Bump setuptools from 82.0.1 to 83.0.0 in /docker/python3-deb (#45207)

Bumps [setuptools](https://github.com/pypa/setuptools) from 82.0.1 to 83.0.0.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/blob/main/NEWS.rst)
- [Commits](pypa/setuptools@v82.0.1...v83.0.0)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: setuptools
  dependency-version: 83.0.0
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-major
...

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Author: dependabot[bot]