[9.5](backport #51915) chore: update github.com/prometheus/prometheus to v0.312.0
#6797
| Job | Run time |
|---|---|
| 9s | |
| 9s |
github.com/prometheus/prometheus to v0.312.0
#6797
| Job | Run time |
|---|---|
| 9s | |
| 9s |