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chore: consider worst cases
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‎README.md‎

Lines changed: 30 additions & 30 deletions
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -112,36 +112,36 @@ All commands share the Argon2id cost flags. For release mode we have:
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* 🖥️ **16 threads** (e.g. 16-core/64GB RAM desktop machine)
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* 🏭 **2048 threads** (e.g. 64×32-core/128GB RAM machines on some cloud provider)
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| Bits | 16 threads 🖥️<br>(**systematic search**) | 2048 threads 🏭<br>(**random search**) | |
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|------|------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------|-------------------|
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| | Worst-case time | Expected time | 99th percentile |
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| 1‑6 | 31 s | 30 s | 2 min 19 s |
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| 7 | 2 min 4 s | 30 s | 2 min 19 s |
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| 8 | 4 min 8 s | 30 s | 2 min 19 s |
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| 9 | 8 min 15 s | 30 s | 2 min 19 s |
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| 10 | 16 min 30 s | 31 s | 2 min 23 s |
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| 11 | 33 min 1 s | 35 s | 2 min 41 s |
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| 12 | 1 h 6 min | 47 s | 3 min 36 s |
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| 13 | 2 h 12 min | 1 min 17 s | 5 min 55 s |
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| 14 | 4 h 24 min | 2 min 17 s | 10 min 31 s |
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| 15 | 8 h 48 min | 4 min 17 s | 19 min 44 s |
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| 16 | 17 h 36 min | 8 min 20 s | 38 min 24 s |
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| 17 | 1 d 11 h | 16 min 19 s | 1 h 15 m |
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| 18 | 2 d 22 h | 32 min 20 s | 2 h 29 m |
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| 19 | 5 d 21 h | 1 h 4 m | 4 h 55 m |
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| 20 | 11 d 18 h | 2 h 8 m | 9 h 52 m |
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| 21 | 23 d 11 h | 4 h 16 m | 19 h 44 m |
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| 22 | 46 d 23 h | 8 h 32 m | 1 d 15 h |
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| 23 | 93 d 22 h | 17 h 4 m | 3 d 6 h |
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| 24 | 187 d 19 h | 1 d 10 h | 6 d 13 h |
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| 25 | 1 y 10 d | 2 d 20 h | 13 d 2 h |
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| 26 | 2 y 21 d | 5 d 16 h | 26 d 1 h |
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| 27 | 4 y 41 d | 11 d 9 h | 52 d 4 h |
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| 28 | 8 y 83 d | 22 d 18 h | 104 d 8 h |
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| 29 | 16 y 165 d | 45 d 12 h | 208 d 16 h |
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| 30 | 32 y 331 d | 91 d | 417 d 8 h |
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| 31 | 65 y 297 d | 182 d | 2 y 105 d |
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| 32 | 131 y 228 d | 364 d | 4 y 212 d |
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| Bits | 16 threads 🖥️<br>(**systematic search**) | 2048 threads 🏭<br>(**random search**) | | |
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|------|------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------|-------------------|---------------------|
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| | Worst-case time | Expected time | 99th percentile | 99.9th percentile |
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| 1‑6 | 31 s | 30 s | 2 min 19 s | 3 min 27 s |
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| 7 | 2 min 4 s | 30 s | 2 min 19 s | 3 min 27 s |
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| 8 | 4 min 8 s | 30 s | 2 min 19 s | 3 min 27 s |
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| 9 | 8 min 15 s | 30 s | 2 min 19 s | 3 min 27 s |
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| 10 | 16 min 30 s | 31 s | 2 min 23 s | 3 min 33 s |
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| 11 | 33 min 1 s | 35 s | 2 min 41 s | 4 min 1 s |
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| 12 | 1 h 6 min | 47 s | 3 min 36 s | 5 min 24 s |
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| 13 | 2 h 12 min | 1 min 17 s | 5 min 55 s | 8 min 53 s |
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| 14 | 4 h 24 min | 2 min 17 s | 10 min 31 s | 15 min 47 s |
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| 15 | 8 h 48 min | 4 min 17 s | 19 min 44 s | 29 min 36 s |
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| 16 | 17 h 36 min | 8 min 20 s | 38 min 24 s | 57 min 36 s |
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| 17 | 1 d 11 h | 16 min 19 s | 1 h 15 m | 1 h 52 m |
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| 18 | 2 d 22 h | 32 min 20 s | 2 h 29 m | 3 h 43 m |
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| 19 | 5 d 21 h | 1 h 4 m | 4 h 55 m | 7 h 22 m |
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| 20 | 11 d 18 h | 2 h 8 m | 9 h 52 m | 14 h 48 m |
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| 21 | 23 d 11 h | 4 h 16 m | 19 h 44 m | 1 d 5 h |
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| 22 | 46 d 23 h | 8 h 32 m | 1 d 15 h | 2 d 11 h |
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| 23 | 93 d 22 h | 17 h 4 m | 3 d 6 h | 4 d 21 h |
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| 24 | 187 d 19 h | 1 d 10 h | 6 d 13 h | 9 d 18 h |
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| 25 | 1 y 10 d | 2 d 20 h | 13 d 2 h | 19 d 12 h |
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| 26 | 2 y 21 d | 5 d 16 h | 26 d 1 h | 39 d 1 h |
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| 27 | 4 y 41 d | 11 d 9 h | 52 d 4 h | 78 d 6 h |
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| 28 | 8 y 83 d | 22 d 18 h | 104 d 8 h | 156 d 12 h |
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| 29 | 16 y 165 d | 45 d 12 h | 208 d 16 h | 312 d 24 h |
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| 30 | 32 y 331 d | 91 d | 417 d 8 h | 1 y 261 d |
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| 31 | 65 y 297 d | 182 d | 2 y 105 d | 3 y 157 d |
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| 32 | 131 y 228 d | 364 d | 4 y 212 d | 6 y 318 d |
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## Understanding Random Search Variance
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‎wskdf-cli/src/main.rs‎

Lines changed: 10 additions & 4 deletions
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -366,10 +366,10 @@ fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
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367367
eprintln!("\nEstimated time to brute-force one preimage/key pair:");
368368
eprintln!(
369-
"{:>4} │ {:>18} │ {:>18} │ {:>18}",
370-
"bits", "systematic (worst)", "random (expected)", "random (99th %ile)"
369+
"{:>4} │ {:>18} │ {:>18} │ {:>18} │ {:>18}",
370+
"bits", "systematic (worst)", "random (expected)", "random (99th %ile)", "random (99.9th %ile)"
371371
);
372-
eprintln!("{:->4}-┼-{:->18}-┼-{:->18}-┼-{:->18}", "", "", "", "");
372+
eprintln!("{:->4}-┼-{:->18}-┼-{:->18}-┼-{:->18}-┼-{:->18}", "", "", "", "", "");
373373

374374
for bits in 1u8..=32 {
375375
// space = 2^(bits-1) because MSB is always 1
@@ -383,11 +383,13 @@ fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
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let random_expected_work = (space / (2.0 * threads as f64)).max(1.0);
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let random_expected_secs = random_expected_work * thread_avg_time;
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let random_99th_secs = random_expected_secs * percentile_multiplier(0.99);
386+
let random_999th_secs = random_expected_secs * percentile_multiplier(0.999);
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387388
let systematic_human = pretty(systematic_secs);
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let random_human = pretty(random_expected_secs);
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let random_99th_human = pretty(random_99th_secs);
390-
eprintln!("{bits:>4} │ {systematic_human:>18} │ {random_human:>18} │ {random_99th_human:>18}");
391+
let random_999th_human = pretty(random_999th_secs);
392+
eprintln!("{bits:>4} │ {systematic_human:>18} │ {random_human:>18} │ {random_99th_human:>18} │ {random_999th_human:>18}");
391393
}
392394

393395
eprintln!("\nSearch strategy explanation:");
@@ -406,6 +408,10 @@ fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
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"• 99th percentile: ~{:.1}× expected time",
407409
percentile_multiplier(0.99)
408410
);
411+
eprintln!(
412+
"• 99.9th percentile: ~{:.1}× expected time",
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percentile_multiplier(0.999)
414+
);
409415
}
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Commands::GenerateSalt { output } => {
411417
ensure_file_does_not_exists(&output, "output file already exists")?;

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