fix: strip deno:: prefix from Vite plugin server-side stack traces (#3464)
#7377
| Job | Run time |
|---|---|
| 5m 29s | |
| 6m 47s | |
| 8m 58s | |
| 3s | |
| 3m 56s | |
| 3m 28s | |
| 5m 31s | |
| 34m 12s |