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Add: 3 new articles (Exchange Rates, Interest Rates, Frozen Poultry)
- Exchange Rates December 2025: CAD at 1.38/USD, -3.1% YoY - Interest Rates December 2025: Bank rate at 2.5%, down 275bp from peak - Frozen Poultry Stocks December 2025: 82,810 tonnes, -9.5% YoY Source: CANSIM Tables 33-10-0163, 10-10-0122, 32-10-0122 🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code) Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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‎docs/articles.json.js‎

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"25-10": "energy",
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"22-10": "employment",
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"12-10": "trade",
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"10-10": "finance"
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"10-10": "finance",
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"33-10": "finance"
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};
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// Indicator mapping from slug patterns to display names
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"farm-prices": "Farm Prices",
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"grain-deliveries": "Grain Deliveries",
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"household-credit": "Household Credit",
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"manufacturing-capacity": "Manufacturing Capacity"
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"manufacturing-capacity": "Manufacturing Capacity",
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"exchange-rates": "Exchange Rates",
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"interest-rates": "Interest Rates",
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"frozen-poultry-stocks": "Frozen Poultry Stocks"
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},
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fr: {
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"ipc": "Indice des prix",
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"prix-agricoles": "Prix agricoles",
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"livraisons-cereales": "Livraisons de cereales",
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"credit-menages": "Credit des menages",
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"capacite-manufacturiere": "Capacite manufacturiere"
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"capacite-manufacturiere": "Capacite manufacturiere",
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"taux-change": "Taux de change",
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"taux-interet": "Taux d'interet",
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"stocks-volaille-congelee": "Stocks de volaille congelee"
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}
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};
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‎docs/en/exchange-rates-december-2025/index.md‎

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---
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title: Canadian dollar strengthens 3.1% against U.S. dollar year over year in December 2025
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---
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# Canadian dollar strengthens 3.1% against U.S. dollar year over year in December 2025
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<p class="release-date">Released: 2026-01-06</p>
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<div class="metric-box">
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<div class="value">1.38</div>
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<div class="label">CAD per USD, December 2025</div>
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</div>
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The Canadian dollar strengthened against the U.S. dollar in December 2025, with the exchange rate averaging 1.3802 Canadian dollars per U.S. dollar. This represents a 3.1% appreciation compared with December 2024, when the rate stood at 1.4240. On a monthly basis, the Canadian dollar strengthened 1.8% from November 2025.
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<div class="highlights">
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**Highlights**
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- The Canadian dollar strengthened 3.1% year over year against the U.S. dollar
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- Monthly average exchange rate was 1.3802 CAD per USD in December 2025
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- The Canadian dollar weakened against European currencies, with the euro and Swiss franc both up over 8%
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- The Swedish krona showed the largest gain against the Canadian dollar at 14.4%
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</div>
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## U.S. dollar exchange rate trend
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The exchange rate has fluctuated through 2025, reaching a peak of 1.4390 CAD per USD in January before declining through the spring. After a brief recovery in the fall, the rate fell back to 1.3802 in December.
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```js
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import * as Plot from "npm:@observablehq/plot";
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const exchangeData = [
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{date: new Date("2024-01"), rate: 1.3425},
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{date: new Date("2024-02"), rate: 1.3501},
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{date: new Date("2024-03"), rate: 1.3539},
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{date: new Date("2024-04"), rate: 1.3674},
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{date: new Date("2024-05"), rate: 1.3670},
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{date: new Date("2024-06"), rate: 1.3707},
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{date: new Date("2024-07"), rate: 1.3712},
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{date: new Date("2024-08"), rate: 1.3652},
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{date: new Date("2024-09"), rate: 1.3546},
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{date: new Date("2024-10"), rate: 1.3755},
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{date: new Date("2024-11"), rate: 1.3975},
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{date: new Date("2024-12"), rate: 1.4240},
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{date: new Date("2025-01"), rate: 1.4390},
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{date: new Date("2025-02"), rate: 1.4301},
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{date: new Date("2025-03"), rate: 1.4359},
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{date: new Date("2025-04"), rate: 1.3988},
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{date: new Date("2025-05"), rate: 1.3860},
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{date: new Date("2025-06"), rate: 1.3674},
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{date: new Date("2025-07"), rate: 1.3691},
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{date: new Date("2025-08"), rate: 1.3802},
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{date: new Date("2025-09"), rate: 1.3833},
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{date: new Date("2025-10"), rate: 1.3992},
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{date: new Date("2025-11"), rate: 1.4055},
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{date: new Date("2025-12"), rate: 1.3802}
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];
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display(Plot.plot({
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title: "CAD per USD exchange rate (monthly average)",
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width: 640,
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height: 280,
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y: {domain: [1.30, 1.50], grid: true, label: "CAD per USD"},
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x: {type: "utc", label: null},
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marks: [
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Plot.ruleY([1.35, 1.40, 1.45], {stroke: "#ddd", strokeDasharray: "4,4"}),
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Plot.areaY(exchangeData, {x: "date", y: "rate", fill: "#AF3C43", fillOpacity: 0.1}),
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Plot.lineY(exchangeData, {x: "date", y: "rate", stroke: "#AF3C43", strokeWidth: 2}),
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Plot.dot(exchangeData, {x: "date", y: "rate", fill: "#AF3C43", r: 3})
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]
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}));
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```
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## Currency performance versus Canadian dollar
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The Canadian dollar's performance varied widely across major trading partner currencies in December 2025. European currencies strengthened significantly against the Canadian dollar, while most Asian currencies weakened.
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```js
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const currencies = [
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{name: "Swedish krona", change: 14.4},
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{name: "Euro", change: 8.4},
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{name: "Swiss franc", change: 8.4},
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{name: "Mexican peso", change: 8.6},
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{name: "Brazilian real", change: 8.4},
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{name: "Peruvian sol", change: 7.5},
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{name: "Norwegian krone", change: 7.5},
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{name: "South African rand", change: 4.7},
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{name: "U.K. pound", change: 2.5},
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{name: "Singapore dollar", change: 1.4},
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{name: "Australian dollar", change: 1.5},
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{name: "Chinese renminbi", change: 0.2},
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{name: "New Zealand dollar", change: -2.5},
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{name: "Saudi riyal", change: -2.9},
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{name: "U.S. dollar", change: -3.1},
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{name: "Hong Kong dollar", change: -3.2},
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{name: "Japanese yen", change: -4.4},
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{name: "South Korean won", change: -5.0},
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{name: "Indian rupee", change: -8.5}
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];
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display(Plot.plot({
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title: "Year-over-year change vs CAD by currency (%)",
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width: 640,
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height: 480,
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marginLeft: 120,
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x: {domain: [-15, 20], grid: true, label: "Percent change"},
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y: {label: null},
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marks: [
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Plot.ruleX([0]),
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Plot.barX(currencies, {
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y: "name",
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x: "change",
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fill: d => d.change >= 0 ? "#AF3C43" : "#2e7d32",
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sort: {y: "-x"}
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}),
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Plot.text(currencies, {
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y: "name",
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x: "change",
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text: d => (d.change >= 0 ? "+" : "") + d.change.toFixed(1) + "%",
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dx: d => d.change >= 0 ? 20 : -20,
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fill: "currentColor"
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})
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]
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}));
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```
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## Major currencies December 2025
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| Currency | CAD per unit | Year-over-year change |
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|----------|-------------|----------------------|
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| U.K. pound sterling | 1.8469 | +2.5% |
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| Swiss franc | 1.7317 | +8.4% |
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| European euro | 1.6162 | +8.4% |
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| U.S. dollar | 1.3802 | -3.1% |
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| Singapore dollar | 1.0689 | +1.4% |
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| Australian dollar | 0.9164 | +1.5% |
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| New Zealand dollar | 0.7983 | -2.5% |
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<div class="note-to-readers">
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## Note to readers
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These exchange rates represent monthly averages as calculated by the Bank of Canada. Exchange rates are expressed as Canadian dollars per unit of foreign currency. A decrease in the rate indicates that the Canadian dollar has strengthened against the foreign currency.
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The Bank of Canada publishes daily noon and closing exchange rates as well as monthly averages for a range of currencies.
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</div>
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<details>
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<summary>Reproducibility: R code for data extraction</summary>
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```r
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library(cansim)
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library(dplyr)
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# Fetch exchange rate data
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fx <- get_cansim("33-10-0163")
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# USD/CAD time series
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usd_cad <- fx %>%
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filter(`Type of currency` == "U.S. dollar, monthly average") %>%
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select(REF_DATE, VALUE) %>%
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arrange(desc(REF_DATE))
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# December 2025 rate
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dec2025 <- usd_cad %>% filter(REF_DATE == "2025-12") %>% pull(VALUE)
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dec2024 <- usd_cad %>% filter(REF_DATE == "2024-12") %>% pull(VALUE)
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yoy_change <- (dec2025 - dec2024) / dec2024 * 100
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# All currencies December 2025
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all_currencies <- fx %>%
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filter(REF_DATE == "2025-12") %>%
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select(`Type of currency`, VALUE) %>%
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arrange(desc(VALUE))
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# Year-over-year changes by currency
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yoy_by_currency <- fx %>%
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filter(REF_DATE %in% c("2025-12", "2024-12")) %>%
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select(`Type of currency`, REF_DATE, VALUE) %>%
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tidyr::pivot_wider(names_from = REF_DATE, values_from = VALUE) %>%
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mutate(yoy_change = (`2025-12` - `2024-12`) / `2024-12` * 100)
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```
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</details>
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<div class="source-info">
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**Source:** Statistics Canada, [Table 33-10-0163](https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3310016301)
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**Survey:** Bank of Canada
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**Reference period:** December 2025
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</div>
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```js
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// Related articles sidebar
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import {createSidebar} from "../../components/sidebar.js";
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const articles = await FileAttachment("../../articles.json").json();
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display(createSidebar(articles, "exchange-rates-december-2025", "en"));
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```

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