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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Cookbook | Flutter</title>
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</ul>
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<a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-9-4" href="ui/layout/scrolling.html" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-9-4">Scrolling
</a>
<ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse " id="header-sidenav-9-4">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="ui/layout/scrolling.html">Overview</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="ui/layout/scrolling/slivers.html">Use slivers to achieve fancy scrolling</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/lists/floating-app-bar.html">Place a floating app bar above a list</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/effects/parallax-scrolling.html">Create a scrolling parallax effect</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li><li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-9-5" href="ui/layout/responsive/adaptive-responsive.html" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-9-5">Adaptive design
</a>
<ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse " id="header-sidenav-9-5">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="ui/layout/responsive/adaptive-responsive.html">Adaptive and responsive app design</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="ui/layout/responsive/building-adaptive-apps.html">Build an adaptive app</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/design/orientation.html">Update app UI based on orientation</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li><li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-10" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-10">Design & theming</a>
<ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse " id="header-sidenav-10">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/design/themes.html">Share styles with themes</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="ui/design/material.html">Material design</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="release/breaking-changes/material-3-migration.html">Migrate to Material 3</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-10-4" href="ui/design/text.html" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-10-4">Text
</a>
<ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse " id="header-sidenav-10-4">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="ui/design/text/typography.html">Fonts & typography</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/design/fonts.html">Use a custom font</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/design/package-fonts.html">Export fonts from a package</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="https://pub.dev/packages/google_fonts" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Google Fonts package</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li><li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-10-5" href="ui/design/graphics.html" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-10-5">Custom graphics
</a>
<ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse " id="header-sidenav-10-5">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="ui/design/graphics/fragment-shaders.html">Use custom fragment shaders</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li><li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-11" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-11">Interactivity</a>
<ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse " id="header-sidenav-11">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="ui/interactivity.html">Add interactivity to your app</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-11-2" href="ui/interactivity/gestures.html" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-11-2">Gestures
</a>
<ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse " id="header-sidenav-11-2">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="ui/interactivity/gestures.html">Introduction</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/gestures/handling-taps.html">Handle taps</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="ui/interactivity/gestures/drag-outside.html">Drag an object outside an app</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/effects/drag-a-widget.html">Drag a UI element within an app</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/gestures/ripples.html">Add Material touch ripples</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/gestures/dismissible.html">Implement swipe to dismiss</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li><li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-11-3" href="ui/interactivity/input.html" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-11-3">Input & forms
</a>
<ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse " id="header-sidenav-11-3">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/forms/text-input.html">Create and style a text field</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/forms/retrieve-input.html">Retrieve the value of a text field</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/forms/text-field-changes.html">Handle changes to a text field</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/forms/focus.html">Manage focus in text fields</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/forms/validation.html">Build a form with validation</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li><li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/design/snackbars.html">Display a snackbar</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="ui/interactivity/actions-and-shortcuts.html">Implement actions & shortcuts</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="ui/interactivity/focus.html">Manage keyboard focus</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li><li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-12" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-12">Assets & media</a>
<ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse " id="header-sidenav-12">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="ui/assets/assets-and-images.html">Add assets and images</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/images/network-image.html">Display images from the internet</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/images/fading-in-images.html">Fade in images with a placeholder</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/plugins/play-video.html">Play and pause a video</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li><li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-13" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-13">Navigation & routing</a>
<ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse " id="header-sidenav-13">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="ui/navigation.html">Overview</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/design/tabs.html">Add tabs to your app</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/navigation/navigation-basics.html">Navigate to a new screen and back</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/navigation/passing-data.html">Send data to a new screen</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/navigation/returning-data.html">Return data from a screen</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/design/drawer.html">Add a drawer to a screen</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="ui/navigation/deep-linking.html">Setup deep linking</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/navigation/set-up-app-links.html">Setup app links for Android</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/navigation/set-up-universal-links.html">Setup universal links for iOS</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="ui/navigation/url-strategies.html">Configure web URL strategies</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li><li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-14" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-14">Animations & transitions</a>
<ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse " id="header-sidenav-14">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="ui/animations.html">Introduction</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="ui/animations/tutorial.html">Tutorial</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="ui/animations/implicit-animations.html">Implicit animations</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/animation/animated-container.html">Animate the properties of a container</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/animation/opacity-animation.html">Fade a widget in and out</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="ui/animations/hero-animations.html">Hero animations</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/animation/page-route-animation.html">Animate a page route transition</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/animation/physics-simulation.html">Animate using a physic simulation</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="ui/animations/staggered-animations.html">Staggered animations</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/effects/staggered-menu-animation.html">Create a staggered menu animation</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="ui/animations/overview.html">API overview</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li><li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-15" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-15">Accessibility & internationalization</a>
<ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse " id="header-sidenav-15">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="ui/accessibility-and-internationalization/accessibility.html">Accessibility</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="ui/accessibility-and-internationalization/internationalization.html">Internationalization</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li><li aria-hidden="true"><div class="sidebar-primary-divider"></div></li>
<li class="nav-header">Beyond UI</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-18" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-18">Data & backend</a>
<ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse " id="header-sidenav-18">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-18-1" href="data-and-backend/state-mgmt.html" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-18-1">State management
</a>
<ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse " id="header-sidenav-18-1">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="data-and-backend/state-mgmt/intro.html">Introduction</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="data-and-backend/state-mgmt/declarative.html">Think declaratively</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="data-and-backend/state-mgmt/ephemeral-vs-app.html">Ephemeral vs app state</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="data-and-backend/state-mgmt/simple.html">Simple app state management</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="data-and-backend/state-mgmt/options.html">Options</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li><li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-18-2" href="data-and-backend/networking.html" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-18-2">Networking & http
</a>
<ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse " id="header-sidenav-18-2">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="data-and-backend/networking.html">Overview</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/networking/fetch-data.html">Fetch data from the internet</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/networking/authenticated-requests.html">Make authenticated requests</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/networking/send-data.html">Send data to the internet</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/networking/update-data.html">Update data over the internet</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/networking/delete-data.html">Delete data on the internet</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/networking/web-sockets.html">Communicate with WebSockets</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li><li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-18-3" href="data-and-backend/serialization.html" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-18-3">Serialization
</a>
<ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse " id="header-sidenav-18-3">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="data-and-backend/serialization/json.html">JSON serialization</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/networking/background-parsing.html">Parse JSON in the background</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li><li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-18-4" href="data-and-backend/persistence.html" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-18-4">Persistence
</a>
<ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse " id="header-sidenav-18-4">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/persistence/key-value.html">Store key-value data on disk</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/persistence/reading-writing-files.html">Read and write files</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="cookbook/persistence/sqlite.html">Persist data with SQLite</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li><li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="data-and-backend/firebase.html">Firebase</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="data-and-backend/google-apis.html">Google APIs</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li><li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-19" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-19">Platform integration</a>
<ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse " id="header-sidenav-19">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="reference/supported-platforms.html">Supported platforms</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="platform-integration/desktop.html">Build desktop apps with Flutter</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="platform-integration/platform-channels.html">Write platform-specific code</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="platform-integration/platform-adaptations.html">Automatic platform adaptations</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-19-5" href="platform-integration/android.html" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-19-5">Android
</a>
<ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse " id="header-sidenav-19-5">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="platform-integration/android/install-android.html">Add Android as build target</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="platform-integration/android/splash-screen.html">Add a splash screen</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="platform-integration/android/c-interop.html">Bind to native code</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="platform-integration/android/platform-views.html">Host a native Android view</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="platform-integration/android/restore-state-android.html">Restore state on Android</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="platform-integration/android/chromeos.html">Target ChromeOS with Android</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li><li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-19-6" href="platform-integration/ios.html" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-19-6">iOS
</a>
<ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse " id="header-sidenav-19-6">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="platform-integration/ios/install-ios.html">Add iOS as build target</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="platform-integration/ios/apple-frameworks.html">Leverage Apple's system libraries</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="platform-integration/ios/launch-screen.html">Add a launch screen</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="platform-integration/ios/ios-app-clip.html">Add iOS App Clip support</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="platform-integration/ios/app-extensions.html">Add iOS app extensions</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="platform-integration/ios/c-interop.html">Bind to native code</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="platform-integration/ios/platform-views.html">Host a native iOS view</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="platform-integration/ios/ios-debugging.html">Enable debugging on iOS</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="platform-integration/ios/restore-state-ios.html">Restore state on iOS</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li><li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-19-7" href="platform-integration/linux.html" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-19-7">Linux
</a>
<ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse " id="header-sidenav-19-7">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="platform-integration/linux/building.html">Build a Linux app</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li><li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-19-8" href="platform-integration/macos.html" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-19-8">macOS
</a>
<ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse " id="header-sidenav-19-8">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="platform-integration/macos/install-macos.html">Add macOS as build target</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="platform-integration/macos/building.html">Build a macOS app</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="platform-integration/macos/c-interop.html">C interop</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li><li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-19-9" href="platform-integration/web.html" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-19-9">Web
</a>
<ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse " id="header-sidenav-19-9">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="platform-integration/web/install-web.html">Add web as build target</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="platform-integration/web/building.html">Build a web app</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="platform-integration/web/faq.html">Web FAQ</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="platform-integration/web/renderers.html">Web renderers</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="platform-integration/web/initialization.html">Custom app initialization</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="platform-integration/web/web-images.html">Displaying images on the web</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li><li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-19-10" href="platform-integration/windows.html" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-19-10">Windows
</a>
<ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse " id="header-sidenav-19-10">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="platform-integration/windows/install-windows.html">Add Windows as build target</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="platform-integration/windows/building.html">Build a Windows app</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li><li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-20" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-20">Packages & plugins</a>
<ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse " id="header-sidenav-20">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="packages-and-plugins/using-packages.html">Use packages & plugins</a>
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<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="packages-and-plugins/developing-packages.html">Develop packages & plugins</a>
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<div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="packages-and-plugins/favorites.html">Flutter Favorites</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="https://pub.dev/flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Package repository</a>
</li>
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