpResponse>>();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
{
tasks.Add(client.ExecuteToolAsync("fastTool", new { iteration = i }));
}
var results = await Task.WhenAll(tasks);
// Assert
Assert.Equal(1000, results.Length);
Assert.All(results, r => Assert.NotNull(r));
}Uji sistem di bawah beban ekstrem:
@Test
public void testServerUnderStress() {
int maxUsers = 1000;
int rampUpTimeSeconds = 60;
int testDurationSeconds = 300;
// Set up JMeter for stress testing
StandardJMeterEngine jmeter = new StandardJMeterEngine();
// Configure JMeter test plan
HashTree testPlanTree = new HashTree();
// Create test plan, thread group, samplers, etc.
TestPlan testPlan = new TestPlan("MCP Server Stress Test");
testPlanTree.add(testPlan);
ThreadGroup threadGroup = new ThreadGroup();
threadGroup.setNumThreads(maxUsers);
threadGroup.setRampUp(rampUpTimeSeconds);
threadGroup.setScheduler(true);
threadGroup.setDuration(testDurationSeconds);
testPlanTree.add(threadGroup);
// Add HTTP sampler for tool execution
HTTPSampler toolExecutionSampler = new HTTPSampler();
toolExecutionSampler.setDomain("localhost");
toolExecutionSampler.setPort(5000);
toolExecutionSampler.setPath("/mcp/execute");
toolExecutionSampler.setMethod("POST");
toolExecutionSampler.addArgument("toolName", "calculator");
toolExecutionSampler.addArgument("parameters", "{\"operation\":\"add\",\"a\":5,\"b\":7}");
threadGroup.add(toolExecutionSampler);
// Add listeners
SummaryReport summaryReport = new SummaryReport();
threadGroup.add(summaryReport);
// Run test
jmeter.configure(testPlanTree);
jmeter.run();
// Validate results
assertEquals(0, summaryReport.getErrorCount());
assertTrue(summaryReport.getAverage() < 200); // Average response time < 200ms
assertTrue(summaryReport.getPercentile(90.0) < 500); // 90th percentile < 500ms
}Siapkan pemantauan untuk analisis kinerja jangka panjang:
# Configure monitoring for an MCP server
def configure_monitoring(server):
# Set up Prometheus metrics
prometheus_metrics = {
"request_count": Counter("mcp_requests_total", "Total MCP requests"),
"request_latency": Histogram(
"mcp_request_duration_seconds",
"Request duration in seconds",
buckets=[0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0]
),
"tool_execution_count": Counter(
"mcp_tool_executions_total",
"Tool execution count",
labelnames=["tool_name"]
),
"tool_execution_latency": Histogram(
"mcp_tool_duration_seconds",
"Tool execution duration in seconds",
labelnames=["tool_name"],
buckets=[0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0]
),
"tool_errors": Counter(
"mcp_tool_errors_total",
"Tool execution errors",
labelnames=["tool_name", "error_type"]
)
}
# Add middleware for timing and recording metrics
server.add_middleware(PrometheusMiddleware(prometheus_metrics))
# Expose metrics endpoint
@server.router.get("/metrics")
async def metrics():
return generate_latest()
return serverAlur kerja MCP yang dirancang dengan baik meningkatkan efisiensi, keandalan, dan kemudahan pemeliharaan. Berikut adalah pola utama yang harus diikuti:
Hubungkan beberapa alat dalam urutan di mana output setiap alat menjadi input untuk alat berikutnya:
# Python Chain of Tools implementation
class ChainWorkflow:
def __init__(self, tools_chain):
self.tools_chain = tools_chain # List of tool names to execute in sequence
async def execute(self, mcp_client, initial_input):
current_result = initial_input
all_results = {"input": initial_input}
for tool_name in self.tools_chain:
# Execute each tool in the chain, passing previous result
response = await mcp_client.execute_tool(tool_name, current_result)
# Store result and use as input for next tool
all_results[tool_name] = response.result
current_result = response.result
return {
"final_result": current_result,
"all_results": all_results
}
# Example usage
data_processing_chain = ChainWorkflow([
"dataFetch",
"dataCleaner",
"dataAnalyzer",
"dataVisualizer"
])
result = await data_processing_chain.execute(
mcp_client,
{"source": "sales_database", "table": "transactions"}
)Gunakan alat pusat yang mengarahkan ke alat khusus berdasarkan input:
public class ContentDispatcherTool : IMcpTool
{
private readonly IMcpClient _mcpClient;
public ContentDispatcherTool(IMcpClient mcpClient)
{
_mcpClient = mcpClient;
}
public string Name => "contentProcessor";
public string Description => "Processes content of various types";
public object GetSchema()
{
return new {
type = "object",
properties = new {
content = new { type = "string" },
contentType = new {
type = "string",
enum = new[] { "text", "html", "markdown", "csv", "code" }
},
operation = new {
type = "string",
enum = new[] { "summarize", "analyze", "extract", "convert" }
}
},
required = new[] { "content", "contentType", "operation" }
};
}
public async Task<ToolResponse> ExecuteAsync(ToolRequest request)
{
var content = request.Parameters.GetProperty("content").GetString();
var contentType = request.Parameters.GetProperty("contentType").GetString();
var operation = request.Parameters.GetProperty("operation").GetString();
// Determine which specialized tool to use
string targetTool = DetermineTargetTool(contentType, operation);
// Forward to the specialized tool
var specializedResponse = await _mcpClient.ExecuteToolAsync(
targetTool,
new { content, options = GetOptionsForTool(targetTool, operation) }
);
return new ToolResponse { Result = specializedResponse.Result };
}
private string DetermineTargetTool(string contentType, string operation)
{
return (contentType, operation) switch
{
("text", "summarize") => "textSummarizer",
("text", "analyze") => "textAnalyzer",
("html", _) => "htmlProcessor",
("markdown", _) => "markdownProcessor",
("csv", _) => "csvProcessor",
("code", _) => "codeAnalyzer",
_ => throw new ToolExecutionException($"No tool available for {contentType}/{operation}")
};
}
private object GetOptionsForTool(string toolName, string operation)
{
// Return appropriate options for each specialized tool
return toolName switch
{
"textSummarizer" => new { length = "medium" },
"htmlProcessor" => new { cleanUp = true, operation },
// Options for other tools...
_ => new { }
};
}
}Jalankan beberapa alat secara bersamaan untuk efisiensi:
public class ParallelDataProcessingWorkflow {
private final McpClient mcpClient;
public ParallelDataProcessingWorkflow(McpClient mcpClient) {
this.mcpClient = mcpClient;
}
public WorkflowResult execute(String datasetId) {
// Step 1: Fetch dataset metadata (synchronous)
ToolResponse metadataResponse = mcpClient.executeTool("datasetMetadata",
Map.of("datasetId", datasetId));
// Step 2: Launch multiple analyses in parallel
CompletableFuture<ToolResponse> statisticalAnalysis = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() ->
mcpClient.executeTool("statisticalAnalysis", Map.of(
"datasetId", datasetId,
"type", "comprehensive"
))
);
CompletableFuture<ToolResponse> correlationAnalysis = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() ->
mcpClient.executeTool("correlationAnalysis", Map.of(
"datasetId", datasetId,
"method", "pearson"
))
);
CompletableFuture<ToolResponse> outlierDetection = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() ->
mcpClient.executeTool("outlierDetection", Map.of(
"datasetId", datasetId,
"sensitivity", "medium"
))
);
// Wait for all parallel tasks to complete
CompletableFuture<Void> allAnalyses = CompletableFuture.allOf(
statisticalAnalysis, correlationAnalysis, outlierDetection
);
allAnalyses.join(); // Wait for completion
// Step 3: Combine results
Map<String, Object> combinedResults = new HashMap<>();
combinedResults.put("metadata", metadataResponse.getResult());
combinedResults.put("statistics", statisticalAnalysis.join().getResult());
combinedResults.put("correlations", correlationAnalysis.join().getResult());
combinedResults.put("outliers", outlierDetection.join().getResult());
// Step 4: Generate summary report
ToolResponse summaryResponse = mcpClient.executeTool("reportGenerator",
Map.of("analysisResults", combinedResults));
// Return complete workflow result
WorkflowResult result = new WorkflowResult();
result.setDatasetId(datasetId);
result.setAnalysisResults(combinedResults);
result.setSummaryReport(summaryResponse.getResult());
return result;
}
}Terapkan fallback yang baik untuk kegagalan alat:
class ResilientWorkflow:
def __init__(self, mcp_client):
self.client = mcp_client
async def execute_with_fallback(self, primary_tool, fallback_tool, parameters):
try:
# Try primary tool first
response = await self.client.execute_tool(primary_tool, parameters)
return {
"result": response.result,
"source": "primary",
"tool": primary_tool
}
except ToolExecutionException as e:
# Log the failure
logging.warning(f"Primary tool '{primary_tool}' failed: {str(e)}")
# Fall back to secondary tool
try:
# Might need to transform parameters for fallback tool
fallback_params = self._adapt_parameters(parameters, primary_tool, fallback_tool)
response = await self.client.execute_tool(fallback_tool, fallback_params)
return {
"result": response.result,
"source": "fallback",
"tool": fallback_tool,
"primaryError": str(e)
}
except ToolExecutionException as fallback_error:
# Both tools failed
logging.error(f"Both primary and fallback tools failed. Fallback error: {str(fallback_error)}")
raise WorkflowExecutionException(
f"Workflow failed: primary error: {str(e)}; fallback error: {str(fallback_error)}"
)
def _adapt_parameters(self, params, from_tool, to_tool):
"""Adapt parameters between different tools if needed"""
# This implementation would depend on the specific tools
# For this example, we'll just return the original parameters
return params
# Example usage
async def get_weather(workflow, location):
return await workflow.execute_with_fallback(
"premiumWeatherService", # Primary (paid) weather API
"basicWeatherService", # Fallback (free) weather API
{"location": location}
)Bangun alur kerja yang kompleks dengan menggabungkan alur kerja yang lebih sederhana:
public class CompositeWorkflow : IWorkflow
{
private readonly List<IWorkflow> _workflows;
public CompositeWorkflow(IEnumerable<IWorkflow> workflows)
{
_workflows = new List<IWorkflow>(workflows);
}
public async Task<WorkflowResult> ExecuteAsync(WorkflowContext context)
{
var results = new Dictionary<string, object>();
foreach (var workflow in _workflows)
{
var workflowResult = await workflow.ExecuteAsync(context);
// Store each workflow's result
results[workflow.Name] = workflowResult;
// Update context with the result for the next workflow
context = context.WithResult(workflow.Name, workflowResult);
}
return new WorkflowResult(results);
}
public string Name => "CompositeWorkflow";
public string Description => "Executes multiple workflows in sequence";
}
// Example usage
var documentWorkflow = new CompositeWorkflow(new IWorkflow[] {
new DocumentFetchWorkflow(),
new DocumentProcessingWorkflow(),
new InsightGenerationWorkflow(),
new ReportGenerationWorkflow()
});
var result = await documentWorkflow.ExecuteAsync(new WorkflowContext {
Parameters = new { documentId = "12345" }
});Pengujian adalah aspek penting dalam mengembangkan server MCP yang andal dan berkualitas tinggi. Panduan ini memberikan praktik terbaik dan tips komprehensif untuk menguji server MCP Anda sepanjang siklus pengembangan, mulai dari pengujian unit hingga pengujian integrasi dan validasi ujung ke ujung.
Server MCP berfungsi sebagai middleware penting antara model AI dan aplikasi klien. Pengujian yang menyeluruh memastikan:
- Keandalan di lingkungan produksi
- Penanganan permintaan dan respons yang akurat
- Implementasi spesifikasi MCP yang benar
- Ketahanan terhadap kegagalan dan kasus tepi
- Kinerja yang konsisten di bawah berbagai beban
Pengujian unit memverifikasi komponen individu server MCP Anda secara terpisah.
- Handler Sumber Daya: Uji logika setiap handler sumber daya secara independen
- Implementasi Alat: Verifikasi perilaku alat dengan berbagai input
- Template Prompt: Pastikan template prompt dirender dengan benar
- Validasi Skema: Uji logika validasi parameter
- Penanganan Kesalahan: Verifikasi respons kesalahan untuk input yang tidak valid
// Example unit test for a calculator tool in C#
[Fact]
public async Task CalculatorTool_Add_ReturnsCorrectSum()
{
// Arrange
var calculator = new CalculatorTool();
var parameters = new Dictionary<string, object>
{
["operation"] = "add",
["a"] = 5,
["b"] = 7
};
// Act
var response = await calculator.ExecuteAsync(parameters);
var result = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<CalculationResult>(response.Content[0].ToString());
// Assert
Assert.Equal(12, result.Value);
}# Example unit test for a calculator tool in Python
def test_calculator_tool_add():
# Arrange
calculator = CalculatorTool()
parameters = {
"operation": "add",
"a": 5,
"b": 7
}
# Act
response = calculator.execute(parameters)
result = json.loads(response.content[0].text)
# Assert
assert result["value"] == 12Pengujian integrasi memverifikasi interaksi antara komponen server MCP Anda.
- Inisialisasi Server: Uji startup server dengan berbagai konfigurasi
- Pendaftaran Rute: Verifikasi semua endpoint terdaftar dengan benar
- Pemrosesan Permintaan: Uji siklus penuh permintaan-respons
- Propagasi Kesalahan: Pastikan kesalahan ditangani dengan baik di seluruh komponen
- Autentikasi & Otorisasi: Uji mekanisme keamanan
// Example integration test for MCP server in C#
[Fact]
public async Task Server_ProcessToolRequest_ReturnsValidResponse()
{
// Arrange
var server = new McpServer();
server.RegisterTool(new CalculatorTool());
await server.StartAsync();
var request = new McpRequest
{
Tool = "calculator",
Parameters = new Dictionary<string, object>
{
["operation"] = "multiply",
["a"] = 6,
["b"] = 7
}
};
// Act
var response = await server.ProcessRequestAsync(request);
// Assert
Assert.NotNull(response);
Assert.Equal(McpStatusCodes.Success, response.StatusCode);
// Additional assertions for response content
// Cleanup
await server.StopAsync();
}Pengujian ujung ke ujung memverifikasi perilaku sistem lengkap dari klien ke server.
- Komunikasi Klien-Server: Uji siklus permintaan-respons lengkap
- SDK Klien Nyata: Uji dengan implementasi klien yang sebenarnya
- Kinerja di Bawah Beban: Verifikasi perilaku dengan banyak permintaan bersamaan
- Pemulihan Kesalahan: Uji pemulihan sistem dari kegagalan
- Operasi Jangka Panjang: Verifikasi penanganan streaming dan operasi panjang
// Example E2E test with a client in TypeScript
describe('MCP Server E2E Tests', () => {
let client: McpClient;
beforeAll(async () => {
// Start server in test environment
await startTestServer();
client = new McpClient('http://localhost:5000');
});
afterAll(async () => {
await stopTestServer();
});
test('Client can invoke calculator tool and get correct result', async () => {
// Act
const response = await client.invokeToolAsync('calculator', {
operation: 'divide',
a: 20,
b: 4
});
// Assert
expect(response.statusCode).toBe(200);
expect(response.content[0].text).toContain('5');
});
});Mocking sangat penting untuk mengisolasi komponen selama pengujian.
- Model AI Eksternal: Mock respons model untuk pengujian yang dapat diprediksi
- Layanan Eksternal: Mock dependensi API (database, layanan pihak ketiga)
- Layanan Autentikasi: Mock penyedia identitas
- Penyedia Sumber Daya: Mock handler sumber daya yang mahal
// C# example with Moq
var mockModel = new Mock<ILanguageModel>();
mockModel
.Setup(m => m.GenerateResponseAsync(
It.IsAny<string>(),
It.IsAny<McpRequestContext>()))
.ReturnsAsync(new ModelResponse {
Text = "Mocked model response",
FinishReason = FinishReason.Completed
});
var server = new McpServer(modelClient: mockModel.Object);# Python example with unittest.mock
@patch('mcp_server.models.OpenAIModel')
def test_with_mock_model(mock_model):
# Configure mock
mock_model.return_value.generate_response.return_value = {
"text": "Mocked model response",
"finish_reason": "completed"
}
# Use mock in test
server = McpServer(model_client=mock_model)
# Continue with testPengujian kinerja sangat penting untuk server MCP produksi.
- Latensi: Waktu respons untuk permintaan
- Throughput: Permintaan yang ditangani per detik
- Penggunaan Sumber Daya: Penggunaan CPU, memori, jaringan
- Penanganan Konkuren: Perilaku di bawah permintaan paralel
- Karakteristik Skalabilitas: Kinerja saat beban meningkat
- k6: Alat pengujian beban open-source
- JMeter: Pengujian kinerja yang komprehensif
- Locust: Pengujian beban berbasis Python
- Azure Load Testing: Pengujian kinerja berbasis cloud
// k6 script for load testing MCP server
import http from 'k6/http';
import { check, sleep } from 'k6';
export const options = {
vus: 10, // 10 virtual users
duration: '30s',
};
export default function () {
const payload = JSON.stringify({
tool: 'calculator',
parameters: {
operation: 'add',
a: Math.floor(Math.random() * 100),
b: Math.floor(Math.random() * 100)
}
});
const params = {
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'application/json',
'Authorization': 'Bearer test-token'
},
};
const res = http.post('http://localhost:5000/api/tools/invoke', payload, params);
check(res, {
'status is 200': (r) => r.status === 200,
'response time < 500ms': (r) => r.timings.duration < 500,
});
sleep(1);
}Mengotomasi pengujian Anda memastikan kualitas yang konsisten dan siklus umpan balik yang lebih cepat.
- Jalankan Pengujian Unit pada Pull Request: Pastikan perubahan kode tidak merusak fungsionalitas yang ada
- Pengujian Integrasi di Staging: Jalankan pengujian integrasi di lingkungan pra-produksi
- Tolok Ukur Performa: Pertahankan tolok ukur performa untuk mendeteksi regresi
- Pemindaian Keamanan: Otomatiskan pengujian keamanan sebagai bagian dari pipeline
name: MCP Server Tests
on:
push:
branches: [ main ]
pull_request:
branches: [ main ]
jobs:
test:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v2
- name: Set up Runtime
uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v1
with:
dotnet-version: '8.0.x'
- name: Restore dependencies
run: dotnet restore
- name: Build
run: dotnet build --no-restore
- name: Unit Tests
run: dotnet test --no-build --filter Category=Unit
- name: Integration Tests
run: dotnet test --no-build --filter Category=Integration
- name: Performance Tests
run: dotnet run --project tests/PerformanceTests/PerformanceTests.csprojPastikan server Anda mengimplementasikan spesifikasi MCP dengan benar.
- Endpoint API: Uji endpoint yang diwajibkan (/resources, /tools, dll.)
- Format Permintaan/Respons: Validasi kepatuhan terhadap skema
- Kode Kesalahan: Verifikasi kode status yang benar untuk berbagai skenario
- Jenis Konten: Uji penanganan berbagai jenis konten
- Alur Autentikasi: Verifikasi mekanisme autentikasi yang sesuai spesifikasi
[Fact]
public async Task Server_ResourceEndpoint_ReturnsCorrectSchema()
{
// Arrange
var client = new HttpClient();
client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Authorization", "Bearer test-token");
// Act
var response = await client.GetAsync("http://localhost:5000/api/resources");
var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
var resources = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ResourceList>(content);
// Assert
Assert.Equal(HttpStatusCode.OK, response.StatusCode);
Assert.NotNull(resources);
Assert.All(resources.Resources, resource =>
{
Assert.NotNull(resource.Id);
Assert.NotNull(resource.Type);
// Additional schema validation
});
}- Uji Definisi Alat Secara Terpisah: Verifikasi definisi skema secara independen dari logika alat
- Gunakan Pengujian Parameterisasi: Uji alat dengan berbagai input, termasuk kasus ekstrem
- Periksa Respons Kesalahan: Verifikasi penanganan kesalahan yang tepat untuk semua kondisi kesalahan yang mungkin
- Uji Logika Otorisasi: Pastikan kontrol akses yang benar untuk berbagai peran pengguna
- Pantau Cakupan Pengujian: Targetkan cakupan tinggi untuk kode jalur kritis
- Uji Respons Streaming: Verifikasi penanganan konten streaming dengan benar
- Simulasikan Masalah Jaringan: Uji perilaku di bawah kondisi jaringan yang buruk
- Uji Batas Sumber Daya: Verifikasi perilaku saat mencapai kuota atau batas laju
- Otomatiskan Pengujian Regresi: Bangun suite yang berjalan pada setiap perubahan kode
- Dokumentasikan Kasus Pengujian: Pertahankan dokumentasi yang jelas untuk skenario pengujian
- Terlalu bergantung pada pengujian jalur bahagia: Pastikan untuk menguji kasus kesalahan secara menyeluruh
- Mengabaikan pengujian performa: Identifikasi hambatan sebelum memengaruhi produksi
- Hanya menguji secara terisolasi: Gabungkan pengujian unit, integrasi, dan E2E
- Cakupan API yang tidak lengkap: Pastikan semua endpoint dan fitur diuji
- Lingkungan pengujian yang tidak konsisten: Gunakan container untuk memastikan lingkungan pengujian yang konsisten
Strategi pengujian yang komprehensif sangat penting untuk mengembangkan server MCP yang andal dan berkualitas tinggi. Dengan menerapkan praktik terbaik dan tips yang diuraikan dalam panduan ini, Anda dapat memastikan implementasi MCP Anda memenuhi standar kualitas, keandalan, dan performa tertinggi.
- Desain Alat: Ikuti prinsip tanggung jawab tunggal, gunakan dependency injection, dan desain untuk komposabilitas
- Desain Skema: Buat skema yang jelas, terdokumentasi dengan baik, dan memiliki batasan validasi yang tepat
- Penanganan Kesalahan: Implementasikan penanganan kesalahan yang baik, respons kesalahan yang terstruktur, dan logika retry
- Performa: Gunakan caching, pemrosesan asinkron, dan pembatasan sumber daya
- Keamanan: Terapkan validasi input yang menyeluruh, pemeriksaan otorisasi, dan penanganan data sensitif
- Pengujian: Buat pengujian unit, integrasi, dan end-to-end yang komprehensif
- Pola Alur Kerja: Terapkan pola yang sudah mapan seperti chains, dispatchers, dan pemrosesan paralel
Desain alat MCP dan alur kerja untuk sistem pemrosesan dokumen yang:
- Menerima dokumen dalam berbagai format (PDF, DOCX, TXT)
- Mengekstrak teks dan informasi utama dari dokumen
- Mengklasifikasikan dokumen berdasarkan jenis dan konten
- Menghasilkan ringkasan untuk setiap dokumen
Implementasikan skema alat, penanganan kesalahan, dan pola alur kerja yang paling sesuai untuk skenario ini. Pertimbangkan bagaimana Anda akan menguji implementasi ini.
- Bergabunglah dengan komunitas MCP di Azure AI Foundry Discord Community untuk tetap mendapatkan pembaruan terbaru
- Berkontribusi pada proyek MCP open-source
- Terapkan prinsip MCP dalam inisiatif AI organisasi Anda sendiri
- Jelajahi implementasi MCP khusus untuk industri Anda
- Pertimbangkan untuk mengikuti kursus lanjutan tentang topik MCP tertentu, seperti integrasi multi-modal atau integrasi aplikasi perusahaan
- Bereksperimenlah dengan membangun alat dan alur kerja MCP Anda sendiri menggunakan prinsip yang dipelajari melalui Hands on Lab
Selanjutnya: Praktik Terbaik studi kasus
Penafian:
Dokumen ini telah diterjemahkan menggunakan layanan penerjemahan AI Co-op Translator. Meskipun kami berupaya untuk memberikan hasil yang akurat, harap diperhatikan bahwa terjemahan otomatis mungkin mengandung kesalahan atau ketidakakuratan. Dokumen asli dalam bahasa aslinya harus dianggap sebagai sumber yang berwenang. Untuk informasi yang bersifat kritis, disarankan menggunakan jasa penerjemahan manusia profesional. Kami tidak bertanggung jawab atas kesalahpahaman atau penafsiran yang keliru yang timbul dari penggunaan terjemahan ini.