Merge pull request #14334 from johodges/tilted_wall_inputs

Add tilted wall heat flux data to validation guide

Author: rmcdermo

Manuals/FDS_Validation_Guide/Experiment_Chapter.tex

@@ -1088,12 +1088,12 @@ \section{Lattimer Corridor Ceiling}
 
 Lattimer et al. studied the thermal environment created by a fire impinging on a ceiling at the end of a corridor in~\cite{Lattimer:FTJ:2013}. The apparatus, shown in Figure~\ref{fig:lattimer}, consisted of a 2.4~m long 1.2~m wide corridor with a ceiling height of 2.1~m from the floor. The back wall and back 1.2~m of the side walls extended 1.2~m below the ceiling. The remaining 1.2~m of the side walls were extended 0.6~m below the ceiling. The overall apparatus was elevated 0.9~m off of the floor to allow air to flow into the bottom of the corridor from all sides. A 0.46~m deep by 1.15~m wide propane sand burner was centered on the back wall with the top surface located either 0.6~m or 1.1~m from the ceiling. Each separation distance was tested at four heat release rates ranging from 100-400~kW.
 
-The authors measured the water cooled gauge heat flux and gas temperature at four locations along the ceiling. The distances from the back wall were 0.3~m, 0.9~m, 1.5~m, and 2.1~m. Table~\ref{Lattimer_Exp} summarizes the test conditions and measurements from this test series. 
+The authors measured the water cooled gauge heat flux and gas temperature at four locations along the ceiling. The distances from the back wall were 0.3~m, 0.9~m, 1.5~m, and 2.1~m. Table~\ref{tab:lattimer_ceiling_exp} summarizes the test conditions and measurements from this test series. 
 
 \begin{table*}[!ht]
 \centering
 \caption[Lattimer Fire Impinging Ceiling Experiments]{Lattimer fire impinging on a corridor ceiling experiments.}
-\label{Lattimer_Exp}
+\label{tab:lattimer_ceiling_exp}
 \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
 \hline
 Test & HRR     & $H$ & \multicolumn{4}{c|}{$\dot{q}''_{\rm gauge}$ (kW/m$^2$)} & \multicolumn{4}{c|}{$T_{\rm gas}$ (\degC)} \\ \cline{4-11}
@@ -1126,12 +1126,12 @@ \subsubsection{Modeling Notes}
 \section{Lattimer Tilted Wall}
 \label{Lattimer_Tilted_Wall_Description}
 
-Lattimer measured the heat flux and gas temperatures from a propane fire against to a tilted wall. The experiments were sponsored by Fire Science Solutions, LLC, and were conducted at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, Virginia. The wall was 1.5~m high and 0.60~m wide, with the sand burner centered on the wall. All experiments used a square sand burner with a side length of 0.30~m. The fires ranged in size from 20~kW to 75~kW. Heat fluxes and gas temperatures were measured every 0.15~m along the vertical centerline of the wall. The wall was tilted through a linear actuator attached to the back of the mounting frame. The majority of tests moved the wall during exposure to evaluate the impacts on flame separation. A photograph of the apparatus is provided in Figure~\ref{Lattimer_Tilted_Wall_fig}. A summary of the experiments conducted in this study is provided in Table~\ref{Lattimer_Tilted_Wall_tab}.
+Lattimer measured the heat flux and gas temperatures from a propane fire against to a tilted wall. The experiments were sponsored by Fire Science Solutions, LLC, and were conducted at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, Virginia. The wall was 1.5~m high and 0.60~m wide, with the sand burner centered on the wall. All experiments used a square sand burner with a side length of 0.30~m. The fires ranged in size from 20~kW to 75~kW. Heat fluxes and gas temperatures were measured every 0.15~m along the vertical centerline of the wall. The wall was tilted through a linear actuator attached to the back of the mounting frame. The majority of tests moved the wall during exposure to evaluate the impacts on flame separation. A photograph of the apparatus is provided in Figure~\ref{Lattimer_Tilted_Wall_fig}. A summary of the experiments conducted in this study is provided in Table~\ref{tab:lattimer_tilted_wall_exp}.
 
 \begin{table}[!ht]
 \centering
-\caption[Summary of JH/FRA Rail Car Experiments]{Summary of Lattimer Tilted Wall Experiments.}
-\label{Lattimer_Tilted_Wall_tab}
+\caption[Summary of Lattimer Tilted Wall Experiments]{Summary of Lattimer Tilted Wall Experiments.}
+\label{tab:lattimer_tilted_wall_exp}
 \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
 \hline
 Test & HRR  & Angles    & Delay Before & Movement Time      & Delay at         & Test Duration \\
@@ -1153,7 +1153,7 @@ \section{Lattimer Tilted Wall}
 
 \subsubsection{Modeling Notes}
 
-Test~4 has been simulated at each individual tilt angle because the wall was held at each angle for approximately 5~min. Each of these tilt angles are simulated neglecting the time history before arriving at the angle. The other cases are simulated at the start and end angles since the wall was held at that point for at least 30~s.
+Test~4 has been simulated at each individual tilt angle because the wall was held at each angle for approximately 5~min. Each of these tilt angles are simulated neglecting the time history before arriving at the angle. The other cases are simulated at the start and end angles since the wall was held at that point for at least 30~s. Note that the gauge heat fluxes in this case are based on adiabatic surface temperature measurements corrected to a reference temperature of 20~\degC~and a heat transfer coefficient of 15~W/m$^{2}$K.
 
 
 \section{LEMTA Spray Test for Radiation Attenuation}

Manuals/FDS_Validation_Guide/Heat_Flux_Chapter.tex

@@ -176,6 +176,38 @@ \subsection{Lattimer Corridor Ceiling}
 
 \clearpage
 
+\subsection{Lattimer Tilted Wall}
+
+Figure~\ref{Lattimer_Tilted_Wall_Heat_Flux1}-\ref{Lattimer_Tilted_Wall_Heat_Flux2} display the predicted vertical profile of heat flux to the tilted wall above a propane fire, compared to the measured values.
+
+\begin{figure}[p]
+\begin{tabular*}{\textwidth}{l@{\extracolsep{\fill}}r}
+\includegraphics[height=2.15in]{SCRIPT_FIGURES/Lattimer_Tilted_Wall/lattimer_tilt_50kW_00} &
+\includegraphics[height=2.15in]{SCRIPT_FIGURES/Lattimer_Tilted_Wall/lattimer_tilt_50kW_11} \\
+\includegraphics[height=2.15in]{SCRIPT_FIGURES/Lattimer_Tilted_Wall/lattimer_tilt_50kW_23} &
+\includegraphics[height=2.15in]{SCRIPT_FIGURES/Lattimer_Tilted_Wall/lattimer_tilt_50kW_35} \\
+\includegraphics[height=2.15in]{SCRIPT_FIGURES/Lattimer_Tilted_Wall/lattimer_tilt_50kW_49} &
+\includegraphics[height=2.15in]{SCRIPT_FIGURES/Lattimer_Tilted_Wall/lattimer_tilt_50kW_67}
+\end{tabular*}
+\caption[Lattimer Tilted Wall, heat flux to the wall]{Lattimer Tilted Wall, predicted vertical heat flux profile compared to the measured values.}
+\label{Lattimer_Tilted_Wall_Heat_Flux1}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[p]
+\begin{tabular*}{\textwidth}{l@{\extracolsep{\fill}}r}
+\includegraphics[height=2.15in]{SCRIPT_FIGURES/Lattimer_Tilted_Wall/lattimer_tilt_35kW_00} &
+\includegraphics[height=2.15in]{SCRIPT_FIGURES/Lattimer_Tilted_Wall/lattimer_tilt_35kW_67} \\
+\includegraphics[height=2.15in]{SCRIPT_FIGURES/Lattimer_Tilted_Wall/lattimer_tilt_50kW_00} &
+\includegraphics[height=2.15in]{SCRIPT_FIGURES/Lattimer_Tilted_Wall/lattimer_tilt_50kW_67} \\
+\includegraphics[height=2.15in]{SCRIPT_FIGURES/Lattimer_Tilted_Wall/lattimer_tilt_75kW_00} &
+\includegraphics[height=2.15in]{SCRIPT_FIGURES/Lattimer_Tilted_Wall/lattimer_tilt_75kW_67}
+\end{tabular*}
+\caption[Lattimer Tilted Wall, heat flux to the wall]{Lattimer Tilted Wall, predicted vertical heat flux profile compared to the measured values.}
+\label{Lattimer_Tilted_Wall_Heat_Flux2}
+\end{figure}
+
+\clearpage
+
 \subsection{NIST E119 Compartment}
 
 Heat flux gauges (Gardon, Model 64-20-18) were placed at three locations in the compartment, in water-cooled steel pipes of 25~mm inside diameter. Results are shown in Fig.~\ref{NIST_E119_Compartment_Wall_Flux}. Gauge locations are shown in Fig.~\ref{NIST_E119_Compartment_Drawing_1}.