-In the United States, without an express agreement employers usually own [works subject to copyright](https://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ09.pdf) and have either [ownership or a "shop right" to use inventions](http://scholars.law.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1251&context=nlj#page=2). With an express agreement, employers can obtain lower risk, more certainty, and more control over more IP in more situations – so it's easy to understand that robust IP agreements with employees (and contractors) are necessary. But it's possible for IP agreements to go too far...
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