Ralph CLI Options Reference

Complete reference for all ralph command-line flags and .ralphrc configuration patterns.

Quick start: Run ralph --help for a summary. This document covers every flag in depth with examples and common .ralphrc patterns.

Core Flags

`-h, --help`

Show the help message and exit.

ralph --help

`-c, --calls NUM`

Maximum API calls per hour before rate-limiting kicks in.

Default	`.ralphrc` key
`100`	`MAX_CALLS_PER_HOUR`

ralph --calls 50          # Conservative — slow, careful projects
ralph --calls 200         # Aggressive — large task backlog

Tip: Set this low during initial project setup to avoid runaway loops while your .ralph/PROMPT.md is still being tuned.

`-p, --prompt FILE`

Path to the prompt file that drives each loop iteration.

Default	`.ralphrc` key
`.ralph/PROMPT.md`	`PROMPT_FILE`

ralph --prompt .ralph/PROMPT_experimental.md

`-s, --status`

Print the current loop status from .ralph/status.json and exit. Does not start a loop.

ralph --status

`-m, --monitor`

Launch an integrated tmux session with the loop in the left pane and the live monitor dashboard in the right pane. Requires tmux.

ralph --monitor
ralph --monitor --calls 50 --prompt my_prompt.md

Recommended for interactive use. Gives a real-time view of loop progress, circuit breaker state, and API call counts without a separate terminal.

`-v, --verbose`

Show detailed progress updates during execution (logged to stdout and the log file).

ralph --verbose
ralph --live --verbose    # Live streaming + verbose logging

`-l, --live`

Stream Claude Code output in real time to the terminal. Automatically switches --output-format to json if it was set to text.

ralph --live
ralph --live --timeout 30

Note: Live mode pipes output through a streaming pipeline. The output is verbose — consider --monitor for a cleaner view during long runs.

`-t, --timeout MIN`

Maximum time (in minutes) to allow a single Claude Code invocation to run before it is terminated with exit code 124.

Default	`.ralphrc` key
`15`	`CLAUDE_TIMEOUT_MINUTES`

ralph --timeout 5     # Fast tasks / tight feedback loop
ralph --timeout 60    # Long refactors or large codebases

When a timeout occurs, Ralph checks git for changes made during the run:

Files changed → productive timeout: analysis runs, loop continues
No files changed → idle timeout: counted as a failed iteration

Circuit Breaker Flags

`--reset-circuit`

Reset the circuit breaker to CLOSED (normal) state and exit. Use after resolving the underlying issue that tripped the breaker.

ralph --reset-circuit

`--circuit-status`

Print the current circuit breaker state (CLOSED, HALF_OPEN, or OPEN) and exit.

ralph --circuit-status

`--auto-reset-circuit`

Reset the circuit breaker to CLOSED on startup, bypassing the cooldown timer. Applied to a single run only; does not persist.

`.ralphrc` key	Default
`CB_AUTO_RESET`	`false`

ralph --auto-reset-circuit    # One-off reset + run

When to use: Fully unattended deployments (CI, cron jobs) where a human won't be around to run --reset-circuit manually. For interactive use, prefer --reset-circuit so you can inspect the cause first.

`--reset-session`

Clear the saved Claude session ID and exit. Forces the next loop to start a fresh conversation without prior context.

ralph --reset-session

Use when a session has drifted or Claude is stuck in an unproductive pattern. Session state lives in .ralph/.claude_session_id.

`--dry-run`

Simulate loop execution without making actual Claude API calls. Ralph runs the full loop scaffolding (rate-limit checks, exit detection, integrity validation) but skips the Claude invocation and does not increment the API call counter.

Default	Environment variable
`false`	`DRY_RUN`

ralph --dry-run               # Verify configuration before burning API calls
ralph --dry-run --verbose     # Watch what each loop iteration would do

Useful for validating a new .ralphrc or prompt setup, and for demos.

`-n, --notify`

Enable desktop notifications for key loop events (loop completion, errors, circuit breaker trips, API limits, project completion). Cross-platform: osascript on macOS, notify-send on Linux, terminal bell fallback.

Default	`.ralphrc` key
`false`	`ENABLE_NOTIFICATIONS`

ralph --notify --monitor      # Get pinged when the loop needs attention

`-b, --backup`

Create an automatic git backup branch before each loop iteration, named ralph-backup-loop-{N}-{timestamp}. Commits the current state with --allow-empty so a restore point exists even with no staged changes. Requires the project to be a git repository (no-op otherwise).

Default	`.ralphrc` key
`false`	`ENABLE_BACKUP`

ralph --backup                # Snapshot before every loop

`--rollback [BRANCH]`

Roll back to a backup branch created by --backup. With no argument, lists available ralph-backup-loop-* branches (newest first) and exits; with a branch name, checks it out.

ralph --rollback                                   # List available backups
ralph --rollback ralph-backup-loop-3-1775155286    # Restore a specific backup

`--show-tool-args`

Show tool arguments (commands, file paths, search patterns) in live streaming output. Off by default so raw commands and paths aren't logged.

Default	`.ralphrc` key
`false`	`LIVE_SHOW_TOOL_ARGS`

ralph --live --show-tool-args    # Full visibility into each tool call

Only meaningful together with -l, --live.

Modern CLI Flags

`--output-format FORMAT`

Set the output format for Claude Code responses.

Value	Behaviour
`json` (default)	Structured JSON — enables session continuity, exit signal detection, and token counting
`text`	Legacy plain text — heuristic-only exit detection, higher false-positive rate

Default	`.ralphrc` key
`json`	`CLAUDE_OUTPUT_FORMAT`

ralph --output-format json    # Default; recommended
ralph --output-format text    # Legacy fallback

JSON mode is strongly preferred. In text mode, heuristic exit detection requires confidence_score >= 70 AND has_completion_signal=true to prevent false-positive exits from documentation keywords. In JSON mode, heuristics are suppressed entirely — only an explicit EXIT_SIGNAL: true in a RALPH_STATUS block can trigger exit.

`--allowed-tools TOOLS`

Comma-separated list of tools Claude is permitted to use. Overrides the .ralphrc default for this run.

Default	`.ralphrc` key
See below	`ALLOWED_TOOLS`

Default value:

Write,Read,Edit,Bash(git add *),Bash(git commit *),Bash(git diff *),Bash(git log *),
Bash(git status),Bash(git status *),Bash(git push *),Bash(git pull *),Bash(git fetch *),
Bash(git checkout *),Bash(git branch *),Bash(git stash *),Bash(git merge *),Bash(git tag *),
Bash(npm *),Bash(pytest)

# Restrict to read-only for an audit run
ralph --allowed-tools "Read,Grep,Glob"

# Allow all git commands (less safe — includes git clean, git rm)
ralph --allowed-tools "Write,Read,Edit,Bash(git *),Bash(npm *)"

Why specific git subcommands? The default intentionally omits Bash(git *) to prevent git clean, git rm, and git reset, which could delete .ralph/ configuration files. See File Protection.

Debugging denied commands. If a command is denied even though your ALLOWED_TOOLS looks correct, run RALPH_VERBOSE=true ralph to log the exact argv passed to Claude, or tools/inspect-allowed-tools.sh to inspect parsing without invoking Claude. For compound commands with pipes/redirects (e.g., mvn clean | tail), ralph automatically downgrades the denial to a warning when the base command is already allowed — see issue #243. The broader Bash(git *) wildcard limitation is tracked in issue #154.

`--no-continue`

Disable session continuity. Each loop iteration starts a completely fresh Claude conversation with no memory of previous iterations.

Default	`.ralphrc` key
continuity enabled	`SESSION_CONTINUITY=true`

ralph --no-continue

Use when a session has accumulated too much context and Claude is making decisions based on stale assumptions. Also useful for isolating a single iteration for debugging.

`--session-expiry HOURS`

Override how many hours a session ID is kept before it is automatically discarded and a new session starts.

Default	`.ralphrc` key
`24`	`SESSION_EXPIRY_HOURS`

ralph --session-expiry 48    # Long-running projects with stable context
ralph --session-expiry 4     # Short-lived tasks where fresh context is better

Common `.ralphrc` Patterns

The .ralphrc file at your project root is sourced before each loop. Environment variables always take precedence over .ralphrc values.

Local workstation (default)

MAX_CALLS_PER_HOUR=100
CLAUDE_TIMEOUT_MINUTES=15
CLAUDE_OUTPUT_FORMAT="json"
CLAUDE_AUTO_UPDATE=true
SESSION_CONTINUITY=true
SESSION_EXPIRY_HOURS=24

Docker container

# Version is pinned at image build time — skip npm registry check
CLAUDE_AUTO_UPDATE=false

# Containers are ephemeral — no point persisting sessions
SESSION_CONTINUITY=false

# Tighter timeout for predictable CI runtimes
CLAUDE_TIMEOUT_MINUTES=10

Air-gapped / offline environment

# npm registry is unreachable — prevents timeout and warning spam
CLAUDE_AUTO_UPDATE=false

# Use a specific local Claude CLI path if not on PATH
CLAUDE_CODE_CMD="/opt/local/bin/claude"

Unattended / cron operation

# Reduce call rate to avoid runaway spend overnight
MAX_CALLS_PER_HOUR=50

# Token budget per hour (0 = disabled). Blocks calls once budget is exhausted.
# Resets together with the call counter on the hour.
MAX_TOKENS_PER_HOUR=50000

# Longer timeout for batch work
CLAUDE_TIMEOUT_MINUTES=30

# Auto-recover from circuit breaker without human intervention
CB_AUTO_RESET=false           # false = use cooldown (safer)
CB_COOLDOWN_MINUTES=30        # Wait 30 min before retry after OPEN

Circuit breaker tuning

# Open circuit after N loops with no file changes (default: 3)
CB_NO_PROGRESS_THRESHOLD=3

# Open circuit after N loops with the same error repeated (default: 5)
CB_SAME_ERROR_THRESHOLD=5

# Open circuit if output size declines by more than N% (default: 70)
CB_OUTPUT_DECLINE_THRESHOLD=70

# Minutes to wait in OPEN state before transitioning to HALF_OPEN (default: 30)
# Set to 0 for immediate retry
CB_COOLDOWN_MINUTES=30

# Skip cooldown and reset directly to CLOSED on startup (default: false)
# Use with care — reduces circuit breaker safety for unattended runs
CB_AUTO_RESET=false

Restricting tool permissions

# Broad (development): all git subcommands allowed
ALLOWED_TOOLS="Write,Read,Edit,Bash(git *),Bash(npm *),Bash(pytest)"

# Safe (default): specific git subcommands only, no destructive git commands
ALLOWED_TOOLS="Write,Read,Edit,Bash(git add *),Bash(git commit *),Bash(git diff *),Bash(git log *),Bash(git status),Bash(git push *),Bash(npm *),Bash(pytest)"

# Read-only audit
ALLOWED_TOOLS="Read,Grep,Glob"

Model and effort overrides

# Use a specific Claude model instead of the CLI default
CLAUDE_MODEL="claude-sonnet-4-6"

# Set effort level (high = more thorough, low = faster/cheaper)
CLAUDE_EFFORT="high"

Both can also be set as environment variables, which take precedence over .ralphrc:

CLAUDE_MODEL=claude-opus-4-6 ralph --monitor

Custom shell initialization

# Source a script before each loop (e.g., to activate a virtualenv or set PATH)
RALPH_SHELL_INIT_FILE=".ralph/init.sh"

Ralph will warn if the file is set but missing, and skip sourcing if it doesn't exist.

`.ralphrc`-Only Keys

These keys have no CLI flag equivalent — they can only be set in .ralphrc or as environment variables.

Key	Default	Description
`CLAUDE_CODE_CMD`	`"claude"`	Claude Code CLI command. Override for non-global installs (e.g., `"npx @anthropic-ai/claude-code"`).
`CLAUDE_AUTO_UPDATE`	`true`	Auto-check npm registry and update the Claude CLI at startup. Set `false` for Docker/air-gapped environments.
`CLAUDE_MIN_VERSION`	`"2.0.76"`	Minimum Claude CLI version required. Ralph warns and exits if the installed version is older.
`MAX_TOKENS_PER_HOUR`	`0`	Hourly token budget (`input + output`). `0` = disabled. Blocks further calls once exhausted; resets with the call counter on the hour.
`RALPH_VERBOSE`	`false`	Enable verbose progress logging. Equivalent to running with `--verbose`.
`CB_NO_PROGRESS_THRESHOLD`	`3`	Open circuit breaker after N consecutive loops with no file changes.
`CB_SAME_ERROR_THRESHOLD`	`5`	Open circuit breaker after N consecutive loops with the same error.
`CB_OUTPUT_DECLINE_THRESHOLD`	`70`	Open circuit breaker if output size declines by more than N%.
`CB_COOLDOWN_MINUTES`	`30`	Minutes in OPEN state before transitioning to HALF_OPEN for recovery attempt.
`CB_AUTO_RESET`	`false`	Skip cooldown on startup and reset directly to CLOSED. Reduces safety; prefer for fully unattended CI runs.
`PROJECT_NAME`	`"my-project"`	Used in prompts and log output for identification.
`PROJECT_TYPE`	`"unknown"`	Project type hint: `javascript`, `typescript`, `python`, `rust`, `go`, `unknown`.

Environment Variable Precedence

Environment variable   ← highest priority
    ↓
.ralphrc value
    ↓
Ralph default          ← lowest priority

All .ralphrc keys can be set as environment variables using the same name:

MAX_CALLS_PER_HOUR=200 ralph --monitor   # Override just for this run

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Ralph CLI Options Reference

Core Flags

`-h, --help`

`-c, --calls NUM`

`-p, --prompt FILE`

`-s, --status`

`-m, --monitor`

`-v, --verbose`

`-l, --live`

`-t, --timeout MIN`

Circuit Breaker Flags

`--reset-circuit`

`--circuit-status`

`--auto-reset-circuit`

`--reset-session`

`--dry-run`

`-n, --notify`

`-b, --backup`

`--rollback [BRANCH]`

`--show-tool-args`

Modern CLI Flags

`--output-format FORMAT`

`--allowed-tools TOOLS`

`--no-continue`

`--session-expiry HOURS`

Common `.ralphrc` Patterns

Local workstation (default)

Docker container

Air-gapped / offline environment

Unattended / cron operation

Circuit breaker tuning

Restricting tool permissions

Model and effort overrides

Custom shell initialization

`.ralphrc`-Only Keys

Environment Variable Precedence

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Ralph CLI Options Reference

Core Flags

-h, --help

-c, --calls NUM

-p, --prompt FILE

-s, --status

-m, --monitor

-v, --verbose

-l, --live

-t, --timeout MIN

Circuit Breaker Flags

--reset-circuit

--circuit-status

--auto-reset-circuit

--reset-session

--dry-run

-n, --notify

-b, --backup

--rollback [BRANCH]

--show-tool-args

Modern CLI Flags

--output-format FORMAT

--allowed-tools TOOLS

--no-continue

--session-expiry HOURS

Common .ralphrc Patterns

Local workstation (default)

Docker container

Air-gapped / offline environment

Unattended / cron operation

Circuit breaker tuning

Restricting tool permissions

Model and effort overrides

Custom shell initialization

.ralphrc-Only Keys

Environment Variable Precedence

`-h, --help`

`-c, --calls NUM`

`-p, --prompt FILE`

`-s, --status`

`-m, --monitor`

`-v, --verbose`

`-l, --live`

`-t, --timeout MIN`

`--reset-circuit`

`--circuit-status`

`--auto-reset-circuit`

`--reset-session`

`--dry-run`

`-n, --notify`

`-b, --backup`

`--rollback [BRANCH]`

`--show-tool-args`

`--output-format FORMAT`

`--allowed-tools TOOLS`

`--no-continue`

`--session-expiry HOURS`

Common `.ralphrc` Patterns

`.ralphrc`-Only Keys