See: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/Enforcing_signature_checking_by_default
Change the RPM default package verification mode to enforcing signature checking, to follow upstream RPM 6.0 default: only packages with a verified signature can be installed, unless explicitly overridden by --nosignature or corresponding API.
I'm not fully sure this will impact rpm-ostree.
Workaround would be to ask users to sign their unsigned packages and import the GPG key locally.