pwd |
print current (working) directory |
ls |
list contents of the current directory |
⤷ -l |
long (detailed) listing |
⤷ -h |
with human readable numbers |
cd |
change to another directory |
mkdir |
make a new directory |
mv |
move or rename a file or directory |
cp |
copy file |
⤷ -r |
copy directory tree (recursively) |
file |
determine file type |
echo |
print a line of text |
less |
display contents of a file (press q to quit) |
tail |
output the last part of a file |
⤷ -f |
follow appended data as the file grows |
grep |
list text lines containing a particular string of text |
⤷ -v |
output only non-matching lines |
wc |
count lines, words, and bytes in a file |
cat |
concatenate (combine) two or more files |
df |
show disk free information |
⤷ -h |
with human readable numbers |
find |
find files in a directory tree |
man |
display program manual for a command |
ps -x |
list one's own running programs / processes (extended list) |
kill |
kill process |
⤷ -9 |
kill process immediately (SIGKILL=9) |
rm |
remove a file |
⤷ -r |
remove a directory tree (recursively) |
rmdir |
remove an empty directory |
chmod |
change mode (security permissions) of file or directory |
⤷ ugo+-rwx |
user (owner), group, other (world), add(+), remove(-), read, write, execute |
./myprogram |
run the local executable file myprogram |
sed 's/ab/cd' |
transform text, e. g. replace all occurrences of 'ab' with 'cd' |
wget |
network downloader (downloads files from the Web) |
gzip |
compress a file |
gunzip |
uncompress a file |
* |
wildcard representing any combination of characters |
| Places |
|
~ |
your home directory |
. |
current directory |
.. |
parent directory |
| Pipes |
|
> |
send output to a file |
>> |
append (add) output to a file |
| |
pipe output from one command as input to another |