diff --git a/docs/source/conf.py b/docs/source/conf.py
index 7a7c3f52..aed962b5 100755
--- a/docs/source/conf.py
+++ b/docs/source/conf.py
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
     "matplotlib",
     "networkx",
     "numpy",
+    "osmium",
     "pandas",
     "rasterio",
     "requests",
diff --git a/osmnx/__init__.py b/osmnx/__init__.py
index e2d73290..490e793a 100644
--- a/osmnx/__init__.py
+++ b/osmnx/__init__.py
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 from . import geocoder as geocoder
 from . import graph as graph
 from . import io as io
+from . import pbf as pbf
 from . import plot as plot
 from . import projection as projection
 from . import routing as routing
diff --git a/osmnx/pbf.py b/osmnx/pbf.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4c01db2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osmnx/pbf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+"""
+Load OSM PBF files as graphs or features GeoDataFrames.
+
+For file format information see https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/PBF_Format
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+from typing import Any
+
+import osmium
+
+from . import graph
+from . import simplification
+from . import truncate
+from . import utils
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import networkx as nx
+
+
+def filter_pbf(filepath: str | Path, tags: list[str] | dict[str, list[str]]) -> Path:
+    """
+    Filter a PBF file based on way tags.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    filepath
+        Path to PBF file containing OSM data.
+    tags
+        Tags to filter the elements in the file. If `list`, then only retain
+        ways that contain a tag key from the list. If `dict`, then only retain
+        ways that contain a tag key from the dict with a matching value from
+        that dict key's list of values.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    output_filepath
+        Filepath to new filtered PBF file.
+    """
+    utils.log(f"Filtering PBF file at {str(filepath)!r}...")
+    type_err_msg = "`tags` must be a list, or a dict with string keys and list values"
+
+    # make output filepath and delete if it already exists
+    filepath = Path(filepath)
+    output_filepath = filepath.parent / f"filtered-{filepath.name}"
+    if output_filepath.is_file():
+        output_filepath.unlink()
+
+    with osmium.SimpleWriter(output_filepath) as f:
+        # filter ways based on tags
+        fp = osmium.FileProcessor(filepath)
+        fp = fp.with_filter(osmium.filter.EntityFilter(osmium.osm.WAY))
+
+        if isinstance(tags, list):
+            # if user passed list, only retain ways with those tag keys
+            utils.log(f"Filtering ways by tag keys {tags!r}.")
+            fp = fp.with_filter(osmium.filter.KeyFilter(*tags))
+
+        elif isinstance(tags, dict):
+            # if user passed dict, only retain ways tagged with those key:value pairs
+            tag_filters: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
+            for tag_key, tag_values in tags.items():
+                if not isinstance(tag_values, list):
+                    raise TypeError(type_err_msg)
+                tag_filters.extend(zip([tag_key] * len(tag_values), tag_values, strict=False))
+            utils.log(f"Filtering ways by tag values {tag_filters}.")
+            fp = fp.with_filter(osmium.filter.TagFilter(*tag_filters))
+
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(type_err_msg)
+
+        way_nodes: list[int] = []
+        for way in fp:
+            way_nodes.extend(node.ref for node in way.nodes)
+            f.add_way(way)
+
+        # filter nodes to retain only those that make up the ways
+        way_nodes_unique = set(way_nodes)
+        utils.log(f"Filtering way nodes by {len(way_nodes_unique):,} IDs.")
+        fp = osmium.FileProcessor(filepath)
+        fp = fp.with_filter(osmium.filter.EntityFilter(osmium.osm.NODE))
+        fp = fp.with_filter(osmium.filter.IdFilter(way_nodes_unique))
+
+        for node in fp:
+            f.add_node(node)
+
+    utils.log(f"Saved filtered PBF file at {str(output_filepath)!r}")
+    return output_filepath
+
+
+def overpass_json_from_pbf(
+    filepath: str | Path,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """
+    Read OSM PBF data from file and return Overpass-like JSON.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    filepath
+        Path to PBF file containing OSM data.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    response_json
+        A parsed JSON response like from the Overpass API.
+    """
+    elements = []
+
+    # first pass, extract ways and track their node refs
+    utils.log(f"Extracting ways from {str(filepath)!r}.")
+    fp = osmium.FileProcessor(filepath)
+    fp = fp.with_filter(osmium.filter.EntityFilter(osmium.osm.WAY))
+    for way in fp:
+        way_dict = {
+            "type": "way",
+            "id": way.id,
+            "nodes": [node.ref for node in way.nodes],
+            "tags": dict(way.tags),
+        }
+        elements.append(way_dict)
+
+    # count the ways and extract their constituent nodes' IDs
+    way_count = len(elements)
+    way_nodes = {n for e in elements for n in e["nodes"]}
+
+    # second pass, filter to nodes that constitute the preceding ways
+    utils.log(f"Extracting {len(way_nodes):,} way nodes from {str(filepath)!r}.")
+    fp = osmium.FileProcessor(filepath)
+    fp = fp.with_filter(osmium.filter.EntityFilter(osmium.osm.NODE))
+    fp = fp.with_filter(osmium.filter.IdFilter(way_nodes))
+    for node in fp:
+        node_dict = {
+            "type": "node",
+            "id": node.id,
+            "lon": node.location.lon,
+            "lat": node.location.lat,
+            "tags": dict(node.tags),
+        }
+        elements.append(node_dict)
+
+    node_count = len(elements) - way_count
+    utils.log(f"Extracted {node_count:,} nodes and {way_count:,} ways.")
+    return {"elements": elements}
+
+
+def graph_from_pbf(
+    filepath: str | Path,
+    tags: list[str] | dict[str, list[str]] | None = None,
+    *,
+    bidirectional: bool = False,
+    simplify: bool = True,
+    retain_all: bool = False,
+) -> nx.MultiDiGraph:
+    """
+    Create a graph from data in an OSM PBF file.
+
+    Use the `settings` module's `useful_tags_node` and `useful_tags_way`
+    settings to configure which OSM node/way tags are added as graph node/edge
+    attributes.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    filepath
+        Path to PBF file containing OSM data.
+    tags
+        Tags to filter the elements in the file. If `list`, then only retain
+        ways that contain a tag key from the list. If `dict`, then only retain
+        ways that contain a tag key from the dict with a matching value from
+        that dict key's list of values.
+    bidirectional
+        If True, create bidirectional edges for one-way streets.
+    simplify
+        If True, simplify graph topology with the `simplify_graph` function.
+    retain_all
+        If True, return the entire graph even if it is not connected. If
+        False, retain only the largest weakly connected component.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    G
+        The resulting MultiDiGraph.
+    """
+    if tags is not None:
+        filepath = filter_pbf(filepath, tags)
+    response_json = [overpass_json_from_pbf(filepath)]
+    G = graph._create_graph(response_json, bidirectional)
+    if not retain_all:
+        G = truncate.largest_component(G, strongly=False)
+    if simplify:
+        G = simplification.simplify_graph(G)
+    return G
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 988501fc..89690a90 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -42,9 +42,10 @@ requires-python = ">=3.11" # match classifiers above and mypy version below
 version = "2.1.0dev"
 
 [project.optional-dependencies]
-all = ["osmnx[entropy,neighbors,raster,visualization]"]
+all = ["osmnx[entropy,neighbors,pbf,raster,visualization]"]
 entropy = ["scipy>=1.10"]
 neighbors = ["scikit-learn>=1.2", "scipy>=1.10"]
+pbf = ["osmium>=4.0"]
 raster = ["rasterio>=1.4", "rio-vrt>=0.3"]
 visualization = ["matplotlib>=3.6"]