wordpress-learning-kit/19-migration-config.html at main · coowinit/wordpress-learning-kit · GitHub

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>19 迁移、配置与环境</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/common.css">
</head>
<body>
  <main class="page">
    <section class="hero">
      <div class="hero-card">
        <h1>19 迁移、配置与环境</h1>
        <p>整理 wp-config、环境判断、URL 设置、上传路径、search-replace 和维护模式。</p>
      </div>
      <img src="assets/19-migration-config.svg" alt="19 迁移、配置与环境">
    </section>

    <nav class="nav">
      <a href="index.html">首页</a>
      <a href="01-hooks-functions.html">01</a>
      <a href="02-theme-setup-assets.html">02</a>
      <a href="03-template-loop-conditions.html">03</a>
      <a href="04-cpt-taxonomy.html">04</a>
      <a href="05-media-images.html">05</a>
      <a href="06-menus-widgets-sidebars.html">06</a>
      <a href="07-admin-ui-settings.html">07</a>
      <a href="08-plugin-architecture.html">08</a>
      <a href="09-shortcodes-content.html">09</a>
      <a href="10-gutenberg-blocks.html">10</a>
      <a href="11-elementor-integration.html">11</a>
      <a href="12-customizer-settings-api.html">12</a>
      <a href="13-forms-email-ajax.html">13</a>
      <a href="14-security-permissions.html">14</a>
      <a href="15-users-roles-capabilities.html">15</a>
      <a href="16-rest-api-ajax.html">16</a>
      <a href="17-seo-schema-head.html">17</a>
      <a href="18-performance-cache.html">18</a>
      <a href="19-migration-config.html">19</a>
      <a href="20-debug-testing-maintenance.html">20</a>
    </nav>

    <section class="card">
      <h2>本页关键词</h2>
      <div class="tag-list">
        <span>wp-config.php</span>
        <span>WP_HOME</span>
        <span>WP_SITEURL</span>
        <span>WP_ENVIRONMENT_TYPE</span>
        <span>migration</span>
      </div>
    </section>

    <section class="card">
      <h2>学习目标</h2>
      <ul class="checklist">
        <li>理解 wp-config 常见配置</li>
        <li>会区分开发/生产环境</li>
        <li>知道迁移时 URL 和数据库配置重点</li>
        <li>知道敏感信息不要上传</li>
      </ul>
    </section>

    <section class="card">
      <h2>代码使用提醒</h2>
      <p>本页代码适合用于学习和研究。复制到正式网站前，请先备份，并优先在测试环境验证。</p>
      <p>涉及用户输入、后台保存、接口请求、删除操作和邮件发送时，要同时考虑权限、nonce、sanitize、validate 和 escape。</p>
    </section>

    <section class="code-grid">

    <article class="code-card">
      <div class="code-title">
        <h3>1. 数据库配置</h3>
        <span class="badge">配置</span>
      </div>
      <div class="code">&lt;?php
define( 'DB_NAME', 'database_name_here' );
define( 'DB_USER', 'username_here' );
define( 'DB_PASSWORD', 'password_here' );
define( 'DB_HOST', 'localhost' );
define( 'DB_CHARSET', 'utf8' );
define( 'DB_COLLATE', '' );</div>
      <div class="code-note">不要把真实数据库密码提交到公开仓库。</div>
    </article>


    <article class="code-card">
      <div class="code-title">
        <h3>2. 固定站点 URL</h3>
        <span class="badge">迁移</span>
      </div>
      <div class="code">&lt;?php
define( 'WP_HOME', 'https://example.com' );
define( 'WP_SITEURL', 'https://example.com' );</div>
      <div class="code-note">迁移后后台进不去时，可临时在 wp-config.php 中指定 URL。</div>
    </article>


    <article class="code-card">
      <div class="code-title">
        <h3>3. 环境类型</h3>
        <span class="badge">配置</span>
      </div>
      <div class="code">&lt;?php
define( 'WP_ENVIRONMENT_TYPE', 'development' ); // local, development, staging, production

if ( 'production' !== wp_get_environment_type() ) {
    define( 'WP_DEBUG', true );
    define( 'WP_DEBUG_LOG', true );
    define( 'WP_DEBUG_DISPLAY', false );
}</div>
      <div class="code-note">不同环境使用不同调试策略。</div>
    </article>


    <article class="code-card">
      <div class="code-title">
        <h3>4. 提高内存限制</h3>
        <span class="badge">配置</span>
      </div>
      <div class="code">&lt;?php
define( 'WP_MEMORY_LIMIT', '256M' );
define( 'WP_MAX_MEMORY_LIMIT', '512M' );</div>
      <div class="code-note">是否生效还取决于主机和 PHP 配置。</div>
    </article>


    <article class="code-card">
      <div class="code-title">
        <h3>5. 禁用文件编辑器</h3>
        <span class="badge">安全</span>
      </div>
      <div class="code">&lt;?php
define( 'DISALLOW_FILE_EDIT', true );</div>
      <div class="code-note">生产站建议禁用后台主题/插件编辑器。</div>
    </article>


    <article class="code-card">
      <div class="code-title">
        <h3>6. 迁移后 WP-CLI 替换域名示例</h3>
        <span class="badge">运维</span>
      </div>
      <div class="code">wp search-replace 'https://old-domain.com' 'https://new-domain.com' --skip-columns=guid --dry-run

wp search-replace 'https://old-domain.com' 'https://new-domain.com' --skip-columns=guid</div>
      <div class="code-note">先 dry-run 检查。WP-CLI 能正确处理序列化数据。</div>
    </article>


    <article class="code-card">
      <div class="code-title">
        <h3>7. 维护模式文件</h3>
        <span class="badge">运维</span>
      </div>
      <div class="code">&lt;?php
// .maintenance 文件示例
$upgrading = time();</div>
      <div class="code-note">根目录存在 .maintenance 时，WordPress 会进入维护模式。更新失败时可检查是否残留该文件。</div>
    </article>

    </section>

    <section class="summary-box">
      <h2>本页总结</h2>
      <p>迁移和环境配置重点是 wp-config、URL、数据库和调试策略。真实密码和 API Key 不要进入公开代码仓库。</p>
    </section>
  </main>
</body>
</html>