unit3_BrowsingTheFilesystem.md

the home directoires

• /root,/home/<username>

the bin directories

• /bin,/usr/bin,/usr/local/bin
• /sbin,/usr/sbin,/usr/local/sbin

foregin filesystem mountpoints

• /media,/mnt

linux file hierarchy concepts

• /etc -system config files
• /tmp -temporary files
• /boot -kernel and bootloader
• /dev -device
• /usr -programs
• /lost+found
• /var,/srv -server data
• /proc -system information
• /lib,/usr/lib,/usr/local/lib -libraries

changing directories

• pwd
• cd ~/Documents
• cd /usr/local/doc
• cd ..
• cd -
• cd

listing directory contents

• ls
• ls /
• ls -a
• ls -l /usr
• ls -ld

copying files and directories

• cp file1 ~/
• cp -r doc ~/
• cp -a doc ~/

moving and rename files and directories

• mv doc/file1 source
• mv doc/file2 doc/file2 source
• rm doc/file1
• rm -r doc/
• rm -fr /home/mskv/tmp/

creating and removing files

• touch /home/mskv/newfile 建立档案如果存在，只更新时间戳
• mkdir ~/newdir
• rm newdir 移除空目录
• rm -rf ~/newdir2

using nautilus

• nautilus

• file ~/file1

viewing an entire test file

• cat file1
• cat -A file1
• cat -s file1
• cat -b file1
• less file1