The URL Helper file contains functions that assist in working with URLs.
This helper is automatically loaded by the framework on every request.
The following functions are available:
.. php:function:: site_url([$uri = ''[, $protocol = NULL[, $altConfig = NULL]]])
:param string $uri: URI string
:param string $protocol: Protocol, e.g. 'http' or 'https'
:param \\Config\\App $altConfig: Alternate configuration to use
:returns: Site URL
:rtype: string
Returns your site URL, as specified in your config file. The index.php
file (or whatever you have set as your site **index_page** in your config
file) will be added to the URL, as will any URI segments you pass to the
function, plus the **url_suffix** as set in your config file.
You are encouraged to use this function any time you need to generate a
local URL so that your pages become more portable in the event your URL
changes.
Segments can be optionally passed to the function as a string or an
array. Here is a string example::
echo site_url('news/local/123');
The above example would return something like:
*http://example.com/index.php/news/local/123*
Here is an example of segments passed as an array::
$segments = array('news', 'local', '123');
echo site_url($segments);
You may find the alternate configuration useful if generating URLs for a
different site than yours, which contains different configuration preferences.
We use this for unit testing the framework itself.
.. php:function:: base_url([$uri = ''[, $protocol = NULL]])
:param string $uri: URI string
:param string $protocol: Protocol, e.g. 'http' or 'https'
:returns: Base URL
:rtype: string
Returns your site base URL, as specified in your config file. Example::
echo base_url();
This function returns the same thing as :php:func:`site_url()`, without
the *index_page* or *url_suffix* being appended.
Also like :php:func:`site_url()`, you can supply segments as a string or
an array. Here is a string example::
echo base_url("blog/post/123");
The above example would return something like:
*http://example.com/blog/post/123*
This is useful because unlike :php:func:`site_url()`, you can supply a
string to a file, such as an image or stylesheet. For example::
echo base_url("images/icons/edit.png");
This would give you something like:
*http://example.com/images/icons/edit.png*
.. php:function:: current_url([$returnObject = false])
:param boolean $returnObject: True if you would like a URI instance returned, instead of a string.
:returns: The current URL
:rtype: string|URI
Returns the full URL (including segments) of the page being currently
viewed.
.. note:: Calling this function is the same as doing this::
base_url(uri_string());
.. php:function:: previous_url([$returnObject = false])
:param boolean $returnObject: True if you would like a URI instance returned instead of a string.
:returns: The URL the user was previously on
:rtype: string|URI
Returns the full URL (including segments) of the page the user was previously on.
Due to security issues of blindly trusting the HTTP_REFERER system variable, CodeIgniter will
store previously visited pages in the session if it's available. This ensures that we always
use a known and trusted source. If the session hasn't been loaded, or is otherwise unavailable,
then a sanitized version of HTTP_REFERER will be used.
.. php:function:: uri_string()
:returns: An URI string
:rtype: string
Returns the path part of your current URL.
For example, if your URL was this::
http://some-site.com/blog/comments/123
The function would return::
blog/comments/123
.. php:function:: index_page([$altConfig = NULL])
:param \Config\App $altConfig: Alternate configuration to use
:returns: 'index_page' value
:rtype: mixed
Returns your site **index_page**, as specified in your config file.
Example::
echo index_page();
As with :php:func:`site_url()`, you may specify an alternate configuration.
You may find the alternate configuration useful if generating URLs for a
different site than yours, which contains different configuration preferences.
We use this for unit testing the framework itself.
.. php:function:: anchor([$uri = ''[, $title = ''[, $attributes = ''[, $altConfig = NULL]]]])
:param mixed $uri: URI string or array of URI segments
:param string $title: Anchor title
:param mixed $attributes: HTML attributes
:param \Config\App $altConfig: Alternate configuration to use
:returns: HTML hyperlink (anchor tag)
:rtype: string
Creates a standard HTML anchor link based on your local site URL.
The first parameter can contain any segments you wish appended to the
URL. As with the :php:func:`site_url()` function above, segments can
be a string or an array.
.. note:: If you are building links that are internal to your application
do not include the base URL (http://...). This will be added
automatically from the information specified in your config file.
Include only the URI segments you wish appended to the URL.
The second segment is the text you would like the link to say. If you
leave it blank, the URL will be used.
The third parameter can contain a list of attributes you would like
added to the link. The attributes can be a simple string or an
associative array.
Here are some examples::
echo anchor('news/local/123', 'My News', 'title="News title"');
// Prints: <a href="http://example.com/index.php/news/local/123" title="News title">My News</a>
echo anchor('news/local/123', 'My News', array('title' => 'The best news!'));
// Prints: <a href="http://example.com/index.php/news/local/123" title="The best news!">My News</a>
echo anchor('', 'Click here');
// Prints: <a href="http://example.com/index.php">Click here</a>
As above, you may specify an alternate configuration.
You may find the alternate configuration useful if generating links for a
different site than yours, which contains different configuration preferences.
We use this for unit testing the framework itself.
.. note:: Attributes passed into the anchor function are automatically escaped to protected against XSS attacks.
.. php:function:: anchor_popup([$uri = ''[, $title = ''[, $attributes = FALSE[, $altConfig = NULL]]]])
:param string $uri: URI string
:param string $title: Anchor title
:param mixed $attributes: HTML attributes
:param \Config\App $altConfig: Alternate configuration to use
:returns: Pop-up hyperlink
:rtype: string
Nearly identical to the :php:func:`anchor()` function except that it
opens the URL in a new window. You can specify JavaScript window
attributes in the third parameter to control how the window is opened.
If the third parameter is not set it will simply open a new window with
your own browser settings.
Here is an example with attributes::
$atts = array(
'width' => 800,
'height' => 600,
'scrollbars' => 'yes',
'status' => 'yes',
'resizable' => 'yes',
'screenx' => 0,
'screeny' => 0,
'window_name' => '_blank'
);
echo anchor_popup('news/local/123', 'Click Me!', $atts);
.. note:: The above attributes are the function defaults so you only need to
set the ones that are different from what you need. If you want the
function to use all of its defaults simply pass an empty array in the
third parameter::
echo anchor_popup('news/local/123', 'Click Me!', array());
.. note:: The **window_name** is not really an attribute, but an argument to
the JavaScript `window.open() <http://www.w3schools.com/jsref/met_win_open.asp>`_
method, which accepts either a window name or a window target.
.. note:: Any other attribute than the listed above will be parsed as an
HTML attribute to the anchor tag.
As above, you may specify an alternate configuration.
You may find the alternate configuration useful if generating links for a
different site than yours, which contains different configuration preferences.
We use this for unit testing the framework itself.
.. note:: Attributes passed into the anchor_popup function are automatically escaped to protected against XSS attacks.
.. php:function:: mailto($email[, $title = ''[, $attributes = '']])
:param string $email: E-mail address
:param string $title: Anchor title
:param mixed $attributes: HTML attributes
:returns: A "mail to" hyperlink
:rtype: string
Creates a standard HTML e-mail link. Usage example::
echo mailto('[email protected]', 'Click Here to Contact Me');
As with the :php:func:`anchor()` tab above, you can set attributes using the
third parameter::
$attributes = array('title' => 'Mail me');
echo mailto('[email protected]', 'Contact Me', $attributes);
.. note:: Attributes passed into the mailto function are automatically escaped to protected against XSS attacks.
.. php:function:: safe_mailto($email[, $title = ''[, $attributes = '']])
:param string $email: E-mail address
:param string $title: Anchor title
:param mixed $attributes: HTML attributes
:returns: A spam-safe "mail to" hyperlink
:rtype: string
Identical to the :php:func:`mailto()` function except it writes an obfuscated
version of the *mailto* tag using ordinal numbers written with JavaScript to
help prevent the e-mail address from being harvested by spam bots.
.. php:function:: auto_link($str[, $type = 'both'[, $popup = FALSE]])
:param string $str: Input string
:param string $type: Link type ('email', 'url' or 'both')
:param bool $popup: Whether to create popup links
:returns: Linkified string
:rtype: string
Automatically turns URLs and e-mail addresses contained in a string into
links. Example::
$string = auto_link($string);
The second parameter determines whether URLs and e-mails are converted or
just one or the other. Default behavior is both if the parameter is not
specified. E-mail links are encoded as :php:func:`safe_mailto()` as shown
above.
Converts only URLs::
$string = auto_link($string, 'url');
Converts only e-mail addresses::
$string = auto_link($string, 'email');
The third parameter determines whether links are shown in a new window.
The value can be TRUE or FALSE (boolean)::
$string = auto_link($string, 'both', TRUE);
.. note:: The only URLs recognized are those that start with "www." or with "://".
.. php:function:: url_title($str[, $separator = '-'[, $lowercase = FALSE]])
:param string $str: Input string
:param string $separator: Word separator
:param bool $lowercase: Whether to transform the output string to lower-case
:returns: URL-formatted string
:rtype: string
Takes a string as input and creates a human-friendly URL string. This is
useful if, for example, you have a blog in which you'd like to use the
title of your entries in the URL. Example::
$title = "What's wrong with CSS?";
$url_title = url_title($title);
// Produces: Whats-wrong-with-CSS
The second parameter determines the word delimiter. By default dashes
are used. Preferred options are: **-** (dash) or **_** (underscore).
Example::
$title = "What's wrong with CSS?";
$url_title = url_title($title, 'underscore');
// Produces: Whats_wrong_with_CSS
The third parameter determines whether or not lowercase characters are
forced. By default they are not. Options are boolean TRUE/FALSE.
Example::
$title = "What's wrong with CSS?";
$url_title = url_title($title, 'underscore', TRUE);
// Produces: whats_wrong_with_css
.. php:function:: prep_url($str = '')
:param string $str: URL string
:returns: Protocol-prefixed URL string
:rtype: string
This function will add *http://* in the event that a protocol prefix
is missing from a URL.
Pass the URL string to the function like this::
$url = prep_url('example.com');