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doc.go
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// Package errors provides simple error handling primitives and behavioral errors.
//
// Hello there! Read the presentation http://dave.cheney.net/paste/gocon-spring-2016.pdf
// to see what the big deal is.
//
// http://dave.cheney.net/2016/04/27/dont-just-check-errors-handle-them-gracefully
//
// Read this for asserting errors for their behaviour http://dave.cheney.net/2014/12/24/inspecting-errors
//
// The traditional error handling idiom in Go is roughly akin to
//
// if err != nil {
// return err
// }
//
// which when applied recursively up the call stack results in error reports
// without context or debugging information. The errors package allows
// programmers to add context to the failure path in their code in a way
// that does not destroy the original value of the error.
//
// Adding context to an error
//
// The errors.Wrap function returns a new error that adds context to the
// original error by recording a stack trace at the point Wrap is called,
// together with the supplied message. For example
//
// _, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r)
// if err != nil {
// return errors.Wrap(err, "read failed")
// }
//
// If additional control is required the errors.WithStack and errors.WithMessage
// functions destructure errors.Wrap into its component operations of annotating
// an error with a stack trace and an a message, respectively.
//
// Retrieving the cause of an error
//
// Using errors.Wrap constructs a stack of errors, adding context to the
// preceding error. Depending on the nature of the error it may be necessary to
// reverse the operation of errors.Wrap to retrieve the original error for
// inspection. Any error value which implements this interface
//
// type causer interface {
// Cause() error
// }
//
// can be inspected by errors.Cause. errors.Cause will recursively retrieve the
// topmost error that does not implement causer, which is assumed to be the
// original cause. For example:
//
// switch err := errors.Cause(err).(type) {
// case *MyError:
// // handle specifically
// default:
// // unknown error
// }
//
// Although the causer interface is not exported by this package, it is
// considered a part of its stable public interface.
//
// With the new standard package error we have two new ways to figure what is
// the cause of our error:
//
// var target *MyError
// if errors.As(err, &target) {
// // handle specifically
// } else {
// // unknown error
// }
//
// or even with sentinel errors:
//
// var ErrMyError = errors.New("my sentinel error")
// if errors.Is(err, ErrMyError) {
// // handle specifically
// } else {
// // unknown error
// }
//
// Formatted printing of errors
//
// All error values returned from this package implement fmt.Formatter and can
// be formatted by the fmt package. The following verbs are supported:
//
// %s print the error. If the error has a Cause it will be
// printed recursively.
// %v see %s
// %+v extended format. Each Frame of the error's StackTrace will
// be printed in detail.
//
// Retrieving the stack trace of an error or wrapper
//
// New, Errorf, Wrap, and Wrapf record a stack trace at the point they are
// invoked. This information can be retrieved with the following interface:
//
// type stackTracer interface {
// StackTrace() errors.StackTrace
// }
//
// The returned errors.StackTrace type is defined as
//
// type StackTrace []Frame
//
// The Frame type represents a call site in the stack trace. Frame supports the
// fmt.Formatter interface that can be used for printing information about the
// stack trace of this error. For example:
//
// if err, ok := err.(stackTracer); ok {
// for _, f := range err.StackTrace() {
// fmt.Printf("%+s:%d\n", f, f)
// }
// }
//
// Although the stackTracer interface is not exported by this package, it is
// considered a part of its stable public interface.
//
// See the documentation for Frame.Format for more details.
package errors