Question about Visualization

Hello author, thank you for your excellent work. I would like to know how you drew the c and e subgraphs in the following picture? Is there any code that can be referenced?

<img width="1295" height="597" alt="Image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/8d34fb7c-2929-4de5-a63a-83aaafd41131" />