diff --git a/packages/plugin-vite/demo/islands/tests/EnvIsland.tsx b/packages/plugin-vite/demo/islands/tests/EnvIsland.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..389e9c2d661
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-vite/demo/islands/tests/EnvIsland.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import { useEffect, useState } from "preact/hooks";
+
+export function EnvIsland() {
+  const [ready, setReady] = useState(false);
+  useEffect(() => {
+    setReady(true);
+  }, []);
+
+  const deno = Deno.env.get("FRESH_PUBLIC_FOO");
+  // deno-lint-ignore no-process-global
+  const nodeEnv = process.env.FRESH_PUBLIC_FOO;
+
+  return (
+    <div class={ready ? "ready" : ""}>
+      <pre>{JSON.stringify({ deno,nodeEnv},null,2)}</pre>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-vite/demo/routes/tests/env.tsx b/packages/plugin-vite/demo/routes/tests/env.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a6a7b1daeee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-vite/demo/routes/tests/env.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import { EnvIsland } from "../../islands/tests/EnvIsland.tsx";
+
+export default function Page() {
+  return <EnvIsland />;
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-vite/src/plugins/patches.ts b/packages/plugin-vite/src/plugins/patches.ts
index 734cccc80c3..d11b902ec35 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-vite/src/plugins/patches.ts
+++ b/packages/plugin-vite/src/plugins/patches.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import * as babel from "@babel/core";
 import { cjsPlugin } from "./patches/commonjs.ts";
 import { jsxComments } from "./patches/jsx_comment.ts";
 import babelReact from "@babel/preset-react";
+import { inlineEnvVarsPlugin } from "./patches/inline_env_vars.ts";
 
 export function patches(): Plugin {
   let isDev = false;
@@ -16,12 +17,8 @@ export function patches(): Plugin {
       return true;
     },
     transform(code, id, options) {
-      if (code.includes("__commonJS") || /\.(tsx?|m[jt]s)$/.test(id)) {
-        return;
-      }
-
       const presets = [];
-      if (!options?.ssr) {
+      if (!options?.ssr && /\.(tsx?|m[jt]s)$/.test(id)) {
         presets.push([babelReact, {
           runtime: "automatic",
           importSource: "preact",
@@ -32,7 +29,13 @@ export function patches(): Plugin {
       const res = babel.transformSync(code, {
         filename: id,
         babelrc: false,
-        plugins: [cjsPlugin, jsxComments],
+        plugins: [
+          cjsPlugin,
+          jsxComments,
+          inlineEnvVarsPlugin(
+            isDev ? "development" : "production",
+          ),
+        ],
         presets,
       });
 
diff --git a/packages/plugin-vite/src/plugins/patches/inline_env_vars.ts b/packages/plugin-vite/src/plugins/patches/inline_env_vars.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9f0f557ce81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-vite/src/plugins/patches/inline_env_vars.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import type { NodePath, types } from "@babel/core";
+
+export function inlineEnvVarsPlugin(mode: string) {
+  const allowed = new Map<string, string>();
+  for (const [name, value] of Object.entries(Deno.env.toObject())) {
+    if (name.startsWith("FRESH_PUBLIC_")) {
+      allowed.set(name, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  allowed.set("NODE_ENV", Deno.env.get("NODE_ENV") ?? mode);
+
+  return (
+    { types: t }: { types: typeof types },
+  ): babel.PluginObj => {
+    function replace(path: NodePath, name: string) {
+      if (allowed.has(name)) {
+        const value = allowed.get(name);
+
+        if (value !== undefined) {
+          path.replaceWith(t.stringLiteral(value));
+        } else {
+          path.replaceWith(t.identifier("undefined"));
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return {
+      name: "fresh-env-var",
+      visitor: {
+        MemberExpression(path) {
+          // Check: process.env.*
+          if (
+            t.isMemberExpression(path.node.object) &&
+            t.isIdentifier(path.node.object.object) &&
+            path.node.object.object.name === "process" &&
+            t.isIdentifier(path.node.object.property) &&
+            path.node.object.property.name === "env" &&
+            t.isIdentifier(path.node.property)
+          ) {
+            const name = path.node.property.name;
+            replace(path, name);
+          }
+        },
+        CallExpression(path) {
+          // Check: Deno.env.get("<string>")
+          if (
+            t.isMemberExpression(path.node.callee) &&
+            t.isMemberExpression(path.node.callee.object) &&
+            t.isIdentifier(path.node.callee.object.object) &&
+            path.node.callee.object.object.name === "Deno" &&
+            t.isIdentifier(path.node.callee.object.property) &&
+            path.node.callee.object.property.name === "env" &&
+            t.isIdentifier(path.node.callee.property) &&
+            path.node.callee.property.name === "get" &&
+            path.node.arguments.length > 0 &&
+            t.isStringLiteral(path.node.arguments[0])
+          ) {
+            const name = path.node.arguments[0].value;
+            replace(path, name);
+          }
+        },
+      },
+    };
+  };
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-vite/src/plugins/patches/inline_env_vars_test.ts b/packages/plugin-vite/src/plugins/patches/inline_env_vars_test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..da0ff1f3bba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-vite/src/plugins/patches/inline_env_vars_test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+import { expect } from "@std/expect/expect";
+import * as babel from "@babel/core";
+import { inlineEnvVarsPlugin } from "./inline_env_vars.ts";
+import { usingEnv } from "../../../tests/test_utils.ts";
+
+function runTest(options: { input: string; expected: string; mode?: string }) {
+  const res = babel.transformSync(options.input, {
+    filename: "foo.js",
+    babelrc: false,
+    plugins: [inlineEnvVarsPlugin(options.mode ?? "development")],
+  });
+
+  const output = res?.code ?? "";
+  expect(output).toEqual(options.expected);
+}
+
+Deno.test("env vars - inline NODE_ENV", () => {
+  using _ = usingEnv("NODE_ENV", "foobar");
+  runTest({
+    input: `() => process.env.NODE_ENV`,
+    expected: `() => "foobar";`,
+  });
+});
+
+Deno.test("env vars - inline NODE_ENV mode", () => {
+  runTest({
+    input: `() => process.env.NODE_ENV`,
+    expected: `() => "asdf";`,
+    mode: "asdf",
+  });
+});
+
+Deno.test("env vars - inline custom process.env.*", () => {
+  using _ = usingEnv("FRESH_PUBLIC_FOO", "a");
+  runTest({
+    input: `() => process.env.FRESH_PUBLIC_FOO`,
+    expected: `() => "a";`,
+  });
+});
+
+Deno.test("env vars - inline Deno.env.get()", () => {
+  using _ = usingEnv("FRESH_PUBLIC_FOO", "b");
+  runTest({
+    input: `() => Deno.env.get("FRESH_PUBLIC_FOO")`,
+    expected: `() => "b";`,
+  });
+});
+
+Deno.test("env vars - inline Deno.env.get(NODE_ENV)", () => {
+  using _ = usingEnv("NODE_ENV", "c");
+  runTest({
+    input: `() => Deno.env.get("NODE_ENV")`,
+    expected: `() => "c";`,
+  });
+});
+
+Deno.test("env vars - inline Deno.env.get(NODE_ENV) mode", () => {
+  runTest({
+    input: `() => Deno.env.get("NODE_ENV")`,
+    expected: `() => "test";`,
+    mode: "test",
+  });
+});
+
+Deno.test("env vars - inline const _ = Deno.env.get()", () => {
+  using _ = usingEnv("FRESH_PUBLIC_FOO", "test");
+  runTest({
+    input: `const deno = Deno.env.get("FRESH_PUBLIC_FOO");`,
+    expected: `const deno = "test";`,
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/plugin-vite/tests/dev_server_test.ts b/packages/plugin-vite/tests/dev_server_test.ts
index 64c43b9c772..0f18fe2424d 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-vite/tests/dev_server_test.ts
+++ b/packages/plugin-vite/tests/dev_server_test.ts
@@ -144,3 +144,26 @@ Deno.test({
   sanitizeResources: false,
   sanitizeOps: false,
 });
+
+Deno.test({
+  name: "vite dev - inline env vars",
+  fn: async () => {
+    await withDevServer(DEMO_DIR, async (address) => {
+      await withBrowser(async (page) => {
+        await page.goto(`${address}/tests/env`, {
+          waitUntil: "networkidle2",
+        });
+        await page.locator(".ready").wait();
+
+        const res = await page.locator("pre").evaluate((el) =>
+          // deno-lint-ignore no-explicit-any
+          (el as any).textContent ?? ""
+        );
+
+        expect(JSON.parse(res)).toEqual({ deno: "foobar", nodeEnv: "foobar" });
+      });
+    }, { FRESH_PUBLIC_FOO: "foobar" });
+  },
+  sanitizeResources: false,
+  sanitizeOps: false,
+});
diff --git a/packages/plugin-vite/tests/test_utils.ts b/packages/plugin-vite/tests/test_utils.ts
index 73e1cde9bd3..faa5bbfbe91 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-vite/tests/test_utils.ts
+++ b/packages/plugin-vite/tests/test_utils.ts
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ async function copyDir(from: string, to: string) {
 export async function withDevServer(
   fixtureDir: string,
   fn: (address: string, dir: string) => void | Promise<void>,
+  env: Record<string, string> = {},
 ) {
   await using tmp = await withTmpDir({
     dir: path.join(import.meta.dirname!, ".."),
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ export default defineConfig({
   );
 
   await withChildProcessServer(
-    { cwd: tmp.dir, args: ["run", "-A", "npm:vite", "--port", "0"] },
+    { cwd: tmp.dir, args: ["run", "-A", "npm:vite", "--port", "0"], env },
     async (address) => await fn(address, tmp.dir),
   );
 }
@@ -110,3 +111,12 @@ export async function buildVite(fixtureDir: string) {
     },
   };
 }
+
+export function usingEnv(name: string, value: string) {
+  Deno.env.set(name, value);
+  return {
+    [Symbol.dispose]: () => {
+      Deno.env.delete(name);
+    },
+  };
+}