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description Modern alternatives for TypeScript schema validation

TypeScript schema validation

This page contains common, recommended alternatives for TypeScript schema validation. valibot and zod/mini are modular, tree-shakable options that both support Standard Schema, allowing them to work with schema-agnostic integrations.

See Schema Benchmarks to explore other schema validation libraries and compare their bundle sizes and runtime behavior.

When migrating between schema libraries, verify optionality, empty-string handling, type coercion, unknown object keys, error messages, and synchronous versus asynchronous validation.

valibot

Valibot uses a functional API with tree-shakable schema and validation actions.

import * as v from 'valibot'

const personSchema = v.object({
  name: v.pipe(v.string(), v.nonEmpty()),
  age: v.pipe(v.number(), v.minValue(0))
})

const person = v.parse(personSchema, input)

Valibot schemas are required by default; wrap optional fields with v.optional(...). Use v.nonEmpty() when empty strings are invalid, and compose further checks with v.pipe(...). v.parse is synchronous; use v.parseAsync for asynchronous validation.

Valibot makes transformations explicit (for example, v.toNumber()), and v.object removes unknown keys. Use v.looseObject when those keys need to be preserved.

zod/mini

Zod Mini is the tree-shakable, functional API included with Zod 4. Install zod@^4.0.0 and import the zod/mini subpath:

import * as z from 'zod/mini'

const personSchema = z.object({
  name: z.string().check(z.minLength(1)),
  age: z.number().check(z.gte(0))
})

const person = personSchema.parse(input)

Zod Mini schemas are required by default; wrap optional fields with z.optional(...). Its functional checks are passed to the schema with .check(...), while parse, safeParse, parseAsync, and safeParseAsync remain schema methods. As with Valibot, z.object strips unknown keys by default; use z.looseObject to preserve them.

Zod Mini does not load a default error-message locale. Configure one explicitly, for example with z.config(z.locales.en()), when callers depend on English error messages.