diff --git a/dask_expr/_collection.py b/dask_expr/_collection.py
index 88681dd16..4482e1eeb 100644
--- a/dask_expr/_collection.py
+++ b/dask_expr/_collection.py
@@ -445,7 +445,11 @@ def __array__(self, dtype=None, **kwargs):
 
     def persist(self, fuse=True, **kwargs):
         out = self.optimize(fuse=fuse)
-        return DaskMethodsMixin.persist(out, **kwargs)
+        return DaskMethodsMixin.persist(
+            out,
+            task_resources=out.expr.collect_task_resources(),
+            **kwargs,
+        )
 
     def compute(self, fuse=True, **kwargs):
         """Compute this DataFrame.
@@ -474,7 +478,11 @@ def compute(self, fuse=True, **kwargs):
         if not isinstance(out, Scalar):
             out = out.repartition(npartitions=1)
         out = out.optimize(fuse=fuse)
-        return DaskMethodsMixin.compute(out, **kwargs)
+        return DaskMethodsMixin.compute(
+            out,
+            task_resources=out.expr.collect_task_resources(),
+            **kwargs,
+        )
 
     def analyze(self, filename: str | None = None, format: str | None = None) -> None:
         """Outputs statistics about every node in the expression.
@@ -2494,6 +2502,30 @@ def to_delayed(self, optimize_graph=True):
         """
         return self.to_legacy_dataframe().to_delayed(optimize_graph=optimize_graph)
 
+    def resource_barrier(self, resources):
+        """Define a resource-constraint barrier
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        resources : dict
+            Resource constraint (e.g. ``{GPU: 1}``).
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        1. This resources constraint will be applied to all tasks
+           generated by operations after this point (or until the
+           `resource_barrier` API is used again).
+        2. This resource constraint will superceed any other
+           resource constraints defined with global annotations.
+        3. Creating a resource barrier will not block optimizations
+           like column projection or predicate pushdown. We assume
+           both projection and filtering are resource agnostic.
+        4. Resource constraints only apply to distributed execution.
+        5. The scheduler will only try to satisfy resource constraints
+           when relevant worker resources exist.
+        """
+        return new_collection(expr.ElemwiseResourceBarrier(self.expr, resources))
+
     def to_backend(self, backend: str | None = None, **kwargs):
         """Move to a new DataFrame backend
 
@@ -5192,6 +5224,7 @@ def read_parquet(
     filesystem="fsspec",
     engine=None,
     arrow_to_pandas=None,
+    resources=None,
     **kwargs,
 ):
     """
@@ -5371,6 +5404,10 @@ def read_parquet(
     arrow_to_pandas: dict, default None
         Dictionary of options to use when converting from ``pyarrow.Table`` to
         a pandas ``DataFrame`` object. Only used by the "arrow" engine.
+    resources: dict, default None
+        Resource constraint to apply to the generated IO tasks and all
+        future operations. The `resource_barrier` API can be used to modify
+        future resource constraints after the collection is created.
     **kwargs: dict (of dicts)
         Options to pass through to ``engine.read_partitions`` as stand-alone
         key-word arguments. Note that these options will be ignored by the
@@ -5386,6 +5423,7 @@ def read_parquet(
     to_parquet
     pyarrow.parquet.ParquetDataset
     """
+    from dask_expr.io.io import IOResourceBarrier
     from dask_expr.io.parquet import (
         ReadParquetFSSpec,
         ReadParquetPyarrowFS,
@@ -5405,6 +5443,9 @@ def read_parquet(
             if op == "in" and not isinstance(val, (set, list, tuple)):
                 raise TypeError("Value of 'in' filter must be a list, set or tuple.")
 
+    if resources is not None:
+        resources = IOResourceBarrier(resources)
+
     if (
         isinstance(filesystem, pa_fs.FileSystem)
         or isinstance(filesystem, str)
@@ -5454,6 +5495,7 @@ def read_parquet(
                 pyarrow_strings_enabled=pyarrow_strings_enabled(),
                 kwargs=kwargs,
                 _series=isinstance(columns, str),
+                resource_requirement=resources,
             )
         )
 
@@ -5476,6 +5518,7 @@ def read_parquet(
             engine=_set_parquet_engine(engine),
             kwargs=kwargs,
             _series=isinstance(columns, str),
+            resource_requirement=resources,
         )
     )
 
diff --git a/dask_expr/_core.py b/dask_expr/_core.py
index 8d474a44f..75a717ddd 100644
--- a/dask_expr/_core.py
+++ b/dask_expr/_core.py
@@ -738,6 +738,30 @@ def walk(self) -> Generator[Expr]:
 
             yield node
 
+    def collect_task_resources(self) -> dict:
+        resources_annotation = {}
+        stack = [self]
+        seen = set()
+        while stack:
+            node = stack.pop()
+            if node._name in seen:
+                continue
+            seen.add(node._name)
+
+            resources = node._resources
+            if resources is not None:
+                resources_annotation.update(
+                    {
+                        k: (resources(k) if callable(resources) else resources)
+                        for k in node._layer().keys()
+                    }
+                )
+
+            for dep in node.dependencies():
+                stack.append(dep)
+
+        return resources_annotation
+
     def find_operations(self, operation: type | tuple[type]) -> Generator[Expr]:
         """Search the expression graph for a specific operation type
 
diff --git a/dask_expr/_expr.py b/dask_expr/_expr.py
index c0366432a..c832fe3a6 100644
--- a/dask_expr/_expr.py
+++ b/dask_expr/_expr.py
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
     random_state_data,
 )
 from pandas.errors import PerformanceWarning
-from tlz import merge_sorted, partition, unique
+from tlz import merge, merge_sorted, partition, unique
 
 from dask_expr import _core as core
 from dask_expr._util import (
@@ -87,6 +87,11 @@ def ndim(self):
         except AttributeError:
             return 0
 
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def _resources(self):
+        dep_resources = merge(dep._resources or {} for dep in self.dependencies())
+        return dep_resources or None
+
     def __dask_keys__(self):
         return [(self._name, i) for i in range(self.npartitions)]
 
@@ -1303,6 +1308,36 @@ def operation(df):
         return df.copy(deep=True)
 
 
+class ResourceBarrier(Expr):
+    @property
+    def _resources(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return f"{type(self).__name__}({self._resources})"
+
+
+class ElemwiseResourceBarrier(Elemwise, ResourceBarrier):
+    _parameters = ["frame", "resource_spec"]
+    _projection_passthrough = True
+    _filter_passthrough = True
+    _preserves_partitioning_information = True
+
+    @property
+    def _resources(self):
+        return self.resource_spec
+
+    def _task(self, index: int):
+        return (self.frame._name, index)
+
+    @property
+    def _meta(self):
+        return self.frame._meta
+
+    def _divisions(self):
+        return self.frame.divisions
+
+
 class RenameSeries(Elemwise):
     _parameters = ["frame", "index", "sorted_index"]
     _defaults = {"sorted_index": False}
@@ -3128,7 +3163,7 @@ def are_co_aligned(*exprs):
 
 def is_valid_blockwise_op(expr):
     return isinstance(expr, Blockwise) and not isinstance(
-        expr, (FromPandas, FromArray, FromDelayed)
+        expr, (FromPandas, FromArray, FromDelayed, ResourceBarrier)
     )
 
 
diff --git a/dask_expr/io/io.py b/dask_expr/io/io.py
index a28b8762e..87261bbbf 100644
--- a/dask_expr/io/io.py
+++ b/dask_expr/io/io.py
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
     Literal,
     PartitionsFiltered,
     Projection,
+    ResourceBarrier,
     determine_column_projection,
     no_default,
 )
@@ -31,6 +32,17 @@ def __str__(self):
         return f"{type(self).__name__}({self._name[-7:]})"
 
 
+class IOResourceBarrier(ResourceBarrier):
+    _parameters = ["resource_spec"]
+
+    @property
+    def _resources(self):
+        return self.resource_spec
+
+    def _layer(self):
+        return {}
+
+
 class FromGraph(IO):
     """A DataFrame created from an opaque Dask task graph
 
@@ -149,7 +161,8 @@ def _tune_up(self, parent):
 
 
 class FusedParquetIO(FusedIO):
-    _parameters = ["_expr"]
+    _parameters = ["_expr", "resource_requirement"]
+    _defaults = {"resource_requirement": None}
 
     @functools.cached_property
     def _name(self):
@@ -159,6 +172,10 @@ def _name(self):
             + _tokenize_deterministic(*self.operands)
         )
 
+    def dependencies(self):
+        dep = self.resource_requirement
+        return [] if dep is None else [dep]
+
     @staticmethod
     def _load_multiple_files(
         frag_filters,
diff --git a/dask_expr/io/parquet.py b/dask_expr/io/parquet.py
index dc75a47a0..9fd5290e1 100644
--- a/dask_expr/io/parquet.py
+++ b/dask_expr/io/parquet.py
@@ -828,6 +828,7 @@ class ReadParquetPyarrowFS(ReadParquet):
         "arrow_to_pandas",
         "pyarrow_strings_enabled",
         "kwargs",
+        "resource_requirement",
         "_partitions",
         "_series",
         "_dataset_info_cache",
@@ -844,6 +845,7 @@ class ReadParquetPyarrowFS(ReadParquet):
         "arrow_to_pandas": None,
         "pyarrow_strings_enabled": True,
         "kwargs": None,
+        "resource_requirement": None,
         "_partitions": None,
         "_series": False,
         "_dataset_info_cache": None,
@@ -1098,7 +1100,7 @@ def _tune_up(self, parent):
             return
         if isinstance(parent, FusedParquetIO):
             return
-        return parent.substitute(self, FusedParquetIO(self))
+        return parent.substitute(self, FusedParquetIO(self, self.resource_requirement))
 
     @cached_property
     def fragments(self):
@@ -1253,6 +1255,7 @@ class ReadParquetFSSpec(ReadParquet):
         "filesystem",
         "engine",
         "kwargs",
+        "resource_requirement",
         "_partitions",
         "_series",
         "_dataset_info_cache",
@@ -1273,6 +1276,7 @@ class ReadParquetFSSpec(ReadParquet):
         "filesystem": "fsspec",
         "engine": "pyarrow",
         "kwargs": None,
+        "resource_requirement": None,
         "_partitions": None,
         "_series": False,
         "_dataset_info_cache": None,