diff --git a/server/app/ml/pipeline.py b/server/app/ml/pipeline.py
index d4464eb..8dd9640 100644
--- a/server/app/ml/pipeline.py
+++ b/server/app/ml/pipeline.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 """ML pipeline orchestration functions."""
 
+import shutil
 import time
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@
     build_inference_command,
     build_polygonize_command,
 )
+from app.services.cache_service import check_s2_scene_exists, save_to_cache
 
 logger = get_logger(__name__)
 
@@ -25,17 +27,39 @@ async def download_images(
 ) -> dict[str, Any]:
     """Download satellite images using ftw tool. Handles both single and dual window."""
     download_start = time.time()
-    logger.info("Downloading images", context)
 
+    # Check cache first (only for dual window scenarios)
+    if win_b is not None:
+        cached, cached_path = await check_s2_scene_exists(win_a, win_b, bbox)
+
+        if cached and cached_path is not None:
+            logger.info("Using cached S2 scene", extra=context)
+            shutil.copy2(cached_path, image_file)
+            download_time = round((time.time() - download_start) * 1000, 2)
+            image_size_mb = round(image_file.stat().st_size / (1024 * 1024), 2)
+
+            return {
+                "download_time_ms": download_time,
+                "image_size_mb": image_size_mb,
+                "from_cache": True,
+            }
+
+    # Not cached or single window - download from S3
+    logger.info("Downloading images from S3", extra=context)
     cmd = build_download_command(image_file, win_a, win_b, bbox)
     await run_async(cmd)
 
     download_time = round((time.time() - download_start) * 1000, 2)
     image_size_mb = round(image_file.stat().st_size / (1024 * 1024), 2)
 
+    # Save to cache for next time (only for dual window scenarios)
+    if win_b is not None:
+        await save_to_cache(image_file, win_a, win_b, bbox)
+
     return {
         "download_time_ms": download_time,
         "image_size_mb": image_size_mb,
+        "from_cache": False,
     }
 
 
diff --git a/server/app/services/cache_service.py b/server/app/services/cache_service.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d86c60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/app/services/cache_service.py
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+"""S2 Scene caching service for improved performance."""
+
+import hashlib
+import shutil
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import aiofiles.os
+
+from app.core.config import get_settings
+from app.core.logging import get_logger
+
+logger = get_logger(__name__)
+
+
+def extract_year_from_window(win_a: str) -> str:
+    """Extract year from window string for partitioning."""
+    try:
+        first_date = win_a.split("_")[0]
+        year = first_date.split("-")[0]
+        # Validate it's actually a year (4 digits)
+        if len(year) == 4 and year.isdigit():
+            return year
+        logger.warning(
+            f"Could not extract valid year from win_a: {win_a}, using 'unknown'"
+        )
+        return "unknown"
+    except (IndexError, AttributeError):
+        logger.warning(f"Could not extract year from win_a: {win_a}, using 'unknown'")
+        return "unknown"
+
+
+def generate_scene_id(win_a: str, win_b: str, bbox: list[float]) -> str:
+    """Generate unique scene ID from parameters."""
+    scene_params = f"{win_a}|{win_b}|{','.join(map(str, bbox))}"
+    scene_hash = hashlib.sha256(scene_params.encode()).hexdigest()[:12]
+    year = extract_year_from_window(win_a)
+    return f"{year}_{scene_hash}"
+
+
+def get_cache_dir() -> Path:
+    """Get the cache directory path from settings."""
+    settings = get_settings()
+    cache_dir = Path(settings.storage.output_dir).parent / "cache" / "scenes"
+    return cache_dir
+
+
+def get_scene_cache_path(win_a: str, win_b: str, bbox: list[float]) -> Path:
+    """Get the full cache path for a scene, organized by year."""
+    cache_dir = get_cache_dir()
+    year = extract_year_from_window(win_a)
+    scene_id = generate_scene_id(win_a, win_b, bbox)
+    year_dir = cache_dir / year
+    cache_path = year_dir / f"scene_{scene_id}.tif"
+    return cache_path
+
+
+async def check_s2_scene_exists(
+    win_a: str,
+    win_b: str,
+    bbox: list[float],
+) -> tuple[bool, Path | None]:
+    """Check if S2 scene is already cached locally."""
+    cache_path = get_scene_cache_path(win_a, win_b, bbox)
+
+    if await aiofiles.os.path.exists(cache_path):
+        logger.info(f"Cache HIT: Found cached scene at {cache_path}")
+        return True, cache_path
+
+    logger.info(f"Cache MISS: Scene not cached (would be at {cache_path})")
+    return False, None
+
+
+async def save_to_cache(
+    image_file: Path,
+    win_a: str,
+    win_b: str,
+    bbox: list[float],
+) -> None:
+    """Save downloaded image to cache for future use."""
+    cache_path = get_scene_cache_path(win_a, win_b, bbox)
+    cache_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    try:
+        shutil.copy2(image_file, cache_path)
+        size_mb = cache_path.stat().st_size / (1024 * 1024)
+        logger.info(
+            f"Saved scene to cache: {cache_path} ({size_mb:.2f} MB)",
+            extra={"cache_size_mb": size_mb, "cache_path": str(cache_path)},
+        )
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Failed to save scene to cache: {e}", exc_info=True)
diff --git a/server/tests/test_cache_integration.py b/server/tests/test_cache_integration.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e6e4b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/tests/test_cache_integration.py
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+"""Integration tests for S2 scene caching."""
+
+import tempfile
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+from app.services.cache_service import (
+    check_s2_scene_exists,
+    save_to_cache,
+)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def temp_cache_dir(monkeypatch):
+    """Create a temporary cache directory for testing."""
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+        # Mock get_cache_dir to use our temp directory
+        temp_path = Path(tmpdir) / "cache" / "scenes"
+        monkeypatch.setattr(
+            "app.services.cache_service.get_cache_dir", lambda: temp_path
+        )
+        yield temp_path
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def sample_image_file():
+    """Create a sample image file for testing."""
+    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".tif", delete=False) as f:
+        f.write(b"fake image data for testing")
+        temp_path = Path(f.name)
+    yield temp_path
+    # Cleanup
+    if temp_path.exists():
+        temp_path.unlink()
+
+
+class TestCacheIntegration:
+    """Integration tests for cache functionality."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_cache_miss_then_hit(self, temp_cache_dir, sample_image_file):
+        """Test that cache miss works, then cache hit after saving."""
+        win_a = "2023-01-01_2023-03-31"
+        win_b = "2023-04-01_2023-06-30"
+        bbox = [10.0, 20.0, 10.5, 20.5]
+
+        # First check - should be a cache MISS
+        exists, path = await check_s2_scene_exists(win_a, win_b, bbox)
+        assert exists is False
+        assert path is None
+
+        # Save to cache
+        await save_to_cache(sample_image_file, win_a, win_b, bbox)
+
+        # Second check - should be a cache HIT
+        exists, path = await check_s2_scene_exists(win_a, win_b, bbox)
+        assert exists is True
+        assert path is not None
+        assert path.exists()
+        assert path.suffix == ".tif"
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_cache_organizes_by_year(self, temp_cache_dir, sample_image_file):
+        """Test that cache files are organized in year directories."""
+        win_a = "2023-01-01_2023-03-31"
+        win_b = "2023-04-01_2023-06-30"
+        bbox = [10.0, 20.0, 10.5, 20.5]
+
+        await save_to_cache(sample_image_file, win_a, win_b, bbox)
+
+        # Check that year directory was created
+        year_dir = temp_cache_dir / "2023"
+        assert year_dir.exists()
+        assert year_dir.is_dir()
+
+        # Check that file is in the year directory
+        cached_files = list(year_dir.glob("scene_*.tif"))
+        assert len(cached_files) == 1
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_multiple_scenes_cached(self, temp_cache_dir, sample_image_file):
+        """Test that multiple different scenes can be cached."""
+        scenes = [
+            (
+                "2023-01-01_2023-03-31",
+                "2023-04-01_2023-06-30",
+                [10.0, 20.0, 10.5, 20.5],
+            ),
+            (
+                "2023-07-01_2023-09-30",
+                "2023-10-01_2023-12-31",
+                [11.0, 21.0, 11.5, 21.5],
+            ),
+            (
+                "2024-01-01_2024-03-31",
+                "2024-04-01_2024-06-30",
+                [12.0, 22.0, 12.5, 22.5],
+            ),
+        ]
+
+        # Cache all scenes
+        for win_a, win_b, bbox in scenes:
+            await save_to_cache(sample_image_file, win_a, win_b, bbox)
+
+        # Verify all can be found
+        for win_a, win_b, bbox in scenes:
+            exists, path = await check_s2_scene_exists(win_a, win_b, bbox)
+            assert exists is True
+            assert path is not None
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_cached_file_content_preserved(
+        self, temp_cache_dir, sample_image_file
+    ):
+        """Test that cached file content is preserved correctly."""
+        win_a = "2023-01-01_2023-03-31"
+        win_b = "2023-04-01_2023-06-30"
+        bbox = [10.0, 20.0, 10.5, 20.5]
+
+        # Read original content
+        with open(sample_image_file, "rb") as f:
+            original_content = f.read()
+
+        # Save to cache
+        await save_to_cache(sample_image_file, win_a, win_b, bbox)
+
+        # Get cached file
+        exists, cached_path = await check_s2_scene_exists(win_a, win_b, bbox)
+        assert exists is True
+
+        # Verify content matches
+        with open(cached_path, "rb") as f:
+            cached_content = f.read()
+
+        assert cached_content == original_content
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_different_bbox_different_cache(
+        self, temp_cache_dir, sample_image_file
+    ):
+        """Test that different bboxes create different cache entries."""
+        win_a = "2023-01-01_2023-03-31"
+        win_b = "2023-04-01_2023-06-30"
+        bbox1 = [10.0, 20.0, 10.5, 20.5]
+        bbox2 = [10.0, 20.0, 10.6, 20.6]  # Slightly different
+
+        # Cache first bbox
+        await save_to_cache(sample_image_file, win_a, win_b, bbox1)
+
+        # First bbox should hit
+        exists1, _ = await check_s2_scene_exists(win_a, win_b, bbox1)
+        assert exists1 is True
+
+        # Second bbox should miss
+        exists2, _ = await check_s2_scene_exists(win_a, win_b, bbox2)
+        assert exists2 is False
diff --git a/server/tests/test_cache_service.py b/server/tests/test_cache_service.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..305171e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/tests/test_cache_service.py
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+"""Tests for cache service functionality."""
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from app.services.cache_service import (
+    extract_year_from_window,
+    generate_scene_id,
+    get_scene_cache_path,
+)
+
+
+class TestCacheService:
+    """Test cache service functions."""
+
+    def test_extract_year_from_window(self):
+        """Test year extraction from window string."""
+        assert extract_year_from_window("2023-01-01_2023-03-31") == "2023"
+        assert extract_year_from_window("2024-06-01_2024-08-31") == "2024"
+        assert extract_year_from_window("2022-12-01_2023-02-28") == "2022"
+
+    def test_extract_year_from_invalid_window(self):
+        """Test year extraction with invalid input."""
+        assert extract_year_from_window("invalid") == "unknown"
+        assert extract_year_from_window("") == "unknown"
+
+    def test_generate_scene_id(self):
+        """Test scene ID generation."""
+        win_a = "2023-01-01_2023-03-31"
+        win_b = "2023-04-01_2023-06-30"
+        bbox = [10.0, 20.0, 10.5, 20.5]
+
+        scene_id = generate_scene_id(win_a, win_b, bbox)
+
+        # Should start with year
+        assert scene_id.startswith("2023_")
+        # Should have a hash component
+        assert len(scene_id) > 5
+
+    def test_generate_scene_id_deterministic(self):
+        """Test that same inputs generate same scene ID."""
+        win_a = "2023-01-01_2023-03-31"
+        win_b = "2023-04-01_2023-06-30"
+        bbox = [10.0, 20.0, 10.5, 20.5]
+
+        scene_id1 = generate_scene_id(win_a, win_b, bbox)
+        scene_id2 = generate_scene_id(win_a, win_b, bbox)
+
+        assert scene_id1 == scene_id2
+
+    def test_generate_scene_id_different_inputs(self):
+        """Test that different inputs generate different scene IDs."""
+        win_a = "2023-01-01_2023-03-31"
+        win_b1 = "2023-04-01_2023-06-30"
+        win_b2 = "2023-07-01_2023-09-30"
+        bbox = [10.0, 20.0, 10.5, 20.5]
+
+        scene_id1 = generate_scene_id(win_a, win_b1, bbox)
+        scene_id2 = generate_scene_id(win_a, win_b2, bbox)
+
+        assert scene_id1 != scene_id2
+
+    def test_get_scene_cache_path(self):
+        """Test cache path generation."""
+        win_a = "2023-01-01_2023-03-31"
+        win_b = "2023-04-01_2023-06-30"
+        bbox = [10.0, 20.0, 10.5, 20.5]
+
+        cache_path = get_scene_cache_path(win_a, win_b, bbox)
+
+        # Should be a Path object
+        assert isinstance(cache_path, Path)
+        # Should contain year directory
+        assert "2023" in str(cache_path)
+        # Should be a .tif file
+        assert cache_path.suffix == ".tif"
+        # Should contain "scene_" prefix
+        assert "scene_" in cache_path.name