eigen_valuesPCA.ipynb

{
  "nbformat": 4,
  "nbformat_minor": 0,
  "metadata": {
    "colab": {
      "provenance": []
    },
    "kernelspec": {
      "name": "python3",
      "display_name": "Python 3"
    },
    "language_info": {
      "name": "python"
    }
  },
  "cells": [
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 206
        },
        "id": "DxpGEgj0pws1",
        "outputId": "ac526db0-6af1-4511-a8f2-f20a505b17ad"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "     0    1    2    3\n",
              "0  5.1  3.5  1.4  0.2\n",
              "1  4.9  3.0  1.4  0.2\n",
              "2  4.7  3.2  1.3  0.2\n",
              "3  4.6  3.1  1.5  0.2\n",
              "4  5.0  3.6  1.4  0.2"
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-4a0f2d3d-0da7-406c-8fd7-0f1e7b14f980\">\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "      <div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>5.1</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.5</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.4</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.2</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>4.9</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.4</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.2</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>4.7</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.2</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.3</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.2</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>4.6</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.5</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.2</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.6</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.4</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.2</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "      <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-4a0f2d3d-0da7-406c-8fd7-0f1e7b14f980')\"\n",
              "              title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
              "              style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "        \n",
              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
              "       width=\"24px\">\n",
              "    <path d=\"M0 0h24v24H0V0z\" fill=\"none\"/>\n",
              "    <path d=\"M18.56 5.44l.94 2.06.94-2.06 2.06-.94-2.06-.94-.94-2.06-.94 2.06-2.06.94zm-11 1L8.5 8.5l.94-2.06 2.06-.94-2.06-.94L8.5 2.5l-.94 2.06-2.06.94zm10 10l.94 2.06.94-2.06 2.06-.94-2.06-.94-.94-2.06-.94 2.06-2.06.94z\"/><path d=\"M17.41 7.96l-1.37-1.37c-.4-.4-.92-.59-1.43-.59-.52 0-1.04.2-1.43.59L10.3 9.45l-7.72 7.72c-.78.78-.78 2.05 0 2.83L4 21.41c.39.39.9.59 1.41.59.51 0 1.02-.2 1.41-.59l7.78-7.78 2.81-2.81c.8-.78.8-2.07 0-2.86zM5.41 20L4 18.59l7.72-7.72 1.47 1.35L5.41 20z\"/>\n",
              "  </svg>\n",
              "      </button>\n",
              "      \n",
              "  <style>\n",
              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
              "      display:flex;\n",
              "      flex-wrap:wrap;\n",
              "      gap: 12px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      border: none;\n",
              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
              "      display: none;\n",
              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
              "      height: 32px;\n",
              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
              "      width: 32px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
              "      <script>\n",
              "        const buttonEl =\n",
              "          document.querySelector('#df-4a0f2d3d-0da7-406c-8fd7-0f1e7b14f980 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "        buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "          google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "        async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "          const element = document.querySelector('#df-4a0f2d3d-0da7-406c-8fd7-0f1e7b14f980');\n",
              "          const dataTable =\n",
              "            await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                     [key], {});\n",
              "          if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "          const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "            '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "            + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "          element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "          dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "          await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "          const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "          docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "          element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "        }\n",
              "      </script>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "  "
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 3
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "#loading iris data set\n",
        "from sklearn.datasets import load_iris\n",
        "iris= load_iris()\n",
        "# Store features matrix in X\n",
        "X= iris.data\n",
        "#Store target vector in\n",
        "y= iris.target\n",
        "from sklearn.datasets import load_iris\n",
        "iris= load_iris()\n",
        "import pandas as pd\n",
        "#make sure to save the data frame to a variable\n",
        "data = pd.DataFrame(iris.data)\n",
        "data.head()\n",
        "\n",
        "\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "data.columns = ['sepal_length', 'sepal_width', 'petal_length', 'petal_width']\n",
        "#note: it is common practice to use underscores between words, and avoid spaces\n",
        "data.head()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 206
        },
        "id": "yLJh3G7tvelP",
        "outputId": "6a0a1707-e3e3-4201-9a40-f17f22706a27"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "   sepal_length  sepal_width  petal_length  petal_width\n",
              "0           5.1          3.5           1.4          0.2\n",
              "1           4.9          3.0           1.4          0.2\n",
              "2           4.7          3.2           1.3          0.2\n",
              "3           4.6          3.1           1.5          0.2\n",
              "4           5.0          3.6           1.4          0.2"
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-8495ef3f-0944-417a-affe-77fabb139f5b\">\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "      <div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>sepal_length</th>\n",
              "      <th>sepal_width</th>\n",
              "      <th>petal_length</th>\n",
              "      <th>petal_width</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>5.1</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.5</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.4</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.2</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>4.9</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.4</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.2</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>4.7</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.2</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.3</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.2</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>4.6</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.5</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.2</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.6</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.4</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.2</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "      <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-8495ef3f-0944-417a-affe-77fabb139f5b')\"\n",
              "              title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
              "              style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "        \n",
              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
              "       width=\"24px\">\n",
              "    <path d=\"M0 0h24v24H0V0z\" fill=\"none\"/>\n",
              "    <path d=\"M18.56 5.44l.94 2.06.94-2.06 2.06-.94-2.06-.94-.94-2.06-.94 2.06-2.06.94zm-11 1L8.5 8.5l.94-2.06 2.06-.94-2.06-.94L8.5 2.5l-.94 2.06-2.06.94zm10 10l.94 2.06.94-2.06 2.06-.94-2.06-.94-.94-2.06-.94 2.06-2.06.94z\"/><path d=\"M17.41 7.96l-1.37-1.37c-.4-.4-.92-.59-1.43-.59-.52 0-1.04.2-1.43.59L10.3 9.45l-7.72 7.72c-.78.78-.78 2.05 0 2.83L4 21.41c.39.39.9.59 1.41.59.51 0 1.02-.2 1.41-.59l7.78-7.78 2.81-2.81c.8-.78.8-2.07 0-2.86zM5.41 20L4 18.59l7.72-7.72 1.47 1.35L5.41 20z\"/>\n",
              "  </svg>\n",
              "      </button>\n",
              "      \n",
              "  <style>\n",
              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
              "      display:flex;\n",
              "      flex-wrap:wrap;\n",
              "      gap: 12px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      border: none;\n",
              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
              "      display: none;\n",
              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
              "      height: 32px;\n",
              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
              "      width: 32px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
              "      <script>\n",
              "        const buttonEl =\n",
              "          document.querySelector('#df-8495ef3f-0944-417a-affe-77fabb139f5b button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "        buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "          google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "        async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "          const element = document.querySelector('#df-8495ef3f-0944-417a-affe-77fabb139f5b');\n",
              "          const dataTable =\n",
              "            await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                     [key], {});\n",
              "          if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "          const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "            '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "            + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "          element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "          dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "          await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "          const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "          docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "          element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "        }\n",
              "      </script>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "  "
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 4
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "data.describe()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "VvdKoJ7-wE7s",
        "outputId": "55eb09e1-ffb1-4072-ef7a-c39e198ac24a",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 300
        }
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "       sepal_length  sepal_width  petal_length  petal_width\n",
              "count    150.000000   150.000000    150.000000   150.000000\n",
              "mean       5.843333     3.057333      3.758000     1.199333\n",
              "std        0.828066     0.435866      1.765298     0.762238\n",
              "min        4.300000     2.000000      1.000000     0.100000\n",
              "25%        5.100000     2.800000      1.600000     0.300000\n",
              "50%        5.800000     3.000000      4.350000     1.300000\n",
              "75%        6.400000     3.300000      5.100000     1.800000\n",
              "max        7.900000     4.400000      6.900000     2.500000"
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-ce738381-151d-4939-8377-c491c709ddb8\">\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "      <div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>sepal_length</th>\n",
              "      <th>sepal_width</th>\n",
              "      <th>petal_length</th>\n",
              "      <th>petal_width</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>count</th>\n",
              "      <td>150.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>150.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>150.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>150.000000</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>mean</th>\n",
              "      <td>5.843333</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.057333</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.758000</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.199333</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>std</th>\n",
              "      <td>0.828066</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.435866</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.765298</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.762238</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>min</th>\n",
              "      <td>4.300000</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.100000</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>25%</th>\n",
              "      <td>5.100000</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.800000</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.600000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.300000</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>50%</th>\n",
              "      <td>5.800000</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>4.350000</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.300000</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>75%</th>\n",
              "      <td>6.400000</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.300000</td>\n",
              "      <td>5.100000</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.800000</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>max</th>\n",
              "      <td>7.900000</td>\n",
              "      <td>4.400000</td>\n",
              "      <td>6.900000</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.500000</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "      <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-ce738381-151d-4939-8377-c491c709ddb8')\"\n",
              "              title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
              "              style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "        \n",
              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
              "       width=\"24px\">\n",
              "    <path d=\"M0 0h24v24H0V0z\" fill=\"none\"/>\n",
              "    <path d=\"M18.56 5.44l.94 2.06.94-2.06 2.06-.94-2.06-.94-.94-2.06-.94 2.06-2.06.94zm-11 1L8.5 8.5l.94-2.06 2.06-.94-2.06-.94L8.5 2.5l-.94 2.06-2.06.94zm10 10l.94 2.06.94-2.06 2.06-.94-2.06-.94-.94-2.06-.94 2.06-2.06.94z\"/><path d=\"M17.41 7.96l-1.37-1.37c-.4-.4-.92-.59-1.43-.59-.52 0-1.04.2-1.43.59L10.3 9.45l-7.72 7.72c-.78.78-.78 2.05 0 2.83L4 21.41c.39.39.9.59 1.41.59.51 0 1.02-.2 1.41-.59l7.78-7.78 2.81-2.81c.8-.78.8-2.07 0-2.86zM5.41 20L4 18.59l7.72-7.72 1.47 1.35L5.41 20z\"/>\n",
              "  </svg>\n",
              "      </button>\n",
              "      \n",
              "  <style>\n",
              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
              "      display:flex;\n",
              "      flex-wrap:wrap;\n",
              "      gap: 12px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      border: none;\n",
              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
              "      display: none;\n",
              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
              "      height: 32px;\n",
              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
              "      width: 32px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
              "      <script>\n",
              "        const buttonEl =\n",
              "          document.querySelector('#df-ce738381-151d-4939-8377-c491c709ddb8 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "        buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "          google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "        async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "          const element = document.querySelector('#df-ce738381-151d-4939-8377-c491c709ddb8');\n",
              "          const dataTable =\n",
              "            await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                     [key], {});\n",
              "          if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "          const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "            '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "            + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "          element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "          dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "          await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "          const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "          docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "          element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "        }\n",
              "      </script>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "  "
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 5
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "data.info()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "jMxS-yYywI_r",
        "outputId": "b3ee60a3-8b25-431d-ef4d-852b85ba6733",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>\n",
            "RangeIndex: 150 entries, 0 to 149\n",
            "Data columns (total 4 columns):\n",
            " #   Column        Non-Null Count  Dtype  \n",
            "---  ------        --------------  -----  \n",
            " 0   sepal_length  150 non-null    float64\n",
            " 1   sepal_width   150 non-null    float64\n",
            " 2   petal_length  150 non-null    float64\n",
            " 3   petal_width   150 non-null    float64\n",
            "dtypes: float64(4)\n",
            "memory usage: 4.8 KB\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "#put target data into data frame\n",
        "target = pd.DataFrame(iris.target)\n",
        "#Lets rename the column so that we know that these values refer to the target values\n",
        "target = target.rename(columns = {0: 'target'})\n",
        "target.head()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 206
        },
        "id": "HkD66syBvmae",
        "outputId": "31993f81-0988-49ff-e77f-ce5d041f64f0"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "   target\n",
              "0       0\n",
              "1       0\n",
              "2       0\n",
              "3       0\n",
              "4       0"
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-5afa0af5-5995-4e2b-97c4-6814227bd03b\">\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "      <div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>target</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "      <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-5afa0af5-5995-4e2b-97c4-6814227bd03b')\"\n",
              "              title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
              "              style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "        \n",
              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
              "       width=\"24px\">\n",
              "    <path d=\"M0 0h24v24H0V0z\" fill=\"none\"/>\n",
              "    <path d=\"M18.56 5.44l.94 2.06.94-2.06 2.06-.94-2.06-.94-.94-2.06-.94 2.06-2.06.94zm-11 1L8.5 8.5l.94-2.06 2.06-.94-2.06-.94L8.5 2.5l-.94 2.06-2.06.94zm10 10l.94 2.06.94-2.06 2.06-.94-2.06-.94-.94-2.06-.94 2.06-2.06.94z\"/><path d=\"M17.41 7.96l-1.37-1.37c-.4-.4-.92-.59-1.43-.59-.52 0-1.04.2-1.43.59L10.3 9.45l-7.72 7.72c-.78.78-.78 2.05 0 2.83L4 21.41c.39.39.9.59 1.41.59.51 0 1.02-.2 1.41-.59l7.78-7.78 2.81-2.81c.8-.78.8-2.07 0-2.86zM5.41 20L4 18.59l7.72-7.72 1.47 1.35L5.41 20z\"/>\n",
              "  </svg>\n",
              "      </button>\n",
              "      \n",
              "  <style>\n",
              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
              "      display:flex;\n",
              "      flex-wrap:wrap;\n",
              "      gap: 12px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      border: none;\n",
              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
              "      display: none;\n",
              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
              "      height: 32px;\n",
              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
              "      width: 32px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
              "      <script>\n",
              "        const buttonEl =\n",
              "          document.querySelector('#df-5afa0af5-5995-4e2b-97c4-6814227bd03b button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "        buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "          google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "        async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "          const element = document.querySelector('#df-5afa0af5-5995-4e2b-97c4-6814227bd03b');\n",
              "          const dataTable =\n",
              "            await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                     [key], {});\n",
              "          if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "          const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "            '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "            + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "          element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "          dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "          await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "          const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "          docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "          element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "        }\n",
              "      </script>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "  "
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 3
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "import pandas as pd\n",
        "import numpy as np\n",
        "import seaborn as sns\n",
        "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
        "df = pd.DataFrame(data=iris.data, columns=iris.feature_names)\n",
        "df['class'] = iris.target\n",
        "df\n",
        "\n",
        "x = df.drop(labels='class', axis=1).values\n",
        "y = df['class'].values\n",
        "\n",
        "from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler\n",
        "X_std=StandardScaler().fit_transform(X)\n",
        "\n",
        "mean_vec=np.mean(X_std,axis=0)\n",
        "cov_mat=(X_std-mean_vec).T.dot((X_std-mean_vec))/(X_std.shape[0]-1)\n",
        "print(\"Covariance Matrix \\n%s\" %cov_mat)\n"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "4sKxxZcBv75n",
        "outputId": "f1838795-92e6-4348-b30b-314170a7f3f6"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "Covariance Matrix \n",
            "[[ 1.00671141 -0.11835884  0.87760447  0.82343066]\n",
            " [-0.11835884  1.00671141 -0.43131554 -0.36858315]\n",
            " [ 0.87760447 -0.43131554  1.00671141  0.96932762]\n",
            " [ 0.82343066 -0.36858315  0.96932762  1.00671141]]\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "print(\"Numpy Covariance matrix \\n%s\" %np.cov(X_std.T))"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "WexIqP-IyxQg",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "a24e9479-f9be-4bf5-d621-05c6e6b60840"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "Numpy Covariance matrix \n",
            "[[ 1.00671141 -0.11835884  0.87760447  0.82343066]\n",
            " [-0.11835884  1.00671141 -0.43131554 -0.36858315]\n",
            " [ 0.87760447 -0.43131554  1.00671141  0.96932762]\n",
            " [ 0.82343066 -0.36858315  0.96932762  1.00671141]]\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "cov_mat=np.cov(X_std.T)\n",
        "\n",
        "eig_vals, eig_vecs=np.linalg.eig(cov_mat)\n",
        "\n",
        "print(\"Eigenvectors \\n%s\" %eig_vecs)\n",
        "print(\"Eigenvelues \\n%s\" %eig_vals)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "LDH5_SsZyyWw",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "de113c17-15f8-4079-c3ce-859f2f341d6f"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "Eigenvectors \n",
            "[[ 0.52106591 -0.37741762 -0.71956635  0.26128628]\n",
            " [-0.26934744 -0.92329566  0.24438178 -0.12350962]\n",
            " [ 0.5804131  -0.02449161  0.14212637 -0.80144925]\n",
            " [ 0.56485654 -0.06694199  0.63427274  0.52359713]]\n",
            "Eigenvelues \n",
            "[2.93808505 0.9201649  0.14774182 0.02085386]\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "cor_mat2=np.corrcoef(X.T)\n",
        "eig_vals, eig_vecs=np.linalg.eig(cor_mat2)\n",
        "\n",
        "print(\"Eigenvectors \\n%s\" %eig_vecs)\n",
        "print(\"Eigenvelues \\n%s\" %eig_vals)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "zSh9kGg_y4U2",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "c99ca945-2dac-4889-fceb-1d06fdbafd08"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "Eigenvectors \n",
            "[[ 0.52106591 -0.37741762 -0.71956635  0.26128628]\n",
            " [-0.26934744 -0.92329566  0.24438178 -0.12350962]\n",
            " [ 0.5804131  -0.02449161  0.14212637 -0.80144925]\n",
            " [ 0.56485654 -0.06694199  0.63427274  0.52359713]]\n",
            "Eigenvelues \n",
            "[2.91849782 0.91403047 0.14675688 0.02071484]\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "u, s, v=np.linalg.svd(X_std.T)\n",
        "u\n",
        "Xmean = mean(X,2)           % find mean\n",
        "\n",
        "A = X - Xmean*ones(1,n);    % subtract mean from each point\n",
        "rho = norm(A,'fro')^2       % total variation of data\n",
        "\n",
        "[U,S,V] = svd(A,'econ');    % find singular value decomposition\n",
        "sigma = diag(S)             % singular values\n",
        "\n",
        "rho = norm(sigma)^2         % gives same variation as above"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "9TxOIHMezG1x",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "5778644b-33b9-4483-e367-69807cb841ca"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "array([[-0.52106591, -0.37741762,  0.71956635,  0.26128628],\n",
              "       [ 0.26934744, -0.92329566, -0.24438178, -0.12350962],\n",
              "       [-0.5804131 , -0.02449161, -0.14212637, -0.80144925],\n",
              "       [-0.56485654, -0.06694199, -0.63427274,  0.52359713]])"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 8
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "07WXhVpE7A1s"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "for ev in eig_vecs.T:\n",
        "    np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(1.0, np.linalg.norm(ev))\n",
        "print(\"Everithing is ok\")"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "dspYV2bBzOcx",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "2a721cc6-c207-4da7-f401-74a09e05bec4"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "Everithing is ok\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Make a list of (eigenvalue, eigenvector) tuples\n",
        "eig_pairs = [(np.abs(eig_vals[i]), eig_vecs[:,i]) for i in range(len(eig_vals))]\n",
        "\n",
        "# Sort the (eigenvalue, eigenvector) tuples from high to low\n",
        "eig_pairs.sort(key=lambda x: x[0], reverse=True)\n",
        "\n",
        "# Visually confirm that the list is correctly sorted by decreasing eigenvalues\n",
        "print('Eigenvalues in descending order:')\n",
        "for i in eig_pairs:\n",
        "    print(i[0])"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "fxl8K1fSzT6y",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "b665633f-c1bf-4880-b1fd-c76092e8d1e5"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "Eigenvalues in descending order:\n",
            "2.918497816531994\n",
            "0.9140304714680692\n",
            "0.14675687557131462\n",
            "0.02071483642861972\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "matrix_w = np.hstack((eig_pairs[0][1].reshape(4,1),\n",
        "                      eig_pairs[1][1].reshape(4,1)))\n",
        "\n",
        "print('Matrix W:\\n', matrix_w)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "9HlxMdIyzYyP",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "c0bfdeb0-bbf4-4446-b63d-8711f2792083"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "Matrix W:\n",
            " [[ 0.52106591 -0.37741762]\n",
            " [-0.26934744 -0.92329566]\n",
            " [ 0.5804131  -0.02449161]\n",
            " [ 0.56485654 -0.06694199]]\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "Y = X_std.dot(matrix_w)\n"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "esMQQgn_zjb7"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    }
  ]
}