[CT-2255] Add retry logic to nightly installation tests

Recently, we've had a few transient installation failures due to network issues.  We should probably add some retry logic to workflows called in [test-dbt-installation-main.yml](https://github.com/dbt-labs/actions/blob/main/.github/workflows/test-dbt-installation-main.yml).

This ticket will involve some exploration of how/when to retry