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简单
1279
第 126 场周赛 Q1
数组
哈希表
字符串

English Version

题目描述

给你一个字符串数组 words ,请你找出所有在 words 的每个字符串中都出现的共用字符(包括重复字符),并以数组形式返回。你可以按 任意顺序 返回答案。

 

示例 1:

输入:words = ["bella","label","roller"]
输出:["e","l","l"]

示例 2:

输入:words = ["cool","lock","cook"]
输出:["c","o"]

 

提示:

  • 1 <= words.length <= 100
  • 1 <= words[i].length <= 100
  • words[i] 由小写英文字母组成

解法

方法一:计数

我们用一个长度为 $26$ 的数组 $cnt$ 记录每个字符在所有字符串中出现的最小次数,最后遍历 $cnt$ 数组,将出现次数大于 $0$ 的字符加入答案即可。

时间复杂度 $O(n \sum w_i)$,空间复杂度 $O(|\Sigma|)$。其中 $n$ 为字符串数组 $words$ 的长度,而 $w_i$ 为字符串数组 $words$ 中第 $i$ 个字符串的长度,另外 $|\Sigma|$ 为字符集的大小,本题中 $|\Sigma| = 26$

Python3

class Solution:
    def commonChars(self, words: List[str]) -> List[str]:
        cnt = Counter(words[0])
        for w in words:
            t = Counter(w)
            for c in cnt:
                cnt[c] = min(cnt[c], t[c])
        return list(cnt.elements())

Java

class Solution {
    public List<String> commonChars(String[] words) {
        int[] cnt = new int[26];
        Arrays.fill(cnt, 20000);
        for (var w : words) {
            int[] t = new int[26];
            for (int i = 0; i < w.length(); ++i) {
                ++t[w.charAt(i) - 'a'];
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < 26; ++i) {
                cnt[i] = Math.min(cnt[i], t[i]);
            }
        }
        List<String> ans = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 26; ++i) {
            ans.addAll(Collections.nCopies(cnt[i], String.valueOf((char) ('a' + i))));
        }
        return ans;
    }
}

C++

class Solution {
public:
    vector<string> commonChars(vector<string>& words) {
        vector<int> cnt(26, 20000);
        for (const auto& w : words) {
            vector<int> t(26, 0);
            for (char c : w) {
                ++t[c - 'a'];
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < 26; ++i) {
                cnt[i] = min(cnt[i], t[i]);
            }
        }
        vector<string> ans;
        for (int i = 0; i < 26; ++i) {
            for (int j = 0; j < cnt[i]; ++j) {
                ans.push_back(string(1, 'a' + i));
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
};

Go

func commonChars(words []string) (ans []string) {
	cnt := make([]int, 26)
	for i := range cnt {
		cnt[i] = 20000
	}
	for _, w := range words {
		t := make([]int, 26)
		for _, c := range w {
			t[c-'a']++
		}
		for i := 0; i < 26; i++ {
			cnt[i] = min(cnt[i], t[i])
		}
	}
	for i := 0; i < 26; i++ {
		for j := 0; j < cnt[i]; j++ {
			ans = append(ans, string('a'+rune(i)))
		}
	}
	return ans
}

TypeScript

function commonChars(words: string[]): string[] {
    const cnt = Array(26).fill(20000);
    const aCode = 'a'.charCodeAt(0);
    for (const w of words) {
        const t = Array(26).fill(0);
        for (const c of w) {
            t[c.charCodeAt(0) - aCode]++;
        }
        for (let i = 0; i < 26; i++) {
            cnt[i] = Math.min(cnt[i], t[i]);
        }
    }
    const ans: string[] = [];
    for (let i = 0; i < 26; i++) {
        cnt[i] && ans.push(...String.fromCharCode(i + aCode).repeat(cnt[i]));
    }
    return ans;
}