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Term
Definition
Computational Thinking
Using techniques such as abstraction, decomposition, and algorithmic thinking to solve a complex problem
Abstraction
Picking out the most important elements of a problem and ignoring the irrelevant details
Decomposition
Breaking down a complex problem into smaller, more manageable problems
Algorithm
A series of logical steps which can be taken to solve a problem
Pseudocode
A simplified coding language without any specific syntax
Flowchart
A diagram used to show a process. Often used to show algorithm functionality using shapes and arrows.
Variable
A data value that can be changed
Constant
A data value that always remains the same
Term
Definition
Agent-based Modelling
A simulation method to examine interaction between a group of ‘agents’ in order to understand their behaviour
Model
A representation of a real-life system or situation using technology
Agent
In the context of ABMs, the agent makes decisions based on the environment they are in
Emergent behaviour
A behaviour noticed when a group of agents are observed interacting with each other
Term
Definition
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
A character set more commonly known as ASCII
ASCII
The most popular English character set which represents 128 different characters using 7-bit binary codes
Extended ASCII
Uses 8-bit binary codes, allowing for the representation of 128 more characters than the original ASCII character
Unicode
A character set which can represent emojis and characters from most major world languages
Term
Definition
Protocol
A set of rules which determine the way data is transmitted across a network
HTTP
Protocol seen at the beginning of a web address used communicate with a web server
HTTPS
Secure version of HTTP. Necessary for online payments and access to online banking
Internet Protocol
Governs the sending of data over the Internet
VoIP
Sends voice data over the Internet. Used in many communication applications such as Skype and WhatsApp
Transmission Control Protocol
Ensures correct transmission of data packets over a network
MAC address
An address that is used to identify a device on a network
Uniform Resource Locator
The unique address of a web page or resource on the Web
Term
Definition
Artificial Intelligence
Enabling computers to carry out tasks that humans do, to the same standard as a human
Machine Learning
Computer systems and programs gradually becoming more accurate and precise without direct input from a programmer
Alan Turing
The developer of the Turing Machine (an important mathematical machine in the development of computers as they are today)
Augmented Reality
An enhanced version of the real world created using technology
A-0
The first high-level programming language, created by Grace Hopper in 1953
Cloud Computing
Using services hosted on the Internet
Von Neumann Architecture
The most common computer architecture used. It is composed of the CPU, input and output devices, a bus and memory
Cryptography
The encryption and decoding of messages sent through a computer
Term
Definition
Ethics
The morals that govern the decisions we make (i.e. what is considered to be right and wrong)
Stakeholder
Someone who has interest in or is affected by a particular situation
Environment
Where we live and our surroundings (which we must aim to conserve and protect
Tim Berners-Lee
The inventor of the World Wide Web (1989)
Censorship
The controlling of what people can view on the Internet
Surveillance
The monitoring of what people are viewing on the Internet
Cyberbullying
The use of social media to intentionally cause harm to someone else
General Data Protection Regulation Act
An act brought in to protect people’s personal information when it is collected and processed
Term
Definition
Binary
Base 2 number system. Represented by the digits 1 and 0
Denary
Base 10 number system, also known as decimal. The number system we use in daily life (1,2,3,4,5,etc.)
Hexadecimal
Base 16 number system. Represented by digits 1-9 and letters A-F
Bit
One single binary digit (1 or 0)
Nibble
4 bits (binary digits)
Byte
8 bits (binary digits)
Kilobyte
1024 bytes
Megabyte
1024 kilobytes
Gigabyte
1024 megabytes
Terabyte
1024 gigabytes
Petabyte
1024 terabytes
Data type
Used to classify data based on its intended use. (E.g. strings are used to store text whilst integers and floats are used for number data)
String
Data type used to store text (such as names and surnames)
Integer
Data type used to store positive and negative whole numbers
Float
Data type used to store numbers with decimal points. Also known as a floating point number
Boolean
Data type used for true/false statements
Term
Definition
AI
Artificial Intelligence
ALU
Arithmetic Logic Unit
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
BIOS
Basic Input Output System
CPU
Central Processing Unit
CSS
Cascading Style Sheets
CSV
Comma-separated values
GB
Gigabyte
GDPR
General Data Protection Regulation
GUI
Graphical User Interface
HTML
HyperText Markup Language
HTTP
HyperText Transfer Protocol
HTTPS
HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure
IoT
Internet of Things
IP
Internet Protocol
JS
JavaScript
KB
Kilobyte
LAN
Local Area Network
LED
Light Emitting Diode
MB
Megabyte
OS
Operation System
PC
Personal Computer
PNG
Portable Network Graphics
RAM
Random Access Memory
ROM
Read Only Memory
TCP
Transmission Control Protocol
UI
User Interface
URL
Uniform Resource Locator
USB
Universal Serial Bus
WAN
Wide Area Network
WIMP
Windows, Icons, Menus and Pointers
WWW
World Wide Web
Software Design and Development
Term
Definition
User-centred Design
A design process that prioritises the needs and wants of the user
Universal Design
The designing of a product so that anyone can use it
User Interface
What the user sees and interacts with when using a device
IDE
Integrated Development Environment
Iteration
The repetition of steps in a process
High-level Programming Language
Programming language that is easy to write in for humans. It must be converted into machine code for the computer to understand it
Recursion
When an algorithm (or function) calls itself until a particular condition (termination condition) is met
SQL
Structured Query Language
World Wide Web and Internet
Term
Definition
World Wide Web
A system of connected files and web pages hosted on the Internet
Internet
A global network of networks which connects devices all over the world
Cloud
A server which utilises the Internet to store files and data