No - neither purchasing PoS tickets nor voting require any hash power.
If your wallet is offline or locked when your tickets are selected, you lose out on the rewards and your ticket is removed from the pool. You can then revoke the ticket to reclaim the funds which were locked when it was purchased.
Your voting wallet and your machine do not need to be reachable for voting. Voting is deterministic on a per-block basis. Your wallet will know if your ticket is selected based on the current block, and it will automatically broadcast a vote to the network just like it broadcasts other transactions.
The ticket selection algorithm is explored in further detail on the Developer documentation site.
Yes.
Using the same seed for multiple wallets on different servers can cause issues if the wallets are creating new addresses, because each of the wallets are not aware of addresses created by the others. Voting-only wallets do not encounter this issue as the process of voting does not require creating new addresses.