Powerpoint: slide transition after x milliseconds causing audio not to be played AND transition to be stalled

[steamonimo]

Describe the bug
My code repeatedly works on the same powerpoint file.

-My code attaches MP3 audio
-My code attaches playfrom timing to play automatically
-My code attaches transition to next slide after x milliseconds

The transition seems to cause the XML to be malformed. After saving the resulting file in PowerPoint, closing the file and reopening the timing and transition are not executed anymore as if they do not exist.

To Reproduce

public static void AddTransitionAfterMilliseconds(SlidePart slidePart, long milliseconds)
{
    // Create a new Transition element.
    Transition transition = new Transition();
    transition.AdvanceAfterTime = milliseconds.ToString(); // time in milliseconds
    transition.AdvanceOnClick = false; // do not allow click to advance

    CommonSlideData commonSlideData = slidePart.Slide.CommonSlideData!;

    // Check for an existing transition and remove it if present.
    var transitions = commonSlideData.Elements<Transition>().ToList();
    foreach (var tr in transitions)
    {
        tr.Remove();
    }

    transitions = slidePart.Slide.Elements<Transition>().ToList();
    foreach (var tr in transitions)
    {
        tr.Remove();
    }

    var alternateContents = slidePart.Slide.Descendants<AlternateContent>().ToList();

    foreach (var altContent in alternateContents)
    {
        transitions = altContent.Elements<Transition>().ToList();

        foreach (var tr in transitions)
        {
            tr.Remove();
        }
    }

    // Append the transition element to CommonSlideData.
    commonSlideData.Append(transition);

    slidePart.Slide.Save();
}

Steps to reproduce the behavior:

1. apply the transition with the previous code

Observed behavior
Structure of slide.xml is malformed

Expected behavior
After opening and saving with newest PowerPoint (this causes structural changes) the audio are still played and transition executed.

Desktop (please complete the following information):

• OS: [e.g. Windows]
• Office version: Microsoft® PowerPoint® für Microsoft 365 MSO (Version 2501 Build 16.0.18429.20132) 64 Bit
• .NET Target: .NET core 8.0.13
• DocumentFormat.OpenXml Version: 3.2

[mkaszewiak]

Thanks @steamonimo I will look into it and update you once I will have an update

[mkaszewiak]

Hi @steamonimo I changed Transition part of the code so it is not causing the errors anymore. But please adjust it accordingly to your needs. I also modified timing code part so PPT application doesn't change it on save. Please test it and let me know how it works for you.

using DocumentFormat.OpenXml;
using DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Presentation;
using A = DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing;
using P14 = DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Office2010.PowerPoint;
using ShapeTree = DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Presentation.ShapeTree;
using ShapeProperties = DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Presentation.ShapeProperties;
using NonVisualDrawingProperties = DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Presentation.NonVisualDrawingProperties;
using NonVisualPictureProperties = DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Presentation.NonVisualPictureProperties;
using NonVisualPictureDrawingProperties = DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Presentation.NonVisualPictureDrawingProperties;
using Picture = DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Presentation.Picture;
using BlipFill = DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Presentation.BlipFill;
using DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Packaging;
using ApplicationNonVisualDrawingProperties = DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Presentation.ApplicationNonVisualDrawingProperties;
using Command = DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Presentation.Command;

string imgEmbedId = "rId8", embedId = "rId3", mediaEmbedId = "rId2";
UInt32Value shapeId = 5;

string filePath = @"C:\source\TestFiles\MyPresentation.pptx";
string videoFilePath = @"C:\source\TestFiles\video.mp4";
string coverPicPath = @"C:\source\TestFiles\sample.png";
string audioFilePath = @"C:\source\TestFiles\audio.mp3";

using (PresentationDocument presentationDocument = PresentationDocument.Open(filePath, true))
{

    if (presentationDocument.PresentationPart == null || presentationDocument.PresentationPart.Presentation.SlideIdList == null)
    {
        throw new NullReferenceException("Presenation Part is empty or there are no slides");
    }

    //Get presentation part
    PresentationPart presentationPart = presentationDocument.PresentationPart;

    //Get slides ids.
    OpenXmlElementList slidesIds = presentationPart.Presentation.SlideIdList.ChildElements;

    int lastSlideIndex = presentationPart.Presentation.SlideIdList.Count() - 1;

    //gets relationsipIds of the 2 last slides
    string? videoSlidePartRelationshipId = ((SlideId)slidesIds[lastSlideIndex - 1]).RelationshipId;
    string? audioSlidePartRelationshipId = ((SlideId)slidesIds[lastSlideIndex]).RelationshipId;

    if (videoSlidePartRelationshipId == null || audioSlidePartRelationshipId == null)
    {
        throw new NullReferenceException("Slides ids not found");
    }

    string milliseconds = "3000";

    foreach (SlideId slideId in slidesIds)
    {

        SlidePart? slidePart = presentationDocument.PresentationPart.GetPartById(slideId.RelationshipId) as SlidePart;

        if (slidePart!.Slide.Descendants<Transition>() != null)
        {
            slidePart.Slide.RemoveAllChildren<Transition>();
        }

        slidePart.Slide.Append(new Transition() { AdvanceAfterTime = milliseconds, AdvanceOnClick = false, Speed = TransitionSpeedValues.Medium });
    }

    //Get slide part by relationshipID
    SlidePart? videoSlidepart = presentationPart.GetPartById(videoSlidePartRelationshipId) as SlidePart;
    SlidePart? audioSlidepart = presentationPart.GetPartById(audioSlidePartRelationshipId) as SlidePart;

    //Adds vide 
    AddVideo(videoSlidepart, presentationDocument);
    //Adds audio 
    AddAudio(audioSlidepart, presentationDocument);
}

### Extension Methods:

AddVideo

void AddVideo(SlidePart slidePart, PresentationDocument presentationDocument)
{
    // Create video Media Data Part (content type, extension)
    MediaDataPart mediaDataPart = presentationDocument.CreateMediaDataPart("video/mp4", ".mp4");

    //Get the video file and feed the stream
    using (Stream mediaDataPartStream = File.OpenRead(videoFilePath))
    {
        mediaDataPart.FeedData(mediaDataPartStream);
    }
    //Adds a VideoReferenceRelationship to the MainDocumentPart
    slidePart.AddVideoReferenceRelationship(mediaDataPart, embedId);

    //Adds a MediaReferenceRelationship to the SlideLayoutPart
    slidePart.AddMediaReferenceRelationship(mediaDataPart, mediaEmbedId);

    NonVisualDrawingProperties nonVisualDrawingProperties = new NonVisualDrawingProperties() { Id = shapeId, Name = "video" };
    A.VideoFromFile videoFromFile = new A.VideoFromFile() { Link = embedId };

    ApplicationNonVisualDrawingProperties appNonVisualDrawingProperties = new ApplicationNonVisualDrawingProperties();
    appNonVisualDrawingProperties.Append(videoFromFile);

    //Adds all the elements to the slide part
    AddMediaToTheSlide(slidePart, nonVisualDrawingProperties, appNonVisualDrawingProperties);
}

AddAudio

void AddAudio(SlidePart slidePart, PresentationDocument presentationDocument)
{
    // Create video Media Data Part (content type, extension)
    MediaDataPart mediaDataPart = presentationDocument.CreateMediaDataPart("audio/mp3", ".mp3");

    //Feeds the stream with audio file
    using (Stream mediaDataPartStream = File.OpenRead(audioFilePath))
    {
        mediaDataPart.FeedData(mediaDataPartStream);
    }

    slidePart.AddAudioReferenceRelationship(mediaDataPart, embedId);
    slidePart.AddMediaReferenceRelationship(mediaDataPart, mediaEmbedId);

    NonVisualDrawingProperties nonVisualDrawingProperties = new NonVisualDrawingProperties() { Id = shapeId, Name = "audio" };

    A.AudioFromFile audioFromFile = new A.AudioFromFile() { Link = embedId };
    ApplicationNonVisualDrawingProperties appNonVisualDrawingProperties = new ApplicationNonVisualDrawingProperties();
    appNonVisualDrawingProperties.Append(audioFromFile);

    AddMediaToTheSlide(slidePart, nonVisualDrawingProperties, appNonVisualDrawingProperties);
}

AddMediaToTheSlide

void AddMediaToTheSlide(SlidePart slidePart, NonVisualDrawingProperties nonVisualDrawingProperties, ApplicationNonVisualDrawingProperties applicationNonVisualDrawingProperties)
{
    //adds sample image to the slide with id to be used as reference in blip
    ImagePart imagePart = slidePart.AddImagePart(ImagePartType.Png, imgEmbedId);
    using (Stream data = File.OpenRead(coverPicPath))
    {
        imagePart.FeedData(data);
    }

    if (slidePart!.Slide!.CommonSlideData!.ShapeTree == null)
    {
        throw new NullReferenceException("Presenation shape tree is empty");
    }

    //Getting existing shape tree object from PowerPoint
    ShapeTree shapeTree = slidePart.Slide.CommonSlideData.ShapeTree;


    // specifies the existence of a picture within a presentation.
    // It can have non-visual properties, a picture fill as well as shape properties attached to it.
    Picture picture = new Picture();
    NonVisualPictureProperties nonVisualPictureProperties = new NonVisualPictureProperties();

    A.HyperlinkOnClick hyperlinkOnClick = new A.HyperlinkOnClick() { Id = "", Action = "ppaction://media" };
    nonVisualDrawingProperties.Append(hyperlinkOnClick);

    NonVisualPictureDrawingProperties nonVisualPictureDrawingProperties = new NonVisualPictureDrawingProperties();
    A.PictureLocks pictureLocks = new A.PictureLocks() { NoChangeAspect = true };
    nonVisualPictureDrawingProperties.Append(pictureLocks);

    ApplicationNonVisualDrawingPropertiesExtensionList appNonVisualDrawingPropertiesExtensionList = new ApplicationNonVisualDrawingPropertiesExtensionList();
    ApplicationNonVisualDrawingPropertiesExtension appNonVisualDrawingPropertiesExtension = new ApplicationNonVisualDrawingPropertiesExtension() { Uri = "{DAA4B4D4-6D71-4841-9C94-3DE7FCFB9230}" };

    P14.Media media = new() { Embed = mediaEmbedId };
    media.AddNamespaceDeclaration("p14", "http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/powerpoint/2010/main");

    appNonVisualDrawingPropertiesExtension.Append(media);
    applicationNonVisualDrawingProperties.Append();
    appNonVisualDrawingPropertiesExtensionList.Append(appNonVisualDrawingPropertiesExtension);

    applicationNonVisualDrawingProperties.Append(appNonVisualDrawingPropertiesExtensionList);

    nonVisualPictureProperties.Append(nonVisualDrawingProperties);
    nonVisualPictureProperties.Append(nonVisualPictureDrawingProperties);
    nonVisualPictureProperties.Append(applicationNonVisualDrawingProperties);

    //Prepare shape properties to display picture
    BlipFill blipFill = new BlipFill();
    A.Blip blip = new A.Blip() { Embed = imgEmbedId };


    A.Stretch stretch = new A.Stretch();
    A.FillRectangle fillRectangle = new A.FillRectangle();
    A.Transform2D transform2D = new A.Transform2D();
    A.Offset offset = new A.Offset() { X = 1524000L, Y = 857250L };
    A.Extents extents = new A.Extents() { Cx = 9144000L, Cy = 5143500L };
    A.PresetGeometry presetGeometry = new A.PresetGeometry() { Preset = A.ShapeTypeValues.Rectangle };
    A.AdjustValueList adjValueList = new A.AdjustValueList();

    stretch.Append(fillRectangle);
    blipFill.Append(blip);
    blipFill.Append(stretch);
    transform2D.Append(offset);
    transform2D.Append(extents);
    presetGeometry.Append(adjValueList);

    ShapeProperties shapeProperties = new ShapeProperties();

    shapeProperties.Append(transform2D);
    shapeProperties.Append(presetGeometry);

    //adds all elements to the slide's shape tree
    picture.Append(nonVisualPictureProperties);
    picture.Append(blipFill);
    picture.Append(shapeProperties);

    shapeTree.Append(picture);

    //Adding timing to the slide to allow auto play of the video and audio
    CommonTimeNode cTn = new CommonTimeNode() { Id = 1, NodeType = TimeNodeValues.TmingRoot, Duration = "indefinite" };

    ParallelTimeNode parrarelTimeNode2 = new ParallelTimeNode();
    StartConditionList stCondLst = new StartConditionList(new Condition() { Event = TriggerEventValues.OnBegin, Delay = "0" });

    //Common time node of type AfterEffect to play automaicly with commnd to play from 0.0
    CommonTimeNode cTn2 = new CommonTimeNode(stCondLst) { Id = 2, PresetId = 1, PresetClass = TimeNodePresetClassValues.MediaCall, PresetSubtype = 0, NodeType = TimeNodeValues.AfterEffect, Fill = TimeNodeFillValues.Hold };
    ChildTimeNodeList chTnLst2 = new ChildTimeNodeList();
    TargetElement targetElement = new TargetElement();
    ShapeTarget shapeTarget = new ShapeTarget() { ShapeId = shapeId.ToString() };
    Command command = new Command() { Type = CommandValues.Call, CommandName = "playFrom(0.0)" };
    CommonBehavior cBhvr = new CommonBehavior(new CommonTimeNode() { Id = 2 });
    targetElement.Append(shapeTarget);
    cBhvr.Append(targetElement);
    command.Append(cBhvr);
    chTnLst2.Append(command);
    cTn2.Append(chTnLst2);

    SequenceTimeNode sequenceTimeNode = new SequenceTimeNode() { Concurrent = true, NextAction = NextActionValues.Seek };
    sequenceTimeNode.Append(cTn2);

    ChildTimeNodeList chTnLst = new ChildTimeNodeList();
    chTnLst.Append(sequenceTimeNode);

    cTn.Append(chTnLst);

    ParallelTimeNode parrarelTimeNode = new ParallelTimeNode();
    parrarelTimeNode.Append(cTn);

    TimeNodeList tnLst = new TimeNodeList();
    tnLst.Append(parrarelTimeNode);

    Timing timing = new Timing();
    timing.Append(tnLst);

    Slide slide = slidePart.Slide;
    slide.Append(timing);

}

[steamonimo]

Thanks, your code fixes one issue: the resulting file can be modified in PowerPaint and will keep playing and transitioning afterwards. However, I have still problems with my example file "PowerPoint Master_Empty_EN.pptx".

In this file I see already existing transitions (p:transition) in the section. To get rid of these I need to iterate through AlternateContent and delete manually;

var alternateContents = slidePart.Slide.Descendants<AlternateContent>().ToList();
var choices = alternateContent.Descendants<AlternateContentChoice>().ToList();
foreach (var choice in choices)
{
    var trans = choice.Descendants<Transition>().ToList();
    foreach (var transition in trans)
    {
        transition.Remove();
    }
    choice.Remove();
}
var transitions = alternateContent.Descendants<Transition>().ToList();
foreach (var transition in transitions)
{
    transition.Remove();
}

alternateContent.Remove();

It seem that OpenXML can not handle this section in slide1.xml:

<mc:AlternateContent xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" xmlns:p14="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/powerpoint/2010/main"><mc:Choice Requires="p14"><p:transition spd="med" p14:dur="700"><p:fade /></p:transition></mc:Choice><mc:Fallback xmlns:a16="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/drawing/2014/main"><p:transition spd="med"><p:fade /></p:transition></mc:Fallback></mc:AlternateContent>

[steamonimo]

I have sent you the link to the original PowerPoint file to demonstrate the issue...

[mkaszewiak]

Hi @steamonimo I found below sample code working with presentation you have provided me with. Please test it and let me know how it works for you. Please be aware I am out of office for now and will reply on my return if further assistance is needed. Thanks

using DocumentFormat.OpenXml;
using DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Presentation;
using A = DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing;
using P14 = DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Office2010.PowerPoint;
using ShapeTree = DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Presentation.ShapeTree;
using ShapeProperties = DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Presentation.ShapeProperties;
using NonVisualDrawingProperties = DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Presentation.NonVisualDrawingProperties;
using NonVisualPictureProperties = DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Presentation.NonVisualPictureProperties;
using NonVisualPictureDrawingProperties = DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Presentation.NonVisualPictureDrawingProperties;
using Picture = DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Presentation.Picture;
using BlipFill = DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Presentation.BlipFill;
using DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Packaging;
using ApplicationNonVisualDrawingProperties = DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Presentation.ApplicationNonVisualDrawingProperties;
using Command = DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Presentation.Command;


string imgEmbedId = "rId" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString(), embedId = "rId" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString(), mediaEmbedId = "rId" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
UInt32Value shapeId = 5;

string filePath = @"C:\source\TestFiles\customer_presentation.pptx";
string coverPicPath = @"C:\source\TestFiles\sample.png";
string audioFilePath = @"C:\source\TestFiles\audio.mp3";

using (PresentationDocument presentationDocument = PresentationDocument.Open(filePath, true))
{

    if (presentationDocument.PresentationPart == null || presentationDocument.PresentationPart.Presentation.SlideIdList == null)
    {
        throw new NullReferenceException("Presenation Part is empty or there are no slides");
    }

    //Get presentation part
    PresentationPart presentationPart = presentationDocument.PresentationPart;

    //Get slides ids.
    OpenXmlElementList slidesIds = presentationPart.Presentation.SlideIdList.ChildElements;

    string milliseconds = "4000";

    foreach (SlideId slideId in slidesIds)
    {
        if (slideId.RelationshipId == null)
        {
            throw new NullReferenceException("Slides ids not found");
        }
        SlidePart? slidePart = presentationDocument.PresentationPart.GetPartById(slideId.RelationshipId) as SlidePart;

        //Remove existing timing
        if (slidePart.Slide.Timing != null)
        {
            slidePart.Slide.Timing.Remove();
        }

        //Remove existing transitions
        if (slidePart.Slide.Transition != null)
        {
            slidePart.Slide.Transition.Remove();
        }

        if (slidePart!.Slide.Descendants<AlternateContent>().ToList().Count > 0)
        {
            List<AlternateContent> alternateContents = slidePart.Slide.Descendants<AlternateContent>().ToList();
            foreach (var alternateContent in alternateContents)
            {
                // remove transitions in AlternateContentChoice within AlternateContent
                var childElements = alternateContent.ChildElements.ToList();

                foreach (var element in childElements)
                {

                    var trans = element.Descendants<Transition>().ToList();
                    foreach (var transition in trans)
                    {
                        transition.Remove();

                    }
                }
            }

            foreach (var alternateContent in alternateContents)
            {
                alternateContent.GetFirstChild<AlternateContentChoice>().Append(new Transition(new FadeTransition()) { Duration = "2", AdvanceAfterTime = milliseconds, AdvanceOnClick = false, Speed = TransitionSpeedValues.Medium });
                alternateContent.GetFirstChild<AlternateContentFallback>().Append(new Transition(new FadeTransition()) { Duration = "2", AdvanceAfterTime = milliseconds, AdvanceOnClick = false, Speed = TransitionSpeedValues.Medium });
            }

        }
        //Add transition if there is none
        else
        {
            //Cheks if there is transition appended to the slide and set it to null
            if (slidePart.Slide.Transition != null)
            {
                slidePart.Slide.Transition = null;
            }

            AlternateContent alternateContent = new AlternateContent();
            alternateContent.AddNamespaceDeclaration("mc", "http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006");

            AlternateContentChoice alternateContentChoice = new AlternateContentChoice() { Requires = "p14" };
            alternateContentChoice.AddNamespaceDeclaration("p14", "http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/powerpoint/2010/main");
            alternateContentChoice.Append(new Transition(new FadeTransition()) { Duration = "2", AdvanceAfterTime = milliseconds, AdvanceOnClick = false });
            AlternateContentFallback alternateContentFallback = new AlternateContentFallback(new Transition(new FadeTransition()) { Duration = "2", AdvanceAfterTime = milliseconds, AdvanceOnClick = false, Speed = TransitionSpeedValues.Medium });
            alternateContent.Append(alternateContentChoice);
            alternateContent.Append(alternateContentFallback);
            slidePart.Slide.Append(alternateContent);
        }

        //AddAudio(slidePart, presentationDocument);
    }

}

[steamonimo]

The positive: the transition is now reliably executed for every slide.
The negative: the timing part with playing the audio automatically is only executed for some slides - not all.

I will sent you a powerpoint file without any previous openxml modifications to demonstrate the issue.