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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>addr2line</title>
<style>
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<h1 id="addr2line">addr2line</h1>
<p>一个提取自linux addr2line命令的c语言库。能够将可执行文件16进制字符串型地址解析出对应文件名、函数名和源码行号。</p>
<h2 id="一安装">一、安装</h2>
<h2 id="1-依赖库安装">1. 依赖库安装</h2>
<h3 id="1bfdiberty">(1)bfd、iberty</h3>
<pre><code class="language-bash"><div>➜ wget https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/binutils-2.38.tar.gz
......
➜ tar -zxvf binutils-2.38.tar.gz
......
➜ <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> binutils-2.38 && mkdir build && <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> build
➜ ../configure
......
➜ sudo make
......
➜ sudo make install
......
➜ sudo cp libiberty/libiberty.a /usr/<span class="hljs-built_in">local</span>/lib/
➜ sudo <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> .. && cp include/libiberty.h /usr/<span class="hljs-built_in">local</span>/include/
➜ sudo vim /usr/<span class="hljs-built_in">local</span>/include/bfd.h
</div></code></pre>
<p>然后将以下三行注释掉</p>
<pre><code class="language-c"><div><span class="hljs-comment">// #if !defined PACKAGE && !defined PACKAGE_VERSION</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// #error config.h must be included before this header</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// #endif</span>
</div></code></pre>
<h3 id="2zlib">(2)zlib</h3>
<pre><code class="language-bash"><div>➜ wget http://www.zlib.net/zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
......
➜ tar -zxvf zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
......
➜ Documents <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> zlib-1.2.11 && mkdir build && <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> build
➜ ../configure
......
➜ sudo make
......
➜ sudo make install
......
</div></code></pre>
<h2 id="2-编译">2. 编译</h2>
<h2 id="二例程">二、例程</h2>
<p>一个在屏幕输出调用dump()函数的调用栈，以及对应的文件名、函数名和源码行号的程序。</p>
<pre><code class="language-c"><div><span class="hljs-meta">#<span class="hljs-meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="hljs-meta-string">"addr2line.h"</span></span>
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">dump</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>
</span>{
<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> size = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> *buf[<span class="hljs-number">256</span>] = {<span class="hljs-number">0</span>};
<span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> **cbuf = <span class="hljs-literal">NULL</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">//存储16进制地址字符串</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> **addresses = <span class="hljs-literal">NULL</span>;
size = backtrace(buf, <span class="hljs-keyword">sizeof</span>(buf) / (<span class="hljs-keyword">sizeof</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> *)));
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (!size)
{
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span>;
}
addresses = backtrace_symbols(buf, size);
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (addresses == <span class="hljs-literal">NULL</span>)
{
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span>;
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> *file_name = (<span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> *)<span class="hljs-built_in">malloc</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">sizeof</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">char</span>) * <span class="hljs-number">30</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">//确保当执行文件名过长时，不会溢出。</span>
get_this_file_name(file_name);<span class="hljs-comment">//获得当前进程名称</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (file_bfd_open(file_name, <span class="hljs-literal">NULL</span>) == error)
{
<span class="hljs-built_in">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"bfd file open failed."</span>);
<span class="hljs-built_in">free</span>(addresses);
<span class="hljs-built_in">free</span>(file_name);
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> error;
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> result = nonsense;
cbuf = (<span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> **)<span class="hljs-built_in">malloc</span>(size * <span class="hljs-keyword">sizeof</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> *));
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> i = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; i < size; i++)
{
cbuf[i] = (<span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> *)<span class="hljs-built_in">malloc</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">sizeof</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">char</span>[<span class="hljs-number">8</span>]));
<span class="hljs-built_in">sprintf</span>(cbuf[i], <span class="hljs-string">"%x"</span>, (<span class="hljs-keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>)buf[i]); <span class="hljs-comment">//将地址转化为十六进制字符串类型</span>
result = translate_address(cbuf[i]);
<span class="hljs-built_in">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"%s\n"</span>, addresses[i]);
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (result == error)
{
<span class="hljs-built_in">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"translate address occur error!\n"</span>);
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (result == no_found)
{
<span class="hljs-built_in">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"Can't find the address.\n"</span>);
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (result == nonsense)
{
<span class="hljs-built_in">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"The address have found,but everything is null.So it's nonsense."</span>);
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>
{
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (result & file_flag)
{
<span class="hljs-built_in">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"file name is %s\n"</span>, get_file_name());
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (result & function_flag)
{
<span class="hljs-built_in">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"function name is %s\n"</span>, get_function_name());
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (result & line_flag)
{
<span class="hljs-built_in">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"line is %u\n"</span>, get_line());
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (result & discriminator_flag)
{
<span class="hljs-built_in">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"discriminator is %u\n"</span>, get_discriminator());
}
result = ok;
}
<span class="hljs-built_in">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"\n"</span>);
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> i = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; i < size; i++)
{
<span class="hljs-built_in">free</span>(cbuf[i]);
}
<span class="hljs-built_in">free</span>(cbuf);
<span class="hljs-built_in">free</span>(addresses);
<span class="hljs-built_in">free</span>(file_name);
file_bfd_close();<span class="hljs-comment">//记得关闭</span>
addresses = <span class="hljs-literal">NULL</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span>;
}
</div></code></pre>
<h2 id="二enum变量">二、enum变量</h2>
<pre><code class="language-c"><div><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">enum</span> add2line_status{ok,error};
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">enum</span> translate_address_result{no_found=<span class="hljs-number">0x10</span>,nonsense=<span class="hljs-number">0x100</span>,file_flag=<span class="hljs-number">0x1000</span>,function_flag=<span class="hljs-number">0x10000</span>,line_flag=<span class="hljs-number">0x100000</span>,discriminator_flag=<span class="hljs-number">0x1000000</span>};
</div></code></pre>
<h2 id="三可调用的函数">三、可调用的函数</h2>
<h2 id="1-file_bfd_open">1. file_bfd_open</h2>
<pre><code class="language-c"><div><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> <span class="hljs-title">file_bfd_open</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> *file_name, <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> *section_name)</span>
</span></div></code></pre>
<p><strong>功能</strong></p>
<p><input type="checkbox" checked="checked"> 必选</p>
<p>初始化bfd</p>
<p><strong>传入参数</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>参数名</th>
<th>类型</th>
<th>必选</th>
<th>备注</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>file_name </code></td>
<td><code>const char *</code></td>
<td><input type="checkbox" checked="checked"></td>
<td>需要解析的可执行文件名</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>section_name</code></td>
<td><code>const char * </code></td>
<td><input type="checkbox" ></td>
<td>需要解析的段名，一般为NULL</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>传出参数</strong></p>
<pre><code class="language-c"><div><span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> \\ok或者error
</div></code></pre>
<p><strong>例程</strong></p>
<pre><code class="language-c"><div><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(file_bfd_open(<span class="hljs-string">"bt"</span>,<span class="hljs-literal">NULL</span>)==error)
{
<span class="hljs-built_in">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"bfd file open failed."</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> error;
}
</div></code></pre>
<h2 id="2-file_bfd_close">2. file_bfd_close</h2>
<pre><code class="language-c"><div><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">file_bfd_close</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>
</span></div></code></pre>
<p><strong>功能</strong></p>
<p><input type="checkbox" checked="checked"> 必选</p>
<p>用了<code>file_bfd_open</code>成功后，则必须使用<code>file_bfd_close</code></p>
<h2 id="3-get_this_file_name">3. get_this_file_name</h2>
<pre><code class="language-c"><div><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> <span class="hljs-title">get_this_file_name</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">char</span>* file_name)</span></span>;
</div></code></pre>
<p><strong>功能</strong></p>
<p><input type="checkbox" > 可选</p>
<p>获取当前进程的名称</p>
<p><strong>传入参数</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>参数名</th>
<th>类型</th>
<th>必选</th>
<th>备注</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>file_name</code></td>
<td><code>char * </code></td>
<td><input type="checkbox" checked="checked"></td>
<td>存储获取当前进程的名称的变量</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>传出参数</strong></p>
<pre><code class="language-c"><div><span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> \\file_name的长度
</div></code></pre>
<p><strong>例程</strong></p>
<pre><code class="language-c"><div><span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> *file_name = (<span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> *)<span class="hljs-built_in">malloc</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">sizeof</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">char</span>) * <span class="hljs-number">30</span>);
get_this_file_name(file_name);
...
<span class="hljs-built_in">free</span>(file_name)<span class="hljs-comment">//记得free</span>
</div></code></pre>
<h2 id="4-translate_address">4. translate_address</h2>
<pre><code class="language-c"><div><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> <span class="hljs-title">translate_address</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">char</span>* addr)</span></span>;
</div></code></pre>
<p><strong>功能</strong></p>
<p><input type="checkbox" checked="checked"> 必选</p>
<p>将传入的地址，解析出需要的一些信息。</p>
<p><strong>传入参数</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>参数名</th>
<th>类型</th>
<th>必选</th>
<th>备注</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>addr</code></td>
<td><code>const char *</code></td>
<td><input type="checkbox" checked="checked"></td>
<td>需要解析的地址</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>传出参数</strong></p>
<pre><code class="language-c"><div><span class="hljs-keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> \\解析结果用<span class="hljs-number">7</span>个标志位来表现各种结果
</div></code></pre>
<p><strong>例程</strong></p>
<pre><code class="language-c"><div><span class="hljs-keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> result=translate_address(<span class="hljs-string">"0400837"</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(result==error)
{
<span class="hljs-built_in">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"error!\n"</span>);
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(result==no_found)
{
<span class="hljs-built_in">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"Can't find.\n"</span>);
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(result==nonsense)
{
<span class="hljs-built_in">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"Have found,but everything is null.So it's nonsense."</span>);
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>
{
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(result&file_flag)
{
<span class="hljs-built_in">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"file name is %s\n"</span>,get_file_name());
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(result&function_flag)
{
<span class="hljs-built_in">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"function name is %s\n"</span>,get_function_name());
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(result&line_flag)
{
<span class="hljs-built_in">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"line is %u\n"</span>,get_line());
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(result&discriminator_flag)
{
<span class="hljs-built_in">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"discriminator is %u\n"</span>,get_discriminator());
}
result=ok;
}
</div></code></pre>
<h2 id="5-get_file_name">5. get_file_name</h2>
<pre><code class="language-c"><div><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">char</span>* <span class="hljs-title">get_file_name</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span></span>;
</div></code></pre>
<p><strong>功能</strong></p>
<p><input type="checkbox" > 可选</p>
<p>获得<code>trasnlate_address</code>解析的地址对应的源文件名</p>
<p><strong>传出参数</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>类型</th>
<th>备注</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>const char *</code></td>
<td><code>trasnlate_address</code>解析的地址对应的源文件名</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>例程</strong></p>
<pre><code class="language-c"><div><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(result&file_flag)
{
<span class="hljs-built_in">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"file name is %s\n"</span>,get_file_name());
}
<span class="hljs-comment">//result为translate_address传出的unsigned int变量</span>
</div></code></pre>
<h2 id="6-get_function_name">6. get_function_name</h2>
<pre><code class="language-c"><div><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">char</span>* <span class="hljs-title">get_function_name</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span></span>;
</div></code></pre>
<p><strong>功能</strong></p>
<p><input type="checkbox" > 可选</p>
<p><code>trasnlate_address</code>解析的地址对应的函数名</p>
<p><strong>传出参数</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>类型</th>
<th>备注</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>const char *</code></td>
<td><code>trasnlate_address</code>解析的地址对应的函数名</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>例程</strong></p>
<pre><code class="language-c"><div><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(result&function_flag)
{
<span class="hljs-built_in">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"function name is %s\n"</span>,get_function_name());
}
<span class="hljs-comment">//result为translate_address传出的unsigned int变量</span>
</div></code></pre>
<h2 id="7-get_line">7. get_line</h2>
<pre><code class="language-c"><div><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> <span class="hljs-title">get_line</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span></span>;
</div></code></pre>
<p><strong>功能</strong></p>
<p><input type="checkbox" > 可选</p>
<p><code>trasnlate_address</code>解析的地址对应的行号</p>
<p><strong>传出参数</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>类型</th>
<th>备注</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>unsigned int</code></td>
<td><code>trasnlate_address</code>解析的地址对应的行号</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>例程</strong></p>
<pre><code class="language-c"><div><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(result&line_flag)
{
<span class="hljs-built_in">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"line is %u\n"</span>,get_line());
}
<span class="hljs-comment">//result为translate_address传出的unsigned int变量</span>
</div></code></pre>
<h2 id="8-get_discriminator">8. get_discriminator</h2>
<pre><code class="language-c"><div><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> <span class="hljs-title">get_discriminator</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span></span>;
</div></code></pre>
<p><strong>功能</strong></p>
<p><input type="checkbox" > 可选</p>
<p>addr2line命令里含有的，暂不明白作用</p>
<p><strong>传出参数</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>类型</th>
<th>备注</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>unsigned int</code></td>
<td><code>trasnlate_address</code>解析的地址对应的discriminator</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>例程</strong></p>
<pre><code class="language-c"><div><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(result&discriminator_flag)
{
<span class="hljs-built_in">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"discriminator is %u\n"</span>,get_discriminator());
}
<span class="hljs-comment">//result为translate_address传出的unsigned int变量</span>
</div></code></pre>
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