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The use of a {\em dynamic pressure} boundary affects the FDS algorithm as follows. At \ct{OPEN} boundaries, the hydrodynamic pressure (head) $\cH$ is specified as
where $\rho_\infty$ is the ambient density and $\mathbf{u}$ is the most recent value of the velocity on the boundary.
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The \ct{PRESSURE_RAMP} allows for alteration of the pressure as a function of time. Note that you do not
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need to ramp the pressure up or down starting at zero, like you do for various other ramps.
@@ -7742,11 +7742,11 @@ \section{Level Set Model for Wildland Fire Spread}
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\end{sidewaystable}
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\subsection{Custom Wind Speed Function}
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The default Rothermel-Albini formulation~\cite{Rothermel:1972,Albini:1976} represents the influence of wind on the head fire spread rate as
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The default Rothermel-Albini formulation~\cite{Rothermel:1972,Albini:1976} represents the influence of wind on the head fire spread rate as
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\be
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R = R_{\rm 0} \, (1+\phi_{\rm W})
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\ee
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where the no-wind, no-slope spread rate, $R_{\rm 0}$, is increased by a factor $\phi_W$, which is a function of the wind speed. In the default model the wind speed is taken as the value at mid-flame height, $U_{\rm mf}$.
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where the no-wind, no-slope spread rate, $R_{\rm 0}$, is increased by a factor $\phi_W$, which is a function of the wind speed. In the default model the wind speed is taken as the value at mid-flame height, $U_{\rm mf}$.
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This introduces two complications. The first is determining the functional form of $\phi_W$. The default formulation is an empirical function which depends on fuel bed properties. However, this has not been rigorously validated for all possible fuel configurations - the original fit was determined with just three fuel bed types~\cite{Rothermel:1972}. In addition, the relationship assumes a reference wind which is unaffected by the fire, which can be contradictory to the approach of \ct{LEVEL_SET_MODE=4}. Therefore, it may be preferable to specify a custom function $\phi_W$ to better match observational data for a given fuel type. This can be done by specifying a \ct{RAMP} using \ct{VEG_LSET_WIND_RAMP}:
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