[RGen] Provide a method to convert a protocol method to a constructor.

This allows to convert the method marked as factories in a protocol into
constructors, later we can use this conversion to inline the factory
methods as constructors in the classes that implement a protocol with
factories.

Author: mandel-macaque

src/rgen/Microsoft.Macios.Generator/DataModel/Constructor.Generator.cs

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ public Constructor (string type,
 		ExportData<ObjCBindings.Constructor> exportData,
 		ImmutableArray<AttributeCodeChange> attributes,
 		ImmutableArray<SyntaxToken> modifiers,
-		ImmutableArray<Parameter> parameters)
+		ImmutableArray<Parameter> parameters) : this (StructState.Initialized)
 	{
 		Type = type;
 		SymbolAvailability = symbolAvailability;

src/rgen/Microsoft.Macios.Generator/DataModel/Constructor.cs

@@ -12,6 +12,22 @@ namespace Microsoft.Macios.Generator.DataModel;
 
 [StructLayout (LayoutKind.Auto)]
 readonly partial struct Constructor : IEquatable<Constructor> {
+	
+	/// <summary>
+	/// The initialization state of the struct.
+	/// </summary>
+	StructState State { get; init; } = StructState.Default;
+	
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets the default, uninitialized instance of <see cref="Constructor"/>.
+	/// </summary>
+	public static Constructor Default { get; } = new (StructState.Default);
+	
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets a value indicating whether the instance is the default, uninitialized instance.
+	/// </summary>
+	public bool IsNullOrDefault => State == StructState.Default;
+	
 	/// <summary>
 	/// Type name that owns the constructor.
 	/// </summary>
@@ -36,12 +52,18 @@ namespace Microsoft.Macios.Generator.DataModel;
 	/// Parameters list.
 	/// </summary>
 	public ImmutableArray<Parameter> Parameters { get; init; } = [];
+	
+	Constructor (StructState state)
+	{
+		State = state;
+		Type = string.Empty;
+	}
 
 	public Constructor (string type,
 		SymbolAvailability symbolAvailability,
 		ImmutableArray<AttributeCodeChange> attributes,
 		ImmutableArray<SyntaxToken> modifiers,
-		ImmutableArray<Parameter> parameters)
+		ImmutableArray<Parameter> parameters) : this (StructState.Initialized)
 	{
 		Type = type;
 		SymbolAvailability = symbolAvailability;

src/rgen/Microsoft.Macios.Generator/DataModel/Method.Generator.cs

@@ -307,6 +307,33 @@ .. Modifiers.Where (m =>
 		};
 	}
 
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Converts the current factory method into a constructor for a given target class.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="targetClass">The type information of the class for which the constructor is being created.</param>
+	/// <returns>
+	/// A new <see cref="Constructor"/> instance if the method is a factory method;
+	/// otherwise, an uninitialized <see cref="Constructor"/> instance.
+	/// </returns>
+	public Constructor ToConstructor (TypeInfo targetClass)
+	{
+		// if the method is not a factory, we cannot convert it to a constructor so we will return the default value
+		// which is an uninitialized instance
+		if (!IsFactory)
+			return Constructor.Default;
+		
+		// we need to create a constructor with  the same modifiers, parameters and the availability of the method 
+		// since there is no guarantee that the target class has the same availability as the method
+		return new(
+			type: targetClass.Name,
+			exportData: new (ExportMethodData.Selector),
+			symbolAvailability: SymbolAvailability,
+			attributes: [], // we do not really care about the attributes on the constructor that is going to be inlined
+			modifiers: modifiers,
+			parameters: Parameters
+		);
+	}
+
 	/// <summary>
 	/// Creates a new method instance with the specified modifiers.
 	/// </summary>

tests/rgen/Microsoft.Macios.Generator.Tests/DataModel/MethodTests/FromDeclarationTests.cs

@@ -1193,4 +1193,108 @@ interface IAVAudioMixing {
 		Assert.Contains (newMethod.Modifiers, m => m.IsKind (SyntaxKind.InternalKeyword));
 		Assert.Contains (newMethod.Modifiers, m => m.IsKind (SyntaxKind.StaticKeyword));
 	}
+	
+	class TestDataFromMethodDeclarationToConstructor : IEnumerable<object []> {
+		public IEnumerator<object []> GetEnumerator ()
+		{
+			
+			const string noFactoryMethod = @"
+using System;
+using ObjCBindings;
+using ObjCRuntime;
+
+namespace NS {
+	public class MyClass {
+
+		[Export<Method> (""initWithInputs:"", Flags = ObjCBindings.Method.Default)] 
+		public static MyClass MyFactoryMethod () { }
+	}
+}
+";
+
+			yield return [noFactoryMethod];
+			
+			const string noParameter = @"
+using System;
+using ObjCBindings;
+using ObjCRuntime;
+
+namespace NS {
+	public class MyClass {
+
+		[Export<Method> (""initWithInputs:"", Flags = ObjCBindings.Method.Factory)] 
+		public static MyClass MyFactoryMethod () { }
+	}
+}
+";
+
+			yield return [noParameter];
+			
+			const string singleParameter = @"
+using System;
+using ObjCBindings;
+using ObjCRuntime;
+
+namespace NS {
+	public class MyClass {
+
+		[Export<Method> (""initWithInputs:"", Flags = ObjCBindings.Method.Factory)] 
+		public static MyClass MyFactoryMethod (string[]? input) { }
+	}
+}
+";
+
+			yield return [singleParameter];
+			
+			const string multiParameter = @"
+using System;
+using ObjCBindings;
+using ObjCRuntime;
+
+namespace NS {
+	public class MyClass {
+
+		[Export<Method> (""initWithInputs:other:"", Flags = ObjCBindings.Method.Factory)] 
+		public static MyClass MyFactoryMethod (string[]? input, int other) { }
+	}
 }
+";
+
+			yield return [multiParameter];
+
+		}
+
+		IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator () => GetEnumerator ();
+	}
+	
+	[Theory]
+	[AllSupportedPlatformsClassData<TestDataFromMethodDeclarationToConstructor>]
+	void FromMethodDeclarationToConstructor (ApplePlatform platform, string inputText)
+	{
+		var (compilation, syntaxTrees) = CreateCompilation (platform, sources: inputText);
+		Assert.Single (syntaxTrees);
+		var semanticModel = compilation.GetSemanticModel (syntaxTrees [0]);
+		var declaration = syntaxTrees [0].GetRoot ()
+			.DescendantNodes ().OfType<MethodDeclarationSyntax> ()
+			.FirstOrDefault ();
+		Assert.NotNull (declaration);
+		Assert.True (Method.TryCreate (declaration, semanticModel, out var changes));
+		Assert.NotNull (changes);
+		var constructorType = ReturnTypeForClass ("NS.MyClass");
+		var constructor = changes.Value.ToConstructor (constructorType);
+		if (changes.Value.IsFactory) {
+			Assert.Equal (constructorType.Name, constructor.Type);
+			Assert.Equal (changes.Value.Selector, constructor.Selector);
+			// will compare that all parameters are the same, that is, same type, name and position
+			var parameterEqualityComparer = new MethodParameterEqualityComparer ();
+			Assert.Equal (changes.Value.Parameters, constructor.Parameters, parameterEqualityComparer);
+			Assert.Equal (changes.Value.SymbolAvailability, constructor.SymbolAvailability);
+			var modifiersComparer = new ModifiersEqualityComparer ();
+			Assert.Equal (changes.Value.Modifiers, constructor.Modifiers, modifiersComparer);
+			Assert.False (constructor.IsNullOrDefault);
+		} else {
+			Assert.True (constructor.IsNullOrDefault);
+		}
+	}
+}
+