diff --git a/crates/pyrefly_types/src/stdlib.rs b/crates/pyrefly_types/src/stdlib.rs
index a3202794f4..195625889a 100644
--- a/crates/pyrefly_types/src/stdlib.rs
+++ b/crates/pyrefly_types/src/stdlib.rs
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ pub struct Stdlib {
     dict_keys: StdlibResult<(Class, Arc<TParams>)>,
     dict_values: StdlibResult<(Class, Arc<TParams>)>,
     mapping: StdlibResult<(Class, Arc<TParams>)>,
+    supports_keys_and_get_item: StdlibResult<(Class, Arc<TParams>)>,
     set: StdlibResult<(Class, Arc<TParams>)>,
     tuple: StdlibResult<(Class, Arc<TParams>)>,
     enumerate: StdlibResult<(Class, Arc<TParams>)>,
@@ -281,6 +282,11 @@ impl Stdlib {
             method_type: lookup_concrete(types, "MethodType"),
             module_type: lookup_concrete(types, "ModuleType"),
             mapping: lookup_generic(typing, "Mapping", 2),
+            supports_keys_and_get_item: lookup_generic(
+                ModuleName::from_str("_typeshed"),
+                "SupportsKeysAndGetItem",
+                2,
+            ),
             enum_meta: lookup_concrete(enum_, "EnumMeta"),
             protocol_meta: lookup_concrete(typing, "_ProtocolMeta"),
             enum_flag: lookup_concrete(enum_, "Flag"),
@@ -526,6 +532,10 @@ impl Stdlib {
         &Self::unwrap(&self.mapping).0
     }
 
+    pub fn supports_keys_and_get_item(&self, key: Type, value: Type) -> ClassType {
+        Self::apply(&self.supports_keys_and_get_item, vec![key, value])
+    }
+
     pub fn set(&self, x: Type) -> ClassType {
         Self::apply(&self.set, vec![x])
     }
diff --git a/pyrefly/lib/alt/expr.rs b/pyrefly/lib/alt/expr.rs
index 4902ef0bbe..2b18a4d6d5 100644
--- a/pyrefly/lib/alt/expr.rs
+++ b/pyrefly/lib/alt/expr.rs
@@ -1982,7 +1982,7 @@ impl<'ctx, 'answer, Ans: LookupAnswer> AnswersSolver<'ctx, 'answer, Ans> {
                                 value_tys.push(field.ty.clone());
                             }
                         }
-                    } else if let Some((key_t, value_t)) = self.unwrap_mapping(&ty) {
+                    } else if let Some((key_t, value_t)) = self.unwrap_mapping_for_unpacking(&ty) {
                         // Non-anonymous-typed-dict unpacking disables anonymous typed dict creation
                         can_create_anonymous_typed_dict = false;
                         if !key_t.is_error() {
diff --git a/pyrefly/lib/alt/unwrap.rs b/pyrefly/lib/alt/unwrap.rs
index bde9e52f93..53563e9ead 100644
--- a/pyrefly/lib/alt/unwrap.rs
+++ b/pyrefly/lib/alt/unwrap.rs
@@ -172,6 +172,23 @@ impl<'ctx, 'answer, Ans: LookupAnswer> AnswersSolver<'ctx, 'answer, Ans> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Extract key and value types for dictionary unpacking, including structural mappings.
+    pub fn unwrap_mapping_for_unpacking(&self, ty: &Type) -> Option<(Type, Type)> {
+        self.unwrap_mapping(ty).or_else(|| {
+            let key = self.fresh_var();
+            let value = self.fresh_var();
+            let mapping_type = self.heap.mk_class_type(
+                self.stdlib
+                    .supports_keys_and_get_item(key.to_type(self.heap), value.to_type(self.heap)),
+            );
+            if self.is_subset_eq(ty, &mapping_type) {
+                Some((self.resolve_var(ty, key), self.resolve_var(ty, value)))
+            } else {
+                None
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
     /// Warning: this returns `Some` if the type is `Any` or a class that extends `Any`
     pub fn unwrap_awaitable(&self, ty: &Type) -> Option<Type> {
         let var = self.fresh_var();
diff --git a/pyrefly/lib/test/simple.rs b/pyrefly/lib/test/simple.rs
index 3af3c9fbf5..9e675a2c96 100644
--- a/pyrefly/lib/test/simple.rs
+++ b/pyrefly/lib/test/simple.rs
@@ -967,6 +967,65 @@ def test(m: Mapping[str, int]) -> None:
 "#,
 );
 
+testcase!(
+    test_dict_unpack_duck_mapping,
+    r#"
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from typing import Any, assert_type
+
+class DuckMapping:
+    def keys(self) -> Iterable[str]:
+        return ["a", "b"]
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> Any:
+        return {"a": 1, "b": 2}[key]
+
+assert_type({**DuckMapping()}, dict[str, Any])
+assert_type({"x": 1, **DuckMapping()}, dict[str, int | Any])
+
+class GenericMapping[K, V]:
+    def keys(self) -> Iterable[K]: ...
+    def __getitem__(self, key: K) -> V: ...
+
+def test(mapping: GenericMapping[str, int], union: GenericMapping[str, int] | dict[str, str]):
+    assert_type({**mapping}, dict[str, int])
+    assert_type({"x": 1, **mapping}, dict[str, int])
+    assert_type({**union}, dict[str, int | str])
+    widened: dict[str, int | str] = {**mapping}
+    wrong_key: dict[int, int] = {**mapping}  # E: `dict[str, int]` is not assignable to `dict[int, int]`
+    wrong_value: dict[str, str] = {**mapping}  # E: `dict[str, int]` is not assignable to `dict[str, str]`
+
+def test_non_string_keys(mapping: GenericMapping[int, str]):
+    assert_type({**mapping}, dict[int, str])
+"#,
+);
+
+testcase!(
+    test_dict_unpack_invalid_duck_mapping,
+    r#"
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+
+class MissingKeys:
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> int: ...
+
+class MissingGetItem:
+    def keys(self) -> Iterable[str]: ...
+
+class NonIterableKeys:
+    def keys(self) -> int: ...
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> int: ...
+
+class IncompatibleKey:
+    def keys(self) -> Iterable[str]: ...
+    def __getitem__(self, key: int) -> int: ...
+
+{**MissingKeys()}  # E: Expected a mapping, got MissingKeys
+{**MissingGetItem()}  # E: Expected a mapping, got MissingGetItem
+{**NonIterableKeys()}  # E: Expected a mapping, got NonIterableKeys
+{**IncompatibleKey()}  # E: Expected a mapping, got IncompatibleKey
+"#,
+);
+
 testcase!(
     test_dict_unpack_subclass,
     r#"